Genealogie Wylie » Henry "Young King" (Henry "Young King") Plantagenet , Duke Aquitaine [[Ch-Wikibio+]] (-1183)

Persoonlijke gegevens Henry "Young King" (Henry "Young King") Plantagenet , Duke Aquitaine [[Ch-Wikibio+]] 

• Roepnaam Henry "Young King".
• Hij is geboren op 28 februari 1154/1155 in Bermondsey Palace, London, Middlesex, England.
• Hij is overleden op 11 juni 1183 in Chateau Martel, Lot, Midi-Pyrenees, France, hij was toen 29 jaar oud.

  Oorzaak: dysentery

• Hij is begraven in Rouen Cathedral, Seine Inferieure, Normandy, France.
• Een kind van Henry II "Curt Mantel" King of ADDed England en Eleanor of Aquitaine
• Deze gegevens zijn voor het laatst bijgewerkt op 31 maart 2023.

Gezin van Henry "Young King" (Henry "Young King") Plantagenet , Duke Aquitaine [[Ch-Wikibio+]]

Hij is getrouwd met Margaret Princess of France.

Zij zijn getrouwd op 2 november 1160 te Le Neubourg, eure, Normandy, France, hij was toen 6 jaar oud.

Huwelijkscontract gesloten Aug 1158 in 1st husband (arrangement date).Bron 1

Notities over Henry "Young King" (Henry "Young King") Plantagenet , Duke Aquitaine [[Ch-Wikibio+]]

Single brackets [Ch] means first in his line with number of paths (to Charlemagne) in triple figures (as would be all subject's blood descendants) which a ll would be same or greater.

+ affixed to Wikibio means one more item from researchers employed, or Charlemagne analysis included.
Additional pluses ++ mean more than one item shown. No plusses mean only Wikibio, if that.

Double brackets is for those who have one or more antecedents with same property,

Charlemagne Descendant many times over!

All descendants of Queen of England Eleanor of Aquitaine are in triple figures just through her paths (to Charlemagne), [This subject is her son and is in triple figures as well!]

All descendants of King Louis VII of France, Eleanor's first husband are likewise in triple figures
through his paths (to Charlemagne) alone.

This individual is such a descendant by standard documentation, including here of one of
these individuals, his mother, but still...

This Charlemagne descendant is documented on this one extended family site as among others a
10th-11th-12th-13th-14th-15th-16th great grandchild repeatedly so many times each uniquely
as to at least be into the triple figures as such a multi-ancestral path descendant of ,
Charlemagne, first Holy Roman Emperor [HRE]---coronation on 25 December 800 in Rome---
with HREs so created and so serving until August 6, 1806, when the Empire was disbanded.

=========
WIKIPEDIA
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Source above, includes portraits, paintings, maps and other
items not below; and working links and updates, is
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_the_Young_King

WikipediaThe Free Encyclopedia

Henry the Young Kin

Contents: These live links at source as follows by clicking into wikibio
found by using above main link, clicking and looking at upper left column
-------
Contents
1Early life
2Tournament hero and celebrity
3Political career
4Death and burial
5Appearance and character
6Cultural depictions
7Genealogical table
8Notes
9References
10Bibliography
-------
Contents list above are live links at source as follows by clicking into wikibio
found by using above main link, clicking and looking at upper left column or click
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_the_Young_King

Henry the Young King
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from Young Henry)

Henry the Young King
Coronation of Henry the Young King - Becket Leaves (c.1220-1240), f. 3r - BL Loan MS 88-2.jpg
Illumination of the coronation of Henry in the Becket Leaves (c.1220-1240).
Junior king of England
Reign14 June 1170 – 11 June 1183
Coronation14 June 1170
Senior kingHenry II
Born28 February 1155
London, England
Died11 June 1183 (aged 28)
Castle of Martel, Lot, France
SpouseMargaret of France ?(m. 1160)?
IssueWilliam
HousePlantagenet / Angevin[nb 1]
FatherHenry II, King of England
MotherEleanor, Duchess of Aquitaine
Henry the Young King (28 February 1155 – 11 June 1183) was the eldest son of Henry II of England and Eleanor of Aquitaine to survive childhood. Beginning in 1170, he was titular King of England, Duke of Normandy, Count of Anjou and Maine. Henry the Young King was the only English king since the Norman Conquest to be crowned during his father's reign, but was frustrated by his father's refusal to grant him meaningful autonomous power.[1][2] He died, aged 28, six years before his father, leaving his brother Richard to become the next king.

