Genealogie Wylie » William ADDED FitzOsbern , 1st Earl of Hereford (1030-????)

Persoonlijke gegevens William ADDED FitzOsbern , 1st Earl of Hereford 

• Ook bekend als 1st Earl of /Hereford/, William FitzOsbern.
• Hij is geboren in het jaar 1030 in Breteuil, Eure, Normandy, France.
• Hij is overleden op 20 februari 1070/1071 in Battle of Cassel, Flanders (killed), hij was toen 40 jaar oud.Bronnen 1, 4, 5

  Oorzaak: injuries received at Battle of Cassel

• Hij is begraven in Abbey of Cormeilles, Normandy, France.
• Een kind van Osbern de Crepon en Emma de Ivry
• Deze gegevens zijn voor het laatst bijgewerkt op 19 augustus 2023.

Gezin van William ADDED FitzOsbern , 1st Earl of Hereford

(1) Hij is getrouwd met Alice (Adelise) de Toeni.

Of, , , France
France

Zij zijn getrouwd rond 1051 te 1st wife.Bronnen 6, 7

Kind(eren):

1. Adeliza FitzOsbern  1050-1156 
2. William de Breteuil  ± 1052-1103 
3. Roger de Breteuil  ± 1055-> 1087
4. Emma FitzOsbern  1059-1095 

(2) Hij is getrouwd met Richilde Countess von Egisheim.

Zij zijn getrouwd voor 1071 te 3rd husband 2nd wife.Bronnen 6, 8

Notities over William ADDED FitzOsbern , 1st Earl of Hereford

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Origins
Career pre-1066
In England after 1066
Toggle In England after 1066 subsection
Castle builder
Distraction and death in Flanders
Marriages and children
Notes
References
Further reading
External links

William FitzOsbern, 1st Earl of Hereford
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Earl of Hereford

Coat of arms of William FitzOsbern
Bornc. 1011
Died22 February 1071 (aged 60–61)
Flanders
Cause of deathWar
Known for
Lord of Breteuil
Earl of Hereford
companion of William the Conqueror
Title
The Earl of Hereford
Lord of Breteuil
SpouseAdeliza de Tosny
Children
William of Breteuil
Roger de Breteuil
Emma de Breteuil
Parent(s)Osbern the Steward and Emma of Ivry
Relatives
Rodulf of Ivry (maternal grandfather)
Osbern FitzOsbern (brother)
William FitzOsbern, 1st Earl of Hereford, Lord of Breteuil (c. 1011 – 22 February 1071), was a relative and close counsellor of William the Conqueror and one of the great magnates of early Norman England. FitzOsbern was created Earl of Hereford in 1067,[a] one of the first peerage titles in the English peerage. He is one of the very few proven companions of William the Conqueror known to have fought at the Battle of Hastings in 1066. His chief residence was Carisbrooke Castle on the Isle of Wight, one of many castles he built in England.

Origins
William FitzOsbern was the son of Osbern the Steward, a nephew of Duchess Gunnor, the wife of Duke Richard I of Normandy. Osbern was the steward of his cousin Duke Robert I of Normandy. When Robert left the Duchy to his young son William, Osbern became one of Duke William's guardians. Osbern married Emma, a daughter of Count Rodulf of Ivry, who was a half-brother of Duke Richard I of Normandy.[2] Through her he inherited a large property in central Normandy, including the honours of Pacy and Breteuil.

Career pre-1066

A 17th-century depiction of Lyre Abbey which was founded by FitzOsbern and his wife, Adeliza.
William FitzOsbern was probably raised at the court of his cousin William, Duke of Normandy, and like his father, became one of the ducal stewards.[3][b] He married Adeliza de Tosny, probably in about 1030. Together they founded Lyre Abbey (La Vieille-Lyre) and later Cormeilles Abbey.[1] FitzOsbern also founded Saint-Evroul Abbey.[4]

He was one of the earliest and most vigorous advocates of the invasion of England, and tradition holds that, at the Council of Lillebonne, he convinced the doubters amongst the Norman barons of the feasibility of the invasion. FitzOsbern's younger brother Osbern FitzOsbern was one of Edward the Confessor's chaplains, and possessed the rich church of Bosham in Sussex, where King Harold went to in the first scene of the Bayeux tapestry, and was well placed to pass along intelligence on the situation in England. He later became Bishop of Exeter.

In England after 1066
After William became King of England, FitzOsbern was made an earl, with major land holdings in Gloucestershire, Herefordshire, Oxfordshire, and the Isle of Wight, and smaller areas under his authority in Berkshire, Dorset, Wiltshire, and Worcestershire.[1] In the summer of 1067 King William returned to Normandy and left his half-brother Bishop Odo of Bayeux and FitzOsbern in charge of England during his absence.[1] The king was back in England in 1068 and FitzOsbern accompanied him in the subjugation of south-west England. He attended the King's Whitsun court in May 1068, and then visited Normandy, where he fell ill for some months.

