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Persoonlijke gegevens Eathelbert (edelbert) van Kent 

• Hij is geboren rond 550.
• Hij is overleden op 2 616.
• De biologische vader is Eormenic (irminric lurminric) van Kent
• Deze gegevens zijn voor het laatst bijgewerkt op 25 december 2019.

Gezin van Eathelbert (edelbert) van Kent

Hij is getrouwd met Bertha van Franken.

Zij zijn getrouwd.

Kind(eren):

1. Eadbald van Kent  ± 580-640 

Notities over Eathelbert (edelbert) van Kent

Æthelbert of Ethelbert of Edelbert (geboren ca. 550 – overleden 24 februari 616 of 618) was koning van Kent. Hij was de zoon van Eormenric, en werd opgevolgd door zijn zoon Eadbald. Hij was de eerste Angelsaksische koning die christen werd, en de eerste waarover we meer dan een triviale hoeveelheid betrouwbare informatie hebben. Hij geldt als de derde bretwalda (de Angelsaksische koning die als leider van alle Angelsaksen wordt beschouwd), een positie die hij vermoedelijk verwierf kort na de afzetting van Ceawlin (ca. 592). Volgens de geschiedschrijver Beda Venerabilis strekte zijn opperheerschappij zich uit tot aan de Humber. Dit was overigens slechts een tijdelijke situatie – al voor Æethelberhts dood lijkt Raedwald van East Anglia de leidende positie overgenomen te hebben.

Hij was getrouwd met een Frankische prinses, Bertha, dochter van de Frankische koning Charibert I en diens eerste vrouw Ingoberga. Het huwelijk was onderworpen aan de voorwaarde dat Bertha haar christelijke geloof vrij mocht belijden. Ze nam ook haar eigen bisschop mee naar Kent maar het is de bisschop niet gelukt om Æthelberht te bekeren. Mogelijk wilde hij zich bewust niet door een Frankische bisschop laten bekeren om zo zijn onafhankelijkheid van de Franken te demonstreren.
Mogelijk op uitnodiging van Æthelberht zelf, zond paus Gregorius I de Grote in 596 een delegatie onder Augustinus van Canterbury, de prior van Gregorius’ familieklooster naar Kent als missionarissen. Latere bronnen leggen er de nadruk op dat deze met angst en beven naar het vreemde en barbaarse land vertrok. Engeland had in die dagen geen goede naam, er was veel oorlog en men verkocht de overwonnenen als slaven aan het vasteland. In 597 kwam Augustinus aan in Kent met de bedoeling daar het christendom te prediken. Æthelberht gaf hem daartoe toestemming, en werd korte tijd later zelf bekeerd, waarna een massabekering van de inwoners van Kent volgde. Van vernietiging van heiligdommen was echter geen sprake, die werden met wat wijwater van hun heidendom gereinigd. Augustinus werd de eerste aartsbisschop van Canterbury.

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ÆTHELBERHT, son of EORMENRIC King of Kent & his wife --- (after [550]-24 Feb 616, bur Canterbury, Church of St Peter and St Paul). Bede records that "Aedilbert tex Cantuariorum" was "filius Irminrici"[264]. He succeeded his father as ÆTHELBERHT I King of Kent, the dating of the event being discussed above in relation to his father's death. In the early years of his reign according to Bede, he was "defeated in two battles, he could scarcely defend his frontier" but in the later years "subjugated every kingdom of the Angles, with the exception of the Northumbrians"[265]. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records that "Ceawlin and Cutha" fought against "Æthelberht" [King of Kent] in 568 and "drove him into Kent", and "slew two princes Oslaf and Cnebba at Wibbandun"[266]. Bede records that "rex Aedilberct in Cantia" had extended his authority as far as the river Humber when Augustine landed at Thanet island, Kent[267]. Bede records that the king’s royal court was at Canterbury ("in civitate Doruuernensi"), where Augustine was allowed to settle after the king eventually allowed him to leave Thanet[268]. King Æthelberht converted to Christianity, the first of the Anglo-Saxon kings to do so, presumably some time before 601, the date of the letter from Pope Gregory I welcoming him to the Christian faith[269]. Bede quotes the text of this letter, dated "X Kal Jul" in the nineteenth year of the reign of Emperor Mauricius (601), addressed to "Aedilbercto regi Anglorum"[270]. Yorke suggests[271] that the king's conversion by the Papal representative, rather than by his first wife's Frankish bishop Liudhard, represented an assertion of his independence from Frankish control. Augustine established his see at Canterbury, a second see being founded at Rochester in 604 with Justus as bishop, and a third in London at St Paul's under Mellitus. He promulgated laws, similar in form to the lex salica of Clovis King of the Franks, which represent the earliest body of law in any Germanic language. He granted land at Rochester to the church in a charter dated 28 Apr 604[272], the oldest surviving Anglo-Saxon charter. Bede records the death in 616 "twenty one years after Augustine was sent to England" of "Aedilbert tex Cantuariorum" after a reign of 56 years, the third king who had authority over the southern provinces, adding in a later passage that he died 24 Feb twenty one years after converting to Christianity and was buried "in portico sancti Martini intro ecclesiam beatorum apostolorum Petri et Pauli" where "Berctæ regina" was buried[273]. Assuming that the generally accepted date of 597 for St Augustine's landing is correct, both references are overstated. The Annales Lindisfarnenses et Cantuarienses record the death "618 VI Kal Mar" of "filius rex Edilbert Cantioriorum Irminrici"[274].

