Genealogie Wylie » James II Stewart King of Scotland (1430-1460)

Persoonlijke gegevens James II Stewart King of Scotland 

• Ook bekend als The Fiery Face, King of Scotland.
• Hij is geboren op 16 oktober 1430 in Holyrood Palace, Edinburgh, Scotland.Bronnen 1, 3, 4
• (Ruled ) in 1437-1460.
• (Info 3 ) in King Of Scotland 1437-1460. Killed By Accidental Bursting Of A Cannon. 4 Sons &, 2 Daughters.Bron 1
• Hij is overleden op 3 augustus 1460 in Killed at Seige of Roxburgh Castle, Roxburghshire, Scotland, hij was toen 29 jaar oud.Bronnen 1, 3, 4

  Oorzaak: Killed by accidental bursting of cannon

• Hij is begraven in Holyrood Abbey, Edinburgh, Mid-Lothian, Scotland.Bron 1
• Een kind van James I Stewart King of Scotland en Joan Beaufort
• Deze gegevens zijn voor het laatst bijgewerkt op 13 april 2023.

Gezin van James II Stewart King of Scotland

Hij is getrouwd met Marie von Guelders.

Zij zijn getrouwd op 3 juli 1449 te Holyrood Abbey, Edinburgh, Mid-Lothian, Scotland, hij was toen 18 jaar oud.Bronnen 3, 4

Kind(eren):

1. Sonunnamed Stewart  1450-1450
2. Mary Stewart  1452-1488 
3. James III Stewart King Of Scotland  1451-1488 
4. Alexander (Duke Of Albany) Stewart  ± 1454-1485
5. David (Earl Of Moray) Stewart  ± 1454-1457
6. Margaret (Cecilia) Princess Of Scotland  ± 1459-????
7. John (Earl Of Mar & Garioch) Stewart  ± 1459-1479

Notities over James II Stewart King of Scotland

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WIKIPEDIA
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Source, includes portraits, paintings, maps and other
items not below; and working links and updates, is

James II of Scotland
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

James II of Scotland
King of Scots

James II of Scotland (October 16, 1430 – August 3, 1460) reigned as king of Scots from 1437 to 1460.

James II, the son of James I of Scotland and of Joan Beaufort (daughter of John Beaufort, 1st Earl of Somerset and of Margaret Holland), had an elder twin, Alexander Stewart, Duke of Rothesay, who lived long enough to receive a knighthood, but died in infancy. James II became the father of James III. He gained the nickname "Fiery face" because of a conspicuous vermilion birthmark on his face. James had six sisters, who married into various European royal dynasties.

Contents [hide]
1 Child King
2 Struggles with the Douglases
3 Effective ruler
4 Marriage and children
5 References
6 Further Reading

[edit] Child King
Inheriting the throne at under seven years old, James saw the government in the hands of others for most of his reign. The assassination of his father James I had formed part of an attempt to usurp power by Walter Stewart, 1st Earl of Atholl, but it failed miserably, and James's guardians had Atholl and his allies captured and executed in the months after the assassination.

From 1437 to 1439, Archibald Douglas, 5th Earl of Douglas, as lieutenant-general of the realm, headed the government. After his death, and with a general lack of high-status earls in Scotland because of deaths, forfeiture or youth, power became shared uneasily between William, 1st Lord Crichton, Lord Chancellor of Scotland (sometimes in co-operation with the Earl of Avondale) and Sir Alexander Livingston of Callendar, who had possession of the young king as the warden of the stronghold of Stirling Castle.

In 1440 Edinburgh Castle became the location for the 'Black Dinner', which saw the summary execution of the young William Douglas, 6th Earl of Douglas and of his brother. Commentators tend to place the blame for the Black Dinner at the feet of Crichton, Livingston and particularly Avondale, as Douglas's death brought him the earldom of Douglas (as 7th earl of Douglas), and the position of the most powerful magnate in Scotland.

The precise details of who ran the government year by year between 1439 and 1445 appear complex and far from certain, but in 1445 the Livingstons co-operated with William Douglas, 8th Earl of Douglas, son of the recently-deceased 7th Earl, to drive Crichton from power. Douglas now took the lead in governing Scotland until 1449, placing his brothers and other family members in positions of power. Yet the wily Crichton soon returned to influence, now co-operating with the Douglases.

[edit] Struggles with the Douglases
In 1449 James II emerged into adulthood, yet in many ways his 'active kingship' differed little from his minority. The Douglases used his coming of age as a way to throw the Livingstons out of the shared government, as the young king took revenge for the brief arrest of his mother (in turn as a means to remove her from political influence) that had taken place in 1439. Douglas and Crichton continued to dominate political power, and the king's ability to rule without them remained arguably limited.