Contents
1Early life
2Tournament hero and celebrity
3Political career
4Death and burial
5Appearance and character
6Cultural depictions
7Genealogical table
8Notes
9References
10Bibliography
Early life

At his coronation banquet, the Young King is served by his father, King Henry II (Becket Leaves, c.1220-1240).
Little is known of the young Henry before the events associated with his marriage and coronation. His mother's children by her first marriage to Louis VII of France were Marie and Alix. He had one elder brother, William (d. 1156), and his younger siblings included Matilda; Richard; Geoffrey; Eleanor; Joan; and John.

In June 1170, the fifteen-year-old Henry was crowned king during his father's lifetime, a traditional practice of the French Capetian dynasty which held formal overlordship of Henry II's continental domains. King Stephen had previously attempted to have his son Eustace crowned as early as 1143 but was unable to secure papal support. On the latter's death in 1153, Stephen did not even attempt to have his second son William acknowledged as heir.[3]

He was known in his own lifetime as "Henry the Young King" to distinguish him from his father. Because he was not a reigning king, he is not counted in the numerical succession of kings of England. According to one of Thomas Becket's correspondents, Henry was knighted by his father before the coronation, but the History of William Marshal asserts that the king was knighted by William in the course of the rebellion of 1173.[4]

Tournament hero and celebrity
Henry did not appear to have been very interested in the day-to-day business of government, which distinguished him from his father and younger brothers. His father, however, is reputed to have failed to delegate authority to his son, retaining power in England. The majority opinion amongst historians is that of W. L. Warren: "The Young Henry was the only member of the family who was popular in his own day....also the only one who gave no evidence of political sagacity, military skill, or even ordinary intelligence...",[5] and elaborated in a later book, "He was gracious, benign, affable, courteous, the soul of liberality and generosity. Unfortunately he was also shallow, vain, careless, empty-headed, incompetent, improvident, and irresponsible."[6]

The Young King's contemporary reputation, however, was positive. Likely this was due to the enthusiastic tournament culture of his time. In the History of William Marshal, the biography of the knight assigned to him as a tutor in 1170 and his tournament team leader until 1182, he is described as a constant competitor at tournaments across northern and central France between 1175 and 1182. With his cousins Counts Philip I of Flanders and Baldwin V of Hainaut, he was a key patron of the sport. He is said to have spent over £200 a day on the great retinue of knights he brought to the tournament of Lagny-sur-Marne in November 1179.[citation needed]

Though he lacked political weight, his patronage brought him celebrity status throughout western Europe. The baron and troubadour Bertran de Born knew him, stating:

[He was] the best king who ever took up a shield, the most daring and best of all tourneyers. From the time when Roland was alive, and even before, never was seen a knight so skilled, so warlike, whose fame resounded so around the world – even if Roland did come back, or if the world were searched as far as the River Nile and the setting sun.

There was a perception amongst his contemporaries, and the next generation, that his death in 1183 marked a decline both in the tournament and knightly endeavour. His one-time chaplain, Gervase of Tilbury, remarked on his passing: "Assuredly, as he was a solace to the world while he lived, so it was a blow to all chivalry when he died in the very glow of youth."[7][8]

The traditional view of Young Henry, propagated into the modern era by Warren, has, however, been challenged in recent years. Matthew Strickland has argued in his compendium of the Young King's life and career that he was, in fact, an able and likeable individual who merely grew frustrated at his father's refusal to grant him any domains or responsibilities of his own.[9]

Political career

Drawing of the recumbent statue in Rouen Cathedral destroyed in 1733; from Livre du Millénaire de la Normandie (1911, after a drawing of c. 1700).
The young Henry played an important part in the politics of his father's reign. On 2 November 1160, he was betrothed to Margaret of France, daughter of King Louis VII of France and his second wife, Constance of Castile, when he was 5 years of age and she was at least 2. The marriage was an attempt to finally settle the struggle between the counts of Anjou and the French kings over possession of the frontier district of the Norman Vexin, which Louis VII had acquired from Henry's grandfather, Geoffrey Plantagenet, Count of Anjou, in around 1144. By the terms of the settlement, Margaret would bring the castles of the Norman Vexin to her new husband. However, the marriage was pushed through by Henry II when Young Henry and Margaret were small children so that he could seize the castles. A bitter border war followed between the kings.