m firstly ([580]) BERTA of the Franks, daughter of CHARIBERT King of the Franks & his first wife Ingelberge ([before 560]-[601/before 616], bur Canterbury, Church of St Peter and St Paul). Gregory of Tours records that the daughter of King Charibert and his wife Ingoberg "eventually married a man from Kent and went to live there"[275]. Bede records that "rex Aedilberct in Cantia" had "uxorem…Christianam de gente Francorum regia…Bercta" whom he had received "a parentibus" on condition she retained her religion[276]. It is reasonable to assume that Berta was born before 560, given the subsequent marital history of her father, who died in 567 having married three times after repudiating his first wife, although it is possible that some if not all his marriages were polygamous. Already a Christian when she came to England, she was accompanied by Liudhard, a Frankish bishop[277], although if he attempted to convert her husband his efforts must have been unsuccessful in view of the king’s later conversion by St Augustine. Kirby suggests that the marriage took place in [580] after analysing the various contradictory chronological indications in contemporary sources[278]. According to Bede, as noted above, King Æthelberht received Bertha "a parentibus". As her father died in 567, and her mother in 589, the text if taken literally means that she married before 567, although this seems unlikely. The word "parents" may in this context mean "relatives" more broadly. Queen Bertha is named in Pope Gregory I's letter of 601 to her husband[279]. Bede records the burial of "Aedilbert tex Cantuariorum" in "portico sancti Martini intro ecclesiam beatorum apostolorum Petri et Pauli" stating that this was where "Berctæ regina" was buried[280].

m secondly (after 601), as her first husband, --- (-after [618]). The name of the second wife of King Æthelberht is not known. According to William of Malmesbury[281], she was "another Frankish princess" but no corroboration has been found for this. She married secondly, as his first wife, her stepson Eadbald King of Kent after the death of King Æthelberht, but was repudiated (see below). Her second marriage is confirmed by Bede who records that "filius eius Eadbald" succeeded as king after the death of "Aedilbercti", adding that he refused to embrace Christianity and was also "fornicatione pollutus" because he had "uxorem patris", adding in a later passage that her husband was persuaded to repudiate her when he was converted to Christianity[282].

King Æthelberht & his first wife had two children:

1. ÆTHELBERG [Tate] ([590]-after 633). Bede records that "rege…Aeduino" married "Aedilbergae filia Aedilberti regis…Tatae vocabatur" and that she was taken to Northumbria by Paulinus after he was ordained bishop by Archbishop Justus "XII Kal Aug" in 625[283]. This date is inconsistent with the correspondence of Pope Boniface V, who was Pope from 619 to 625, in particular the letter to Queen Æthelberg, quoted by Bede[284]. Bede records that "rege…Aeduino" was converted to Christianity by "Paulino"[285], which was written after the Pope learned of her brother's conversion and admonishing her husband for his continued non-conversion. The date range [619/23] for the marriage seems a safer hypothesis. Bede records that, after her husband was killed, Paulinus took "regina Aedilberge" to Kent by sea where they were received with honour by "Honorio archiepiscopo et rege Eadbaldo"[286]. m ([619/23]) as his second wife, EADWINE King of Northumbria, son of ÆLLE King of Deira [Northumbria] & his wife --- (585-killed in battle Hatfield Chase, near Doncaster 12 Oct 633 or 634, bur Whitby Abbey).