But James did not acquiesce with this situation without argument, and between 1451 and 1455 he struggled to free himself from the power of the Douglases. Attempts to curb the Douglases' power took place in 1451, during the absence of the Earl of Douglas from Scotland, and culminated with the murder of the 8th Earl of Douglas at Stirling Castle on February 22, 1452.

The main account of Douglas's murder comes from the 'Auchinleck Chronicle', a near contemporary but fragmentary source. According to its account, the king accused the Earl (probably with justification) of forging links with John Macdonald, 11th Earl of Ross (a.k.a. the Lord of the Isles) and with Alexander Lindsay, 4th Earl of Crawford. This bond, if it existed, created a dangerous axis of power of independently-minded men, forming a major rival to royal authority. When Douglas refused to break the bond with Ross, James broke into a fit of temper and stabbed Douglas to his death. His court officials (many of whom would rise to great influence in later years, often in former Douglas lands) then joined in the bloodbath, one allegedly striking out the Earl's brain with an axe.

This murder did not end the power of the Douglases, but rather created a state of intermittent civil war between 1452 and 1455. James attempted to seize Douglas lands, but his opponents repeatedly forced him into humiliating climbdowns, whereby he returned the lands to James Douglas, 9th Earl of Douglas and a brief and uneasy peace ensued.

Military campaigns ended indecisively, and some have argued that James stood in serious danger of being overthrown, or of having to flee the country. But James' patronage of lands, titles and office to allies of the Douglases saw their erstwhile allies begin to change sides, most importantly the Earl of Crawford, and in 1455 James struck a decisive blow against the Douglases, and they were finally defeated at the Battle of Arkinholm in May 1455.

In the months that followed the Parliament of Scotland declared the extensive Douglas lands forfeit and permanently annexed them to the crown, along with many other lands, finances and castles. The Earl fled into a long English exile. James finally had the freedom to govern as he wished, and one can argue that his successors as kings of Scots never faced such a powerful challenge to their authority again. Along with the forfeiture of the Albany Stewarts in reign of James I, the destruction of the Black Douglases saw royal power in Scotland take a major step forward.[1]

[edit] Effective ruler
Between 1455 and 1460 James II proved to be an active and interventionist king. Ambitious plans to take Orkney, Shetland and the Isle of Man did not succeed. The king travelled the country, and has been argued to have originated the practice of raising money by giving remissions for serious crimes, and that some of the unpopular policies of James III originated in the late 1450s.[2] In 1458 an Act of Parliament commanded the king to modify his behaviour, but one cannot say how his reign would have developed had he lived longer.[3]

James enthusiastically promoted modern artillery, which he used with some success against the Black Douglases. His ambitions to increase Scotland's standing saw him besiege Roxburgh castle in 1460, one of the last Scottish castles still held by the English after the Wars of Independence. On August 3, one of his cannon exploded, killing the King. The Scots carried on with the siege and took the castle.

Robert Lindsay of Pitscottie wrote in his Historie concerning the accident that befell King James II, that as he stood near a piece of artillery "his thigh-bone was dug into two with a piece of misframed gun that broke in shooting, by which he was stricken to the ground and died hastily". It should be noted, however, that Pitscottie was writing a century after the events he was describing.[4]

[edit] Marriage and children
James married Mary of Gueldres at Holyrood Abbey, Edinburgh, on July 3, 1449. They had seven children:

An unnamed son. Both born and died on 19 May 1450).
James III of Scotland (1451/1452 - 1488).
Alexander Stewart, 1st Duke of Albany (c. 1454 - 1485).
David Stewart, Earl of Moray (c. 1456 - 1457. He was created Earl of Moray on 12 February 1456.
John Stewart, 1st Earl of Mar and Garioch (c. 1459 - 1479).
Princess Margaret Stewart of Scotland. Married William Crichton, 3rd Lord Crichton of Auchingoul. She became the mother of Margaret Crichton and mother-in-law of George Leslie, 4th Earl of Rothes.
Princess Mary Stewart of Scotland (d. 1488). Married first Thomas Boyd, 1st Earl of Arran and secondly James Hamilton, 1st Lord Hamilton. She become the mother of James Hamilton, 1st Earl of Arran.

[edit] References
^ McGladdery, James II, Chapter 4, Appendix 2 (The Auchinleck Chronicle); Brown, The Black Douglases, chapter 13; Tanner, Scottish Parliament, Chapter 5
^ Tanner, Scottish Parliament, 201, 204
^ Tanner, Scottish Parliament, Chapter 6
^ McGladdery, James II, Chapter 6; Tanner, Scottish Parliament, Chapter 6

Reign February 21, 1437 - August 3, 1460
Coronation 1437
Born October 16, 1430
Died August 3, 1460 (aged 29)
Roxburgh castle
Predecessor James I
Successor James III
Consort Mary of Gueldres
Royal House Stewart
Father James I
Mother Joan Beaufort
Scottish Royalty-
House of Stewart