Henry II had toyed with the idea of having Young Henry crowned king as early as 1162 and even procured a papal bull from Alexander III ordering Archbishop Roger of York to crown Young Henry whenever required.[10] Thomas Becket, newly ordained as Archbishop of Canterbury, had been ordered to prepare for the coronation of Young Henry and the pipe rolls for 1162 record the allocation of funds for the commissioning of a golden circlet. This was not to be, however; Barlow suggests that the southern prelates dissuaded King Henry from using the papal bull as the Archbishopric of Canterbury was now occupied. This greatly upset Roger of York, who wrote to Rome asking for confirmation of his right to crown kings; while ultimately unsuccessful, Roger's delays derailed Henry's plans and the Young King would not be crowned until 1170.[11]

Young Henry was finally crowned on Saturday 14 June 1170 on the feast of St Basil at Westminster Abbey, in the presence of most of the Anglo-Norman nobility and the overwhelming majority of the non-vacant English bishoprics. Matthew Strickland notes that the exiled Thomas Becket had few supporters left in the upper ranks of the English church after six years of dispute with Henry II.[12]

It was almost certainly a calculated insult to Louis VII that Margaret of France was not crowned alongside her husband in 1170. Robert of Torigny claims she simply arrived from Normandy too late to participate, but other sources reveal she was deliberately delayed at Caen. Warren believes that this was an ultimately fruitful attempt to prevent Louis VII from dissuading Thomas Becket from accepting his latest overtures.[13] Whatever the case, Louis was so enraged by this that he launched an immediate attack on the Norman border, forcing Henry to return to the duchy personally to oversee its defences. Mediation by Count Theobald of Blois, however, led to a meeting between the two monarchs at Vendôme and, following subsequent meetings at La Ferté and Fréteval, Henry was able to placate King Louis.[14]

Young Henry and Margaret were formally married on 27 August 1172 at Winchester Cathedral, when Henry, aged seventeen, was crowned King of England a second time, this time together with Margaret, by Rotrou, the Archbishop of Rouen.[15]

Young Henry fell out with his father in 1173. Contemporary chroniclers allege that this was owing to the young man's frustration that his father had given him no realm to rule, and his feeling starved of funds. The rebellion seems, however, to have drawn strength from much deeper discontent with his father's rule, and a formidable party of Anglo-Norman, Norman, Angevin, Poitevin and Breton magnates joined him. The revolt of 1173–1174 came close to toppling the king; he was narrowly saved by the loyalty of a party of nobles with holdings on the English side of the Channel, and by the defeat and capture of William I, the King of Scotland. Young Henry sought a reconciliation after the capture of his mother, Eleanor of Aquitaine, and the failure of the rebellion. His funds were much increased by the terms of the settlement and he apparently devoted most of the next seven years to the amusement of the tournament.

In November 1179, he represented his father at the coronation of Philip Augustus as associate king of France at Reims. He acted as Steward of France and carried the crown in the coronation procession. Later, he played a leading role in the celebratory tournament held at Lagny-sur-Marne, to which he brought a retinue of over 500 knights at huge expense.

The Young Henry's affairs took a turn for the worse in 1182. He fell out with William Marshal, the leader of his tournament mesnée.[16] The unknown author of L'Histoire de Guillaume le Maréchal suggests that Marshal's disgrace was because he had indulged in a clandestine affair with Queen Margaret. David Crouch, one of the Marshal's principal modern biographers, argues that the charge against William was actually one of lèse majesté, brought on by Marshal's own arrogance and greed. By this account, the charge of adultery was only introduced in the History of William Marshal as a distraction from the real charges, of which he was most probably guilty. Though the Young King sent his wife early in 1183 to the French court, it was done most likely to keep her safe in the impending war with his brother, Richard, rather than because she was in disgrace.

Margaret gave birth to a baby boy named William, who may have been born prematurely on 19 June 1177 and died only three days later.[17]

Death and burial
Henry the Young King died, aged 28, in the summer of 1183, during the course of a campaign in Limousin against his father and his brother Richard the Lionheart. He had just finished pillaging local monasteries to raise money to pay his mercenaries. He contracted dysentery at the beginning of June. Weakening fast, he was taken to Martel, near Limoges. It was clear to his household that he was dying on 7 June, when he was confessed and received the last rites.

As a token of his penitence for his war against his father, he prostrated himself naked on the floor before a crucifix. He made a testament and, since he had taken a crusader's vow, he gave his cloak to his friend William Marshal, with the plea that he should take the cloak (presumably with the crusader's cross stitched to it) to the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem.

On his deathbed, he reportedly asked to be reconciled to his father, but King Henry, fearing a trick, refused to see him. He died on 11 June, clasping a ring his father had sent instead as a sign of his forgiveness. After his death, his father is said to have exclaimed: "He cost me much, but I wish he had lived to cost me more."

