(1) He is married to Harwood Long.
They got married in the year 1645 at Newport, Newport, Rhode Island.
Child(ren):
(2) He is married to Lydia Ballou.
They got married in the year 1666.
Child(ren):
[[Category: Founders and Settlers of Rhode Island]]
{{Puritan Great Migration}}'''Please do not attach parents to this profile without discussion. Thank you.'''
== Biography ==
{{Notables Sticker}}{{One Name Study | name = Gardner | category = Rhode Island, Gardner Name Study}}
The origins of George Gardiner are disputed and unproven. See the extended discussion below under Disputed Origins.
We do know that the farmer George Gardiner came to Rhode Island and was admitted an inhabitant of Aquidneck in 1638.See ''Abridged Compendium of American Genealogy'', Vol.1, p.979Citing "Chapin's Doc. History of R. I., II, 117," G. Andrews Moriarty, "The Parentage of George Gardiner of Newport, R. I.," ''The American Genealogist'' 21 (1944):194 (in particular part)[https://familysearch.org/photos/artifacts/11463732 Moriarty online] . In 1639 he was made a Freeman of NewportSee Gardiner-Gardner Genealogy, by Caroline Robinson where he came to hold various town positions.
Richard Cutter's ''New England Families Genealogical and Memorial'' Generally without citations and containing information contrary to more modern accounts, William Richard Cutter, ''New England Families, Genealogical and Memorial: A Record of the Achievements of Her People in the Making of Commonwealths and the Founding of a Nation,'' 3rd series, 4 vols. (1915), 1:28 (in particular part); [http://books.google.com/books?id=1tAUAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA28 digital images (accessed 2014)]. states "The surnames Gardner and Gardiner are identical and the two spellings have been in use by members of the same family for many generations. George Gardner was evidently a man of education. He was admitted an inhabitant of Newport in 1638, and in 1640 was present at a general court of election, and from that time until 1677, when he died, his name is often in the public records. Gardner and Gardener were more common spellings in the earliest records than Gardiner. George Gardner, it is thought, was related to Thomas Gardner, who died in Roxbury, Massachusetts, in November, 1638, and whose grandson, Caleb Gardner, son of his son Thomas, also settled in Newport.
In Cora Dunham Boyd's well-researched ''The American Ancestors and Descendants of Ellen Joanna Peckham and William Henry Bates''Boyd, Cora Dunham, The American Ancestors and Descendants of Ellen Joanna Peckham and William Henry Bates, Manuscript, St Louis, 1928, [https://archive.org/details/americanancestor00boyd/page/n187 p 78-79]; (Data from Austin's Genealogical Dictionary of Rhode Island) (Gen. of Gardiner Family), she relates, "We find George Gardiner at Newport in 1638. Ship ''Fellowship'' [ed. disputed]. Freeman 1641. Constable and Sergeant 1642. Ensign 1644. Commissioner 1662. He married Herodias [sic] Long, deserted wife of John Hicks, whom she had married at fifteen, when they were both living in London. The Hicks came to America, "where he deserted her and took most of her estate with him". She lived about twenty years with her second husband, George Gardiner, and bore him many children, but they finally separated and were divorced and each married again, she marrying John Porter, who had divorced his old wife, Margaret Odding, but was compelled by the Courts to give her a good support. George Gardiner also was made to give Herodias [sic] a good support." In 1928 Ms Boyd opined, "This incident, in which all four of the parties, Gardiners and Porters, we are interested in as ancestors, seems much more of a 20th century than a 17th century tale of Newport marital troubles."
As Ms Boyd writes, about 1640 George Gardner married (first) Horod (Long) Hickes and it should be noted that while many secondary sources call this woman Herodias (the first was Austin's ''Genealogical Dictionary of Rhode Island''), no known actual record has it spelled so. See the profile of [[Long-161|Horod (Harwood) Long]] for more detailed information on her. George Gardner married (second) [[Ballou-73|Lydia Ballou]], daughter of Robert and Susannah Ballou, about 1666.
He passed away in 1677 at Kingston, Rhode Island and is buried at Newport, Rhode Island.{{citation needed}}
== Children ==
with Horod Long
*Benoni - b abt 1644
*Henry - b abt 1645
*George - b 1647
*William - b abt 1650-51
*Nicholas - b abt 1654
*Dorcas - b abt 1656
*Rebecca - b aft 1657
with Lydia Ballou
Note: children with Lydia are under review.
*Samuel - (listed