Robert II
Children
John, Earl of Carrick (later King Robert III)
Robert, Duke of Albany
Alexander, Earl of Buchan
David, Earl of Strathearn
Walter, Earl of Atholl
Robert III
Prince David
Prince James
James I
Children
Margaret Stewart
Prince James
James II
Children
Prince James
Alexander, Duke of Albany
John, Earl of Mar
James III
Children
Prince James
James, Duke of Ross
John, Earl of Mar
James IV
Children
Prince James
James, Earl of Moray
James V
Children
Princess Mary
James, Earl of Moray
Mary I
Children
Prince James
James VI
Children
Prince Henry
Prince Charles
Charles I
Children
Prince Charles
Prince James
Prince Henry
Princess Mary
Princess Henrietta
Charles II
James VII
Children
Princess Mary
Princess Anne
Prince James
Mary II
William II
Anne

[edit] Further Reading
'The Auchinleck Chronicle', printed in McGladdery, James II, Appendix 2, pp 160-73.
M. Brown, The Black Douglases (East Linton, 1998).
C. McGladdery, James II (Edinburgh, 1990).
R Tanner, The Late Medieval Scottish Parliament: Politics and the Three Estates, 1424-1488 (East Linton, 2001).
Preceded by
James I King of Scots
1437–1460 Succeeded by
James III

v • d • eMonarchs of Scotland (Alba)[hide]
Traditional List of Monarchs of the Picts
Legendary Monarchs • Drest of the Hundred Battles • Talorc I • Nechtan I • Drest II • Galan • Drest III • Drest IV • Gartnait I • Cailtram • Talorc II • Drest V • Galam Cennalath • Bruide I • Gartnait II • Nechtan II • Cinioch • Gartnait III • Bruide II • Talorc III • Talorgan I • Gartnait IV • Drest VI • Bruide III • Taran • Bruide IV • Nechtan IV • Drest VII • Alpín I • Óengus I • Bruide V • Cináed I • Alpín II • Talorgan II • Drest VIII • Conall • Caustantín • Óengus II • Drest IX • Eogán • Ferat • Bruide VI • Cináed II • Bruide VII • Drest X
something Traditional List of Monarchs of the Scots
Cináed I • Domnall I • Causantín I • Áed • Giric • Domnall II • Causantín II • Máel Coluim I • Idulb • Dub • Cuilén • Cináed II • Causantín III • Cináed III • Máel Coluim II • Donnchad I • Mac Bethad • Lulach • Máel Coluim III • Domnall III Bán • Donnchad II • Domnall III Bán • Edgar • Alexander I • David I • Máel Coluim IV • William I • Alexander II • Alexander III • First Interregnum • John • Second Interregnum • Robert I • David II • Robert II • Robert III • James I • James II • James III • James IV • James V • Mary I • James VI* • Charles I* • Charles II • The Covenanters • The Protectorate • Charles II* • James VII* • Mary II* • William II* • Anne*
* also monarch of Ireland and England

v • d • eDukes of Rothesay[hide]
HRH The Prince Charles, Duke of Rothesay

Edward VIII (1910-1936) · George V (1901-1910) · Edward VII (1841-1901) · George IV (1762-1820) · Prince Frederick (1727-1751) · George II (1714-1727) · The Old Pretender (1688-1689) · Charles II (1630-1649) · Charles James (1629) · Charles I (1612-1625) · Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales (1603-1612) · James VI (1566-1567) · James (1540-1541) · James V (1512-1513) · Arthur (1509-1510) · James (1507-1508) · James IV (1473-1488) · James III (1452-1460) · James II (1430-1437) · Alexander (1430) · James I (1402-1406) · David (1398-1402)

3 King Of Scotland 1437-1460. Killed By Accidental Bursting Of A Cannon. 4 Sons & 2 Daughters

(1430-1460) King of Scotland (1437-60).
He succeeded to the throne on the assassination of his father, James I of
Scotland. Because he was so young, the strong central authority his
father had established quickly collapsed, and his first adult task was
the restoration of monarchical authority. He strove to dominate the
powerful Douglas family, and in 1452 he stabbed to death William,Earl of
Douglas, at Stirling Castle. He established a strong central government
and improved the administration of justice. Turning his attention to the
English, who had renewed their claims to rule Scotland, he attacked
Englishoutposts in Scotland and was killed during a siege of Roxburgh
Castle.
© 2002 Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.

James II; born 16 Oct 1430; married 3 July 1449 Mary (died 1 Dec 1463),daughter of Arnold, Duke of Gueldres, and was killed by the bursting ofone of his own cannon while besieging the English in Roxburgh Castle 3Aug 1460. [Burke's Peerage]

James II built Ravenscraig Castle between March 1460 and 1464(posthumously).

Click here for http://www.darkisle.com/r/ravenscraig/ravenscraig.html">Photo ofRavenscraig Castle (use browser back arrow to return)

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