After Henry's death, there was an attempt by his mother and a faction of his friends to promote his sainthood. Thomas of Earley, Archdeacon of Wells, published a sermon not long afterward detailing miraculous events attending the cortège that took his body north to Normandy. Henry had left orders that his entrails and other body parts should be buried at the abbey of Charroux, but the rest of his body should rest in Rouen Cathedral.

However, during the funeral procession, a member of Henry's household was seized by his mercenary captains for debts the late king had owed them. The knights accompanying his corpse were so penniless they had to be fed by charity at the monastery of Vigeois. There were large and emotional gatherings wherever his body rested.

At Le Mans, the local bishop halted the procession and ordered the body buried in his cathedral, perhaps to help defuse the civil unrest Henry's death had caused. The dean of Rouen recovered the body from the chapter of Le Mans a month later by a lawsuit, so that the Young Henry could be buried in Normandy as he had desired in his testament.

Tomb and effigy of Henry in Rouen Cathedral
Henry's remains are in Rouen Cathedral, where his tomb is on the opposite side of the altar from the tomb of his younger brother, Richard I of England,[18] with whom he was perpetually quarrelling. The tomb of the Archbishop of Rouen, who had married him to Margaret, lies nearby in the ambulatory. His brothers Richard and John each later became King of England.

Appearance and character

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Henry the Young King.
The physical appearance of Henry at his coronation in 1170 is given in a contemporary court poem written in Latin, where the fifteen-year-old prince is described as being very handsome, "tall but well proportioned, broad-shouldered with a long and elegant neck, pale and freckled skin, bright and wide blue eyes, and a thick mop of the reddish-gold hair".[19]

Henry and Richard were "both tall in stature, rather above the middle size, and of commanding aspect. In courage and magnanimity they were nearly equal; but in the character of their virtues there was great disparity... [Henry] was admirable for gentleness and liberality... had a commendable suavity... commended for his easy temper... remarkable for his clemency... the vile and undeserving found their refuge in [Henry]... was the shield of bad men... was bent on martial sports... bestowed his favours on foreigners... [Henry's] ambition magnanimously compassed the world."[20]

Another description says "He was tall in stature and distinguished in appearance; his face expressed merriment and mature judgment in good measure; fair among the children of men, he was courteous and cheerful. Gracious to all, he was loved by all; amiable to all, he was incapable of making an enemy. He was matchless in warfare, and as he outstripped them all in valour, cordiality, and the outstanding graciousness of his manners, his true generosity, and true integrity...[21]

Cultural depictions
Henry was portrayed by Riggs O'Hara in the 1964 film Becket.
He was also portrayed by Alan Cox (as a young boy), Dominic Savage (as a teenager) and Kevin McNally (as an adult) in the 1978 BBC TV series The Devil's Crown, which dramatised the reigns of his father and brothers.
Genealogical table
vteNorman English and early Plantagenet monarchs and their relationship with rulers of Western Europe[22]
: Red borders indicate English monarchs
: Bold borders indicate legitimate children of English monarchs
See also: Family tree of English monarchs
Baldwin II
King of JerusalemFulk IV
Count of AnjouBertrade of MontfortPhilip I
King of FranceWilliam the Conqueror
King of England
r. 1066–1087Saint Margaret of ScotlandMalcolm III
King of Scotland
Melisende
Queen of JerusalemFulk V
King of JerusalemEremburga of MaineRobert CurthoseWilliam II
King of England
r. 1087–1100Adela of NormandyHenry I
King of England
r. 1100–1135Matilda of ScotlandDuncan II
King of ScotlandEdgar
King of ScotlandAlexander I
King of ScotlandDavid I
King of Scotland
Sibylla of AnjouWilliam ClitoStephen
King of England
r. 1135–1154Geoffrey Plantagenet
Count of AnjouEmpress MatildaWilliam AdelinMatilda of AnjouHenry
of Scotland
Margaret IPhilip of Alsace
Count of FlandersLouis VII
King of FranceEleanor of AquitaineHenry II
King of England
r. 1154–1189Geoffrey
Count of NantesWilliam FitzEmpressMalcolm IV
King of ScotlandWilliam the Lion
King of Scotland
Baldwin I
Latin EmperorIsabella of HainaultPhilip II
King of FranceHenry the Young KingMatilda
Duchess of SaxonyRichard I
King of England
r. 1189–1199Geoffrey II
Duke of BrittanyEleanorAlfonso VIII
King of CastileJoanWilliam II
King of SicilyJohn
King of England
r. 1199–1216
Louis VIII
King of FranceOtto IV
Holy Roman EmperorArthur I
Duke of BrittanyBlanche of Castile
Queen of FranceHenry III
King of England
r. 1216–127Richard of Cornwall
King of the RomansJoan
Queen of ScotlandAlexander II
King of Scotland
Notes
Historians are divided in their use of the terms "Plantagenet" and "Angevin" in regard to Henry II and his sons. Some class Henry II to be the first Plantagenet King of England; others refer to Henry, Richard and John as the Angevin dynasty, and consider Henry III to be the first Plantagenet ruler.
References
Laura Ashe, Chivalry and Kingship, p26-27
Matthew Strickland (2016). Henry the Young King, 1155-1183. Yale University Press. p. 153. ISBN 978-0-300-21551-9.
Strickland, Matthew (2016). Henry the Young King: 1155-1183. New Haven and London: Yale University Press. pp. 89–90.
Georges Duby (1984). Guillaume le Maréchal. Le meilleur chevalier du monde.
Warren, W. L. (1964) [1961]. King John. London: Eyre & Spottiswoode. p. 31.
Warren, W.L, Henry II, (London: Eyre Methuen, 1973), pg.580.
Nempe in ipso adolescentie feruore, ut uiuens mundo fuit solatium, ita moriens uniuerse milicie fuit exitium.
Gervase of Tilbury, Otia imperialia, ed and trans S.E. Banks and J.W. Binns(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002), pg. 487.
Matthew Strickland, Henry the Young King: 1155-1183 (London: Yale University Press, 2016)
Frank Barlow, Thomas Becket, (London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1986), pg.68
Frank Barlow, Thomas Becket, (London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1986), pg.70
Matthew Strickland, Henry the Young King: 1155-1183, (London: Yale University Press,2016), pg.85
W.L Warren, Henry II, (London: Eyre Methuen, 1973), pg.111
The Chronicle of Robert of Torigni, in Chronicles of the Reighns of Stephen, Henry II and Richard I ed R.Howlett, vol 4, pg 207
W. L. Warren, Henry II (Univ. of California Press, 1973) p. 111, note 3
Mesnée is an Old Norman French word, meaning household.
Strickland, Matthew (13 September 2016). Henry the Young King, 1155-1183. Yale University Press. p. 237. ISBN 978-0-300-21955-5.
This tomb contained a lead reliquary, with Richard's heart, that is stored with the treasure of the Cathedral. His body is in the Fontevraud Abbey.
Crouch, David (January 2006). Tournament. Vol. 4. pp. 21–22. ISBN 9781852855314.
Topographia Hibernica by Gerald of Wales
Otia Imperialia of Gervase of Tilbury (c.1145-c.1225)
Turner, Ralph V.; Heiser, Richard R. (2000). The Reign of Richard Lionheart, Ruler of the Angevin empire, 1189–1199. Harlow: Longman. pp. 256–257. ISBN 978-0-582-25659-0.; Seel, Graham E. (2012). King John: An Underrated King. London: Anthem Press. Figure 1. ISBN 978-0-8572-8518-8.
Bibliography
W. L. Warren, Henry II (London, 1973) ISBN 0-520-03494-5
O. H. Moore, The Young King Henry Plantagenet, 1155–83, in History, Literature, and Tradition (Columbus OH, 1925)
G. Duby, William Marshal: the Flower of Chivalry trans. R. Howard (London, 1986)
D. Crouch, William Marshal: Knighthood, War and Chivalry, 1147–1219 (2nd edn, London, 2002)
D. Crouch, Tournament (London, 2005)
L. Diggelmann, 'Marriage as Tactical Response: Henry II and the Royal Wedding of 1160', English Historical Review, CXIX, (2004), pp. 954–64
Seel, Graham E. (2012) King John: An Underrated King. London: Anthem Press. ISBN 978-0-8572-8518-8.
R. J. Smith, 'Henry II's Heir: the Acta and Seal of Henry the Young King, 1170–83'aret of France
Margaret of France (1197).jpg
Junior queen consort of England
Tenure27 August 1172 - 11 June 1183
Coronation27 August 1172 (Winchester Cathedral)
Queen consort of Hungary and Croatia
Tenure1186 - 23 April 1196
Born1158
Died18 September 1197 (of England and Hungary
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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For other people with the same name, see Margaret of France (disambiguation).
Not to be confused with Margaret of France, Queen of England.
Marg

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