2. EADBALD (-20 Jan 640). "Eadbaldo filio meo" subscribed King Æthelberht's charter dated 604[287]. He succeeded his father in 616 as EADBALD King of Kent. Bede records that "filius eius Eadbald" succeeded as king after the death of "Aedilbercti", adding that he refused to embrace Christianity and was also "fornicatione pollutus" because he had "uxorem patris"[288]. A heathen on his accession, Justus Bishop of Rochester fled to France with Mellitus Bishop of London fearing persecution. Laurentius (Augustine's successor at Canterbury) was planning to follow them, but allegedly received a scourging from St Peter in a dream. Bede says that it is recounted that, fearing for himself on seeing Laurentius's flesh wounds, King Eadbald renounced his unlawful marriage and embraced Christianity[289]. This was presumably marked by his grant of land at Northbourne, Kent to St Augustine, by charter dated 618[290]. The king recalled Justus and Mellitus from France, and restored Justus as Bishop of Rochester. Mellitus succeeded Laurentius as Archbishop of Canterbury in [619], and Justus succeeded Mellitus at Canterbury in 624[291]. During the period of Bishop Honorius, who succeeded Justus, the church at Canterbury consolidated its position and Christianity became firmly established in Kent under the patronage of King Eadbald. Eadbald was also responsible for minting the first gold coins in London[292], maybe as a result of Frankish influences through his wife. Bede records that "Honorio archiepiscopo et rege Eadbaldo" received with honour Paulinus and "regina Aedilberge" after they fled to Kent following the battle of Hatfield Chase in 633[293]. According to Stenton[294], the year of King Eadbald's death is recorded in the annals of the church of Salzburg, but not in any English source. His death is, however, referred to in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle[295]. Bede records the death in 640 of "Eadbald rex Cantuariorum"[296]. m firstly (repudiated [618]) as her second husband, his stepmother, ---, widow of ÆTHELBERHT King of Kent, daughter of --- (-after [618]). Her second marriage is confirmed by Bede who records that "filius eius Eadbald" succeeded as king after the death of "Aedilbercti", adding that he refused to embrace Christianity and was also "fornicatione pollutus" because he had "uxorem patris", adding in a later passage that her husband was persuaded to repudiate her when he was converted to Christianity[297]. m secondly (after [618]) EMMA of the Franks, daughter of [CHLOTHACHAR II King of the Franks & his first wife Adaltrudis]. "Emma Francorum regis filia et regis Eadbaldi copula" subscribed her husband's 618 charter[298]. Although Emma seems an unlikely name for a Merovingian princess, given the more complex names which are typical of the family, Settipani suggests that it is the diminutive of a name containing a root similar to "Ermen-", like Ermenberga or Ermentrudis, which would also explain the root "Eormen-" in her son's name[299]. Stenton says[300] that there seems no doubt that Eadbald's second wife belonged to the Frankish royal house but that her parentage has not been ascertained. Werner suggests[301] that she was the daughter of Erchinoald, maior domus of the palace of Neustria, linking the name root "Eorcen-" with "Erchin-". Settipani[302] identifies Emma's parents as shown above, seemingly because he eliminates all other possible couples from the known members of the Merovingian royal family from a chronological viewpoint. He prefers a Merovingian ancestry in order to explain the name "Hlothhere" given to Emma's grandson, similar to "Chlothachar" or "Chlothaire", the name of Emma's supposed father. King Eadbald & his [first/second] wife had one child:

a) EORMENRED (-[640/64]). The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle names "Eormenred and Eorcenberht" as the two sons of King Eadbald, adding that Eorcenberht succeeded their father[303]. Roger of Wendover names "Ermenredum et Erkenbertum" as the two sons of King Eadbald, adding that "junior Erkenbertus" deprived his brother of the throne[304]. If this is correct, it is not clear why he did not succeed as king of Kent on the death of his father. One explanation could be that Eormenred was the son of his father’s scandalous first marriage, and therefore considered unfit for succession. It has been suggested that Eormenred did share power with his brother in Kent[305], although it is not clear on what evidence this suggestion is based. Eormenred's being the older son of his father is consistent with the treatment of his two sons by their cousin King Ecgberht, best explained if they had a superior claim to the throne. Eormenred presumably died before his brother in 664, as there is no mention of his having asserted his claim to succeed at that time. In addition, if he had still been alive, he would presumably have been able to ensure adequate protection for his two sons. m OSLAVA, daughter of --- (-after [664/73]). The Vitæ…Virginis Mildrethæ, written by Goscelin (mid- to late-11th century), names "Oslava" as wife of Eormenred and mother of his children[306]. William of Malmesbury records that she was granted land on the Isle of Thanet on which to construct a monastery by her husband's nephew Ecgberht King of Kent on whose orders her two sons had been murdered, presumably in expiation of the crime[307]. Eormenred & his wife had [seven] children:

i) ÆTHELRED [Elbert] (-[664/73], bur ---, transferred [959/75] to Romsey Abbey[308]). The Passio Beatorum Martyrum Ethelredi et Ethelbricti, probably written by Goscelin (mid-11th century), records that Æthelred and Æthelberht were sons of Eormenred, son of Eadbald King of Kent, who were murdered by their first cousin Ecgberht King of Kent[309]. William of Malmesbury names "Ethelred" and "Egelbirt" as sons of King Ecgberht's uncle Eormenred, recording that the brothers were kept at the court of their cousin Ecgberht King of Kent but later murdered on his orders[310].