In February or March 1069 FitzOsbern was asked by William to oversee the peace in York, where Gilbert de Ghent was made castellan of the new castle, but FitzOsbern returned south in time to attend the King's Easter court in April 1069 before returning to York.

Eadric the Wild launched a campaign of Anglo-Saxon resistance in the West Midlands, with the assistance of a number of Welsh princes (who had lately been allies of the Anglo-Saxon kings). In 1069 the revolt was crushed, and it is likely FitzOsbern played a major part in this, although the details are not certain. During this time FitzOsbern and his followers pushed on westwards into Wales, thus beginning the Norman conquest of the Welsh Kingdom of Gwent.

Carisbrooke Castle gatehouse
Castle builder
As part of the assertion of Norman control over England and Wales, FitzOsbern was one of the major Norman castle builders. Early castles attributed to him include Carisbrooke Castle on the Isle of Wight, Chepstow Castle (Striguil) in South Wales, Wigmore Castle and Clifford Castle in Herefordshire, Berkeley Castle in Gloucestershire and Monmouth Castle in Wales. FitzOsbern also created or improved fortifications in the towns of Hereford and Shrewsbury.

Distraction and death in Flanders
In 1070 trouble arose in Flanders, where King William's brother-in-law Count Baldwin VI of Flanders had died, leaving his county and his young sons in the hands of his widow Richilde, Countess of Mons and Hainaut. Her control of Flanders was challenged by the brother of her late husband, Robert the Frisian. Looking for help, she offered herself in marriage to FitzOsbern. He could not resist the chance to become also Count of this rich principality close to Normandy, and hurried there with his army, where he was defeated by the Count of Flanders and killed in the Battle of Cassel on 22 February 1071.

Marriages and children
FitzOsbern married twice:

Firstly to Adeliza de Tosny, daughter of Roger I of Tosny, by whom he had four children:
William of Breteuil, who succeeded his father in Normandy. He was held captive and tortured by Ascelin Gouel de Perceval 'Lupus', Sire d'Yvry, until he finally granted his daughter Isabella de Breteuil in marriage to him.[5][6]
Roger de Breteuil, 2nd Earl of Hereford, who succeeded his father in England and Wales;
Emma de Breteuil, wife of Ralph de Gael, 1st Earl of Norfolk
Adela married John, Lord of Croy
Secondly, it must be assumed, in 1070 he married Richilde, Countess of Mons and Hainaut shortly before the Battle of Cassel in 1071 by issuing a male descendent who was taken to the Burgundy region of Savoy.
Godfrey de Crepon Candie
Notes
Fitz Osbern's entry in the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography questions whether he was earl of Hereford: "He was not even 'earl of Hereford', as he appears in most historical writing. The king certainly made him an earl (comes) in England in 1067, but the title was personal, not territorial, and he had comital authority not just over Herefordshire but probably throughout the southern shires where Harold Godwineson had been earl."[1]
In Normandy, he used the title comes palatii, count of the palace. Historian C. P. Lewis observed that "Historians writing in the nineteenth century and for much of the twentieth called William a 'palatine earl', an inappropriate translation of the title which he had used in Normandy; there were no palatine earldoms in England until the thirteenth century."[1]
References
Lewis, C. P. (2004). "William fitz Osbern, earl". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/9620. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
Douglas, David (1944). "The Ancestors of William fitz Osbern". The English Historical Review. LIX (CCXXXIII): 69. doi:10.1093/ehr/LIX.CCXXXIII.62.
Orderic Vital, Histoire de Normandie, tome 2, Ed. Charles Corlet, Caen 1826-Paris 2009, p. 10
Orderic Vital, Histoire de Normandie, tome 2, Ed. Charles Corlet, Caen 1826-Paris 2009, p. 27
Francis Palgrave, The History of Normandy and of England... !V:398ff.
Connected Blood Lines: Career of Ascelin Goël de Perceval, derived from Vita Dominæ Hildeburgis and other cited sources; accessed November 2017.
Further reading
Pierre Bauduin (2004). "Autour de la dos d'Adelize de Tosny : mariage et contrôle du territoire en Normandie (xie-xiie siècles)". Les pouvoirs locaux dans la France du centre et de l'ouest (VIIIe-XIe siècles) (in French): 157–173. doi:10.4000/BOOKS.PUR.27493. Wikidata Q104804987.
F. Hockley (1980). "William Fitz Osbern and the endowment of his abbey of Lyre". Anglo-Norman Studies. 3: 96–105. ISSN 0954-9927. Wikidata Q104805001.
C. P. Lewis (1991). "The early earls of Norman England". Anglo-Norman Studies. 13: 207–223. ISSN 0954-9927. Wikidata Q104805132.
Nelson, Lynn (1966), The Normans in South Wales, 1070–1171, University of Texas Press, archived from the original on 10 April 2005 (see especially pages 24–33 in chapter 2)
R C Turner, FSA; J R L Allen, FSA; N Coldstream, FSA; C Jones-Jenkins; R K Morris, FSA; S G Priestley (September 2004). "The Great Tower, Chepstow Castle, Wales". Antiquaries Journal. 84: 223–317. doi:10.1017/S0003581500045844. ISSN 0003-5815. Wikidata Q57652383.
W. E. Wightmanna (1962). "The Palatine Earldom of William fitz Osbern in Gloucestershire and Worcestershire (1066–1071)". The English Historical Review. LXXVII (CCCII): 6–17. doi:10.1093/EHR/LXXVII.CCCII.6. ISSN 0013-8266. Wikidata Q104804966.
External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to William FitzOsbern.
William Fitzosbern, Dictionary of Welsh Biography
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William FitzOsbern, 1st Earl of Hereford

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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Earl of Hereford

Coat of arms of William FitzOsbern
Bornc. 1011
Died22 February 1071 (aged 60–61)
Flanders
Cause of deathWar
Known for
Lord of Breteuil
Earl of Hereford
companion of William the Conqueror
Title
The Earl of Hereford
Lord of Breteuil
SpouseAdeliza de Tosny
Children
William of Breteuil
Roger de Breteuil
Emma de Breteuil
Parent(s)Osbern the Steward and Emma of Ivry
Relatives
Rodulf of Ivry (maternal grandfather)
Osbern FitzOsbern (brother)
William FitzOsbern, 1st Earl of Hereford, Lord of Breteuil (c. 1011 – 22 February 1071), was a relative and close counsellor of William the Conqueror and one of the great magnates of early Norman England. FitzOsbern was created Earl of Hereford in 1067,[a] one of the first peerage titles in the English peerage. He is one of the very few proven companions of William the Conqueror known to have fought at the Battle of Hastings in 1066. His chief residence was Carisbrooke Castle on the Isle of Wight, one of many castles he built in England.

Origins
William FitzOsbern was the son of Osbern the Steward, a nephew of Duchess Gunnor, the wife of Duke Richard I of Normandy. Osbern was the steward of his cousin Duke Robert I of Normandy. When Robert left the Duchy to his young son William, Osbern became one of Duke William's guardians. Osbern married Emma, a daughter of Count Rodulf of Ivry, who was a half-brother of Duke Richard I of Normandy.[2] Through her he inherited a large property in central Normandy, including the honours of Pacy and Breteuil.

Career pre-1066

A 17th-century depiction of Lyre Abbey which was founded by FitzOsbern and his wife, Adeliza.
William FitzOsbern was probably raised at the court of his cousin William, Duke of Normandy, and like his father, became one of the ducal stewards.[3][b] He married Adeliza de Tosny, probably in about 1030. Together they founded Lyre Abbey (La Vieille-Lyre) and later Cormeilles Abbey.[1] FitzOsbern also founded Saint-Evroul Abbey.[4]

He was one of the earliest and most vigorous advocates of the invasion of England, and tradition holds that, at the Council of Lillebonne, he convinced the doubters amongst the Norman barons of the feasibility of the invasion. FitzOsbern's younger brother Osbern FitzOsbern was one of Edward the Confessor's chaplains, and possessed the rich church of Bosham in Sussex, where King Harold went to in the first scene of the Bayeux tapestry, and was well placed to pass along intelligence on the situation in England. He later became Bishop of Exeter.

In England after 1066
After William became King of England, FitzOsbern was made an earl, with major land holdings in Gloucestershire, Herefordshire, Oxfordshire, and the Isle of Wight, and smaller areas under his authority in Berkshire, Dorset, Wiltshire, and Worcestershire.[1] In the summer of 1067 King William returned to Normandy and left his half-brother Bishop Odo of Bayeux and FitzOsbern in charge of England during his absence.[1] The king was back in England in 1068 and FitzOsbern accompanied him in the subjugation of south-west England. He attended the King's Whitsun court in May 1068, and then visited Normandy, where he fell ill for some months.

In February or March 1069 FitzOsbern was asked by William to oversee the peace in York, where Gilbert de Ghent was made castellan of the new castle, but FitzOsbern returned south in time to attend the King's Easter court in April 1069 before returning to York.

Eadric the Wild launched a campaign of Anglo-Saxon resistance in the West Midlands, with the assistance of a number of Welsh princes (who had lately been allies of the Anglo-Saxon kings). In 1069 the revolt was crushed, and it is likely FitzOsbern played a major part in this, although the details are not certain. During this time FitzOsbern and his followers pushed on westwards into Wales, thus beginning the Norman conquest of the Welsh Kingdom of Gwent.

Carisbrooke Castle gatehouse
Castle builder
As part of the assertion of Norman control over England and Wales, FitzOsbern was one of the major Norman castle builders. Early castles attributed to him include Carisbrooke Castle on the Isle of Wight, Chepstow Castle (Striguil) in South Wales, Wigmore Castle and Clifford Castle in Herefordshire, Berkeley Castle in Gloucestershire and Monmouth Castle in Wales. FitzOsbern also created or improved fortifications in the towns of Hereford and Shrewsbury.

Distraction and death in Flanders
In 1070 trouble arose in Flanders, where King William's brother-in-law Count Baldwin VI of Flanders had died, leaving his county and his young sons in the hands of his widow Richilde, Countess of Mons and Hainaut. Her control of Flanders was challenged by the brother of her late husband, Robert the Frisian. Looking for help, she offered herself in marriage to FitzOsbern. He could not resist the chance to become also Count of this rich principality close to Normandy, and hurried there with his army, where he was defeated by the Count of Flanders and killed in the Battle of Cassel on 22 February 1071.

Marriages and children
FitzOsbern married twice:

Firstly to Adeliza de Tosny, daughter of Roger I of Tosny, by whom he had four children:
William of Breteuil, who succeeded his father in Normandy. He was held captive and tortured by Ascelin Gouel de Perceval 'Lupus', Sire d'Yvry, until he finally granted his daughter Isabella de Breteuil in marriage to him.[5][6]
Roger de Breteuil, 2nd Earl of Hereford, who succeeded his father in England and Wales;
Emma de Breteuil, wife of Ralph de Gael, 1st Earl of Norfolk
Adela married John, Lord of Croy
Secondly, it must be assumed, in 1070 he married Richilde, Countess of Mons and Hainaut shortly before the Battle of Cassel in 1071 by issuing a male descendent who was taken to the Burgundy region of Savoy.
Godfrey de Crepon Candie
Notes
Fitz Osbern's entry in the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography questions whether he was earl of Hereford: "He was not even 'earl of Hereford', as he appears in most historical writing. The king certainly made him an earl (comes) in England in 1067, but the title was personal, not territorial, and he had comital authority not just over Herefordshire but probably throughout the southern shires where Harold Godwineson had been earl."[1]
In Normandy, he used the title comes palatii, count of the palace. Historian C. P. Lewis observed that "Historians writing in the nineteenth century and for much of the twentieth called William a 'palatine earl', an inappropriate translation of the title which he had used in Normandy; there were no palatine earldoms in England until the thirteenth century."[1]
References
Lewis, C. P. (2004). "William fitz Osbern, earl". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/9620. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
Douglas, David (1944). "The Ancestors of William fitz Osbern". The English Historical Review. LIX (CCXXXIII): 69. doi:10.1093/ehr/LIX.CCXXXIII.62.
Orderic Vital, Histoire de Normandie, tome 2, Ed. Charles Corlet, Caen 1826-Paris 2009, p. 10
Orderic Vital, Histoire de Normandie, tome 2, Ed. Charles Corlet, Caen 1826-Paris 2009, p. 27
Francis Palgrave, The History of Normandy and of England... !V:398ff.
Connected Blood Lines: Career of Ascelin Goël de Perceval, derived from Vita Dominæ Hildeburgis and other cited sources; accessed November 2017.
Further reading
Pierre Bauduin (2004). "Autour de la dos d'Adelize de Tosny : mariage et contrôle du territoire en Normandie (xie-xiie siècles)". Les pouvoirs locaux dans la France du centre et de l'ouest (VIIIe-XIe siècles) (in French): 157–173. doi:10.4000/BOOKS.PUR.27493. Wikidata Q104804987.
F. Hockley (1980). "William Fitz Osbern and the endowment of his abbey of Lyre". Anglo-Norman Studies. 3: 96–105. ISSN 0954-9927. Wikidata Q104805001.
C. P. Lewis (1991). "The early earls of Norman England". Anglo-Norman Studies. 13: 207–223. ISSN 0954-9927. Wikidata Q104805132.
Nelson, Lynn (1966), The Normans in South Wales, 1070–1171, University of Texas Press, archived from the original on 10 April 2005 (see especially pages 24–33 in chapter 2)
R C Turner, FSA; J R L Allen, FSA; N Coldstream, FSA; C Jones-Jenkins; R K Morris, FSA; S G Priestley (September 2004). "The Great Tower, Chepstow Castle, Wales". Antiquaries Journal. 84: 223–317. doi:10.1017/S0003581500045844. ISSN 0003-5815. Wikidata Q57652383.
W. E. Wightmanna (1962). "The Palatine Earldom of William fitz Osbern in Gloucestershire and Worcestershire (1066–1071)". The English Historical Review. LXXVII (CCCII): 6–17. doi:10.1093/EHR/LXXVII.CCCII.6. ISSN 0013-8266. Wikidata Q104804966.
External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to William FitzOsbern.
William Fitzosbern, Dictionary of Welsh Biography
Preceded by
New Creation
Earl of HerefordSucceeded by Roger de Breteuil
========================================
International
VIAF
National
United States
=============================================================================
Categories as live links at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_FitzOsbern,_1st_Earl_of_Hereford :
1020s births
1071 deaths
11th-century English nobility
Anglo-Normans
Anglo-Normans in Wales
History of Monmouthshire
Companions of William the Conqueror
Norman warriors
Earls of Hereford (1067 creation)
Normans killed in battle
Lords of Wigmore
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William the Conqueror had men of diverse standing and origins under his command at the Battle of Hastings in 1066. With these and other men he went on in the five succeeding years to conduct the Harrying of the North and complete the Norman conquest of England.

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This page was last edited on 20 July 2023, at 07:35 (UTC).
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 4.0; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
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William the Conqueror had men of diverse standing and origins under his command at the Battle of Hastings in 1066. With these and other men he went on in the five succeeding years to conduct the Harrying of the North and complete the Norman conquest of England.

Change page preview settings

==============================

Alice [de Toeni] married William fitz Osbern, 1st Earl of Hereford, ofthe creation made shortly after the Conquest. [Burke's Peerage]

-----------------------------

William Fitz Osbern, a Companion of William the Conqueror at the Battleof Hastings, 1066, Earl of Hereford. [Ancestral Roots]

------------------------------

EARLDOM OF HEREFORD (I) 1067

WILLIAM FITZOSBERN, SEIGNEUR DE BRETEUIL, son and heir of Osbern, stewardof Normandy, by Emma, daughter of Ralph, COUNT OF IVRY (g), took aleading part in the events leading up to and in the Battle of Hastings.He was thereafter rewarded with great estates in England, namely, theIsle of Wight arid the County of Hereford, becoming EARL OF HEREFORD. Hedivided Herefordshire into casteleries, and attracted many knights to hisservice by liberal pay, even making a special law that none should payfor any offence more than 7 shillings. He was in command of the armyduring William's absence in 1067, and his representative in the north. In1068 he was in Normandy with the Duke, and in 1068/9 was governor ofYork. To him (in 1070) is credited the searching of the monastefies inEngland for treasure deposited there. In 1070, or early in 1071, he wassent to Normandy to assist Queen Maud in the administration of the Duchy,and so became involved in the troubles in Flanders, where the Queen wassupporting her nephew Arnolf's succession to his grandfather, Baldwin,Count of Flanders. The Earl joined Philip of France with 10 knights onlyand went off to Flanders, where he was killed, 18 February 1070/1.
From the database " Phillip, Weber, Kirk & Staggs Families of the Pacific Norhwest on Rootsweb WorldConnect by Jim Weber:

HEREFORD EARLDOM I. 1067. 1. William FitzOsbern, Seigneur de Breteuil, s. and h.(d447) of Osbern,(e447) steward of Normandy,(f447) by Emma, daughter of Ralph, Count of Ivry,(g447) took a leading part in the events leading up to and in the Battle of Hastings.(h447) He was thereafter rewarded with great estates in England—namely, the Isle of Wight and the County of Hereford, becoming EARL OF HEREFORD.(i447) He divided Herefordshire into casteleries,(a448) and attracted many knights to his service by liberal pay, even making a special law that none should pay for any offence more than 7 shillings.(b448) He was in command of the army during William's absence in 1067, and his representative in the north.(c448) In 1068 he was in Normandy with the Duke, and in 1068/9 was governor of York.(e448) To him (in 1070) is credited the searching of the monasteries in England for treasure deposited there.(f448) In 1070, or early in 1071, he was sent to Normandy to assist Queen Maud in the administration of the Duchy, and so became involved in the troubles in Flanders, where the Queen was supporting her nephew Arnolf's succession to his grandfather, Baldwin, Count of Flanders.(g448) The Earl joined Philip of France with 10 knights only and went off to Flanders,(h448) where he was killed, 18 Feb. 1070/1.(i448) He m., 1stly, Adelise, daughter of Roger de Toni,(j448) standard-bearer of Normandy. She d. 5 Oct. 1070? and was bur. in the Abbey of Lire, which her husband had founded.(k448) He m., 2ndly shortly before his death, Richilde, widow of Baldwin (VI), Count of Flanders,(l448) and previously, as is stated, of Herman, Count of Hainault, da. and h. of the Count of Egisheim* [Alsace]. The Earl d. as aforesaid in 1071, and was bur. in the Abbey of Cormeilles, which he had also founded.(a449) His widow appears to have d. 15 Mar. 1086/7. She was bur. with her 2nd husband in the Abbey of Hasnon, which they had founded.(b449) [Ref: CP:VI:447-9 as corrected by CP XIV:380 (per Dave Utzinger)] (d447) His brother, Osbern, was Bishop of Exeter. (e447) Osbern was s. of Herfast, whose sister Gunnor m. Richard I, Duke of Normandy (William of Jumièges, ed. Duchesne, p. 299 D). Osbern, who was guardian to the young Duke William, was murdered “dum in cubiculo ducis cum ipso in valle Rodoili securus soporatur, repente in stratu suo a Willelmo Rogerii de Montegomeri filio jugulatur.” (Ordericus Vitalis, ed. Duchesne, p. 372 A). (f447) Osbern was certainly steward of Normandy, but it does not appear, in spite of the chroniclers, that his son William was “dapifer” either of Normandy or of England. (See L. W. V. Harcourt, _His Grace the Steward_, p. 13 et seq.). (g447) _Idem_, p. 8, quoting “Cartulaire de S. Trinité du Mont” _passim_. Ralph, Count of Ivry, was (on the mother's side) brother of the half blood to Duke Richard I. (William of Jumièges, ed. Duchesne, p. 209 D). (h447) _Gesta Will. Ducis_, ed. Duchesen, 197 A, 202 D; Ordericus Vitalis, p. 501 C. (i448) “Rex Guillelmus . . . . Willellmo dapifero Normanniae Osberni filio insulam Vectam et comitatum Herefordensem dedit” (Ordericus Vitalis, p. 521 D). He places the grant of the earldom in 1070, but both Hoveden (vol. i. 116) and Florence of Worcester (vol. ii, p. 1) place the grant in 1067. The latter was “Willelmum filium Osberni quem in Herefordensi provincia comitem constituerat:—that is, he had been made Earl before William left England in 1067; and he was certainly an earl in 1068, when, detained by illness at Rouen, he made a grant to the Abbey of the Holy Trinity as William the Earl, son of Osburn, _dapiferi_, which grant was confirmed by his son William (Round, _Cal. Documents in France_). It is significant, in view of the quotation from Ordericus Vitalis in this note, that FitzOsbern does not describe himself as _dapifer_, and one might almost expect that Ordericus Vitalis originally wrote _dapiferi_. (a448) “Domesday shows us Herefordshire divided by William FitzOsbern into Casteleries, each of which must have had for its centre the moated and palisaded mound which formed the fortress of the time” (J. H. Round, _Peerage Studies_, art. “The family of Ballon”). (b448) The palatinate nature of these earldoms has been pointed out by other writers also. They were quasi-military. “Manet ad hanc diem in comitatu ejus apud Herefordum legum quas statuit inconcussa firmitas, ut nullus miles pro qualicunque commisso plus septem solidis solvat, cum in aliis provinciis, ob parvam occasiunculam in transgressione precepti herilis viginti vel viginti quinque pendantur.” (William of Malmesbury, _Gesta Regum Anglor._, vol. ii, p. 314). The earl provided well for his followers, even half a hide of land in Gloucestershire to his cook. (J. H. Round, _The King’s Serjeants_, p. 9). (c448) _Gesta Will. Ducis_, 208 D; Ordericus Vitalis, p. 506 C. (d448) Round, _Cal. of Documents in France_; and see note “i” on preceding page. (e448) Ordericus Vitalis, p. 512 D. (f448) Dugdale, Baronage, vol. i, p. 66, quoting William of Malmesbury. Hoveden (vol. i, p. 120) ascribes this to Roger, the son. (g448) William of Jumièges, p. 299 B, C. (h448) “Ad ludum” (Ordericus Vitalis, p. 526, C, D). (i448) 10 Kal. March 5 Will. I (1070/1) (_Idem_). (j448) Son of Ralph, said to have been descended from “Malahucius,” brother of the father of Rollo (William of Jumièges, pp. 253 D, 268 C). (k448) “He buried his wife Adeliza, da. of Roger de Toeny, in Lire Abbey, which he founded” (_Idem_, p. 278 B). (l448) She is said to have offered to marry him as a condition of his help, but if he set forth with only 10 knights to her aid it might be thought that arrangements for the wedding had been made before the struggle in Flanders became imminent, and that it was to his marriage he though he was proceeding. (a449) William of Jumièges, p. 278 B. (b449) Dugdale, _Baronage_, vol. i, p. 67. The same writer quotes Baltasar as authority for her having taken the veil in the Abbey of Liège; but Baltasar (p. 68) states that she d. at Messines in 1084. Baldwin, Count of Flanders, “Defunctus siquidem et apud Hasnonium sepultus, in pace dormit . . . ubi, raptoribus expulsis, de turri eorum lapidea monachorum, cenobium edificaverat” (17 Aug. 1070)—Pertz, vol. ix, p. 321. * CP VI:448 lists him as Renier, Count of Mons in Hainault.(m448) This has been changed/corrected (per Dave Utzinger) by CP XIV:380 (which I have not seen)...CH (m448) P. Baltasar, _Genealogies des Contes de Flandres_, p. 68. In _Annales Flandriae_ it is stated that she was taken in the battle where her new husband, FitzOsbern was killed. For more precise source refs; p. 448 begins “He divided Herefordshire into casteleries” p. 449 begins (midword) “said in 1071, and was bur. in the Abbey of Cormeilles” ***** Earls of Hereford. The first Earl of this County, after the Conquest, was William Fitz-Osborne, a Person not inferior in point of Merit unto any of those that came over into England with the Puissant Norman Duke, nor much remote from him in Alliance. For Herfastus his Grand-Father, was Brother to Gunnora, Great-Grand-mother to that victorious Hero; and his Father Osberne de Crepon, Steward of his Household and Sewer. Of his generous exploits before he came first into England, that whereof, I have already made some mention in my discourse of Roger de Montgomery, under the title of Arundel and Shrewsbury, is not the least, when he was sent with him by Duke William, to discover the strength of Geffrey Martel, Earl of Anjou, who then came with all his power to raise the siege of Danfront. Amongst the Counsellors of that Renowned Duke, he is instanced for one; and of his advisers to undertake that famous expedition into England, which proved so successful, the cheif; and not only so, but that he pressed him thereto with most earnest and weighty Arguments. Nor was he wanting to second that his Counsel by his Actions most valiantly adventuring himself in that Signal Battle, whereby that Duke obtained the Crown of England, being then the cheif in his Army; for which high services, he was first advanced to this Earldom of Hereford, having also the Isle of Wight then given him; and in the second year of His Reign, constituted Governor of that strong Castle at Winchester, which was then newly built; as also cheif Administrator of Justice throughout the whole North of England. (as Odo, Earl of Kent, was throughout the South) in which he behaved himself with no little prudence; sometimes acting alone, but in cases of necessity sitting both together, and assisting each other; always deporting himself with great Equity, as the King had directed him to do; punishing the bad, cherishing the good, and carefully superintending those, who did administer Justice under him in each place. In the third of that Kings Reign, after the raising of a strong Fort at York by the King, (when he had relieved that City, then besieged by Edgar Etheling, and his adherents) he was made Governor thereof. By the advice of this Earl and some others, is it said, That King William caused all the Monasteries of England to be searched, and what Money he found that the rich Men of the Land had therein deposited, by reason of his authority, to be taken away. Howbeit, to make some amends for that, and all other miscarriages, which his Military course of life, or any other worldly respects had exposed him unto, he became the devout Founder of two fair Abbeys in Normandy; the one at Lira, the other at Corneiles. And unto that of Lira, gave divers Churches Lands and Tithes in England, viz. The Church of Hanley in Worcestershire, as also all the Tithes of that Lordship, with Twenty shillings yearly Rent, one Man, and half a yard Land there. Likewise, all the Tithes of the Forest of Malverne, excepting Venison, the Tithes of Cuhull, with one Man, and a half yard there; the Tithes of Bissley, with one Man, and one yard Land there; the Tithes of Eldresfeld, one Man, and one yard Land there. The Churches of Fechham, Chedworth, the Tithes of Alverthone, and Eight shillings Rent out of the Church of Salpertone, the Tithes of Frothelmetone, with one hide and one yard Land in Danteburne. But I now come to his death; the occasion whereof was thus, Upon the death of Baldwine, Earl of Flanders, Ernulph, Earl of Henault, being of right to succeed him, as Nephew and Heir (for he was his Grand-child by his eldest Son) Philip, King of France, came to his aid therein; and Maud, Queen of England, Aunt to the said Arnulph, sent this our Earl of William Fitz-Osborne to give him alliance. But to oppose this Claim of Arnulph, Robert the Frison his Uncle, procured great Forces from Henry the Emperor; wherewith marching suddenly against the other, he fell upon them before they were aware; and having thereby soon routed the French, slew the said Arnulph his Nephew, with this our stout Earl, upon the Tenth Kalends of March, in the year 1070. Upon whose death, let us hear what the Monk of Utica (an English Man by birth) saith, and seriously take into consideration the vanity of Earthly-greatness; and withal observe, That after this short life of Nature, there is a long life of Fame, who will blow her Trumpet aloud to posterity, and plainly lay open to the World, as well the bad as good Actions of the most potent Men that shall be in their highest pitch of worldly power. "Vere, ut gloria mundi flos feni, &c. Certainly" (saith he) "the glory of this World fadeth, and withereth as the flower of the Field, year, it passeth away and vanisheth even as smoak. What is become of William Fitz-Osberne, Earl of Hereford, Viceregent to the King, Sewer of Normandy, that most Warlike General? Was he not in truth the cheif and greatest oppressor of the English; and he who cherished an enormous cause by his boldness, whereby many thousands were brought to miserable ends? See! The just Judge beholding all things, rewards every man according to his own demerits. Alas! Is he not now slain? Hath not this hardy Champion had his desert? As he slew many with the Sword, so he suddenly received his death by the Sword." Nor is it unworthy of Note, what the Monk of Worcester hath of him. ---"The Town of Headsofrey", saith he, "scituate at the East of Wic, doth of right belong to this Monastery; but after the Norman Conquest of this Realm, Earl William" (of Hereford) "took it away, and gave it to one Gilbert his servant, and so we lost that Lordship. And this Earl William, who unjustly took from God, and S. Mary, many other Lands, by the just judgment of God, not long after died (a banished man from his Country) an ignomious death; for not being afraid to disherit the Houses of God, God in just vindication thereof left him no heir to his Honor; his Son and Heir, being for Treason, within a short time imprisoned, where he miserably ended his life, and all his Posterity, by a publick Law, deprived of their Inheritance." Dying thus, his Corps was conveyed to Cormeilles (one of the Abbeys of his own Foundation) and there Interred. There is no doubt but that he had very large Possessions by the Conquerors gift; for it appears that he built the Castle of Estbrighoyel in Glocestershire, and the Castles of Clifford, Wigmore, and Ewias, in Herefordshire; but, in regard he died long before the General Survey, there is no Memorial at all left of them. This Earl first took to Wife Aveline, Daughter to Roger de Toney (a great Baron, of whom I shall make mention in due place) and had issue by her, Three Sons and three Daughters; of which Sons, William the eldest, had after his Fathers death, Bretol, and all other his Lands in Normandy; and, by the assistance of Philip, King of France, and Robert Curthose, Duke of Normandy, did, after a time, recover the Castle of Ivery, extorted from him by Gohell de Berhehivale; which Castle he had of the gift of the said Robert. And having married Adeline, Daughter to Hugh de Montfort, and been a great Benefactor to the Monks of Utica, departed this life the second Ides of January, An. 1099. (12 Wil Rufi.) Whereupon he had Sepulture in the Cloyster at Lira before mentioned; but left no legitimate issue. His second Son was Raphe, shorn a Monk at Cormeilles in his youth. The third was Roger de Britolio, who had this Earldom of Hereford, and all his Lands in England after his Fathers death. By the Instigation of this Roger, King William caused all the Monasteries of England, in the Eighth of His Reign, to be searched for their treasure. But this Earl stood not long; for, being a faithless and treacherous Man, and combining with Raphe de Guader, Earl of Norfolk, (who had wedded his Sister Emme) in that Conspiracy for devesting King William of the Government, and advancing themselves to the sole sway of all; under most specious pretences he raised a powerful Army, and broke out in open Rebellion, but without success; for the King presently fell upon them with his Forces at a place called Fagadune, and there utterly routed both of them, and all their adherents; who thereupon fleeing to Norwich, held that City as long as they could; but at length being constrained to render it, this Earl Roger was sent for to the Court, and being questioned thereupon, could not deny the fact. Wherefore, according to the Norman Law, he was adjudged to lose all his Possessions, and to perpetual imprisonment, where though he frequently used many scornful and contumelious expressions towards the King; yet he was pleased, at the celebration of the Feast of Easter, in a solemn manner (as then was usual) to send to this Earl Roger, at that time in prison, His Royal Robes; who so disdained the favor, that he forthwith caused a great fire to be made, and the Mantle, the inner Surcoat of Silk, and the upper Garment lined with precious Furs, to be suddenly burnt. Which being made known to the King, he became not a little displeased, and said, "Certainly he is a very proud Man, who hath thus abused me; but, By the Brightness of God, he shall never come out of prison so long as I live." Which expression was fulfilled to the utmost; for he never was released, during the Kings life, nor after, but died in prison; leaving issue (though by whom not mentioned) two Sons Raynald and Roger, excellent Soldiers under King Henry the First; who, solliciting his clemency in their great distresses, found little regard. The Two Daughters of this Earl William, were these, The first, viz. Emme, Wife to Raphe de Guader, Earl of Norfolk, of whom I shall say more under that Title; and the second . . . . . . Mother to Raynald de Cracci; but her Christian name, and her Husbands, not exprest. The second Wife of the same Earl William Fitz-Osborne, was Richild, Daughter and Heir to Reginald, Earl of Henault; first married to Herman, sometime also Earl of Henault. Secondly, to Baldwine de Monte, called the Peaceable; and lastly, to this our Earl. Which Richild seeing Ernulph, Earl of Henault, her Son, and this Earl William Fitz-Osborne, her Husband slain by Robert de Frison (as hath been already said) betook her self to a Religious Habit, and was veiled a Nun in the Abbey of Leige in Germany, and departing this life on the Ides of March, An. 1086. was buried by her second Husband Baldwine de Monte, in the Abbey of Hannow, which they had Founded. [Ref: Dugdale, _Baronage_, vol. i, pp. 66-7] Regards, Curt

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