ii) ÆTHELBERHT (-[664/73], bur Romsey Abbey308). William of Malmesbury names "Ethelred" and "Egelbirt" as sons of King Ecgberht's uncle Eormenred, recording that the brothers were kept at the court of their cousin Ecgberht King of Kent but later murdered on his orders[311].

iii) EORMENBEORG [Domneva] . The Vitæ…Virginis Mildrethæ, written by Goscelin (mid- to late-11th century), names "Domneva, Eormenburga, Ermeneburga and Ermengitha" as the four daughters of Eormenred and his wife, adding that "Domneva" was mother of three daughters "Milburga, Mildretha and Milgitha"[312]. There appears to be confusion between the two daughters named Domneva and Eormenbeorg, as William of Malmesbury states that Merewald, son of Penda, married "Ermenburga daughter of Ermenred, brother of…Ercombert"[313]. In addition, Florence of Worcester’s genealogies name "sanctam…Eormenbeorgam…regina Merewaldi regis West-Anglorum, sanctam Eormenburgam, sanctam Ætheldrytham, sanctam Eormengytham" as the four daughters of "Eormenredus" and "regina sua Oslava"[314]. The Passio Beatorum Martyrum Ethelredi et Ethelbricti, probably written by Goscelin (mid-11th century), records that, after the murder of Æthelred and Æthelberht sons of Eormenred, Ecgberht King of Kent sent for "their sister Domneva" to pay her compensation and that she built a church on the land granted where daughter Mildreth was a nun[315]. m MEREWALH, ruler of the Magonsætan[316], son of PENDA King of Mercia & his wife Cynewise ---[317].

iv) EREMENEBERG . The Vitæ…Virginis Mildrethæ, written by Goscelin (mid- to late-11th century), names "Domneva, Eormenburga, Ermeneburga and Ermengitha" as the four daughters of Eormenred and his wife[318]. Florence of Worcester’s genealogies name "sanctam…Eormenbeorgam…regina Merewaldi regis West-Anglorum, sanctam Eormenburgam, sanctam Ætheldrytham, sanctam Eormengytham" as the four daughters of "Eormenredus" and "regina sua Oslava"[319].

v) ÆTHELDRYTH . Florence of Worcester’s genealogies name "sanctam…Eormenbeorgam…regina Merewaldi regis West-Anglorum, sanctam Eormenburgam, sanctam Ætheldrytham, sanctam Eormengytham" as the four daughters of "Eormenredus" and "regina sua Oslava"[320].

vi) ERMENGYTH . The Vitæ…Virginis Mildrethæ, written by Goscelin (mid- to late-11th century), names "Domneva, Eormenburga, Ermeneburga and Ermengitha" as the four daughters of Eormenred and his wife[321]. Florence of Worcester’s genealogies name "sanctam…Eormenbeorgam…regina Merewaldi regis West-Anglorum, sanctam Eormenburgam, sanctam Ætheldrytham, sanctam Eormengytham" as the four daughters of "Eormenredus" and "regina sua Oslava"[322].

vii) [ÆBBE [Eafe] (-before 691). The primary source which confirms her parentage has not yet been identified. She founded the monastery of Minster in Thanet, founded by King Ecgberht to atone for the murder of her brothers[323].

King Eadbald & his second wife had [two] children:

b) EORCENBERHT ([620/25]-14 Jul 664). Bede records that "Earconbercto filio" succeeded after the death of "Eadbald rex Cantuariorum" in 640 and reigned for twenty-four years[324]. He succeeded his father in 640 as EORCENBERHT King of Kent.

- see below.

c) [EANSWITH . The life of St Eanswith cannot now be traced to any earlier authority than John of Tinmouth, who wrote in the second quarter of the 14th century[325]. His De sancta Eanswida virgine et abbatissa names "rex Cancie…Edbaldus" and "Emma regis Francorum filia" as parents of "Ermenredum et Ercombertum et filiam Eanswidam", adding that Eanswith refused to marry and retired to Folkestone where her father built a church dedicated to St Peter[326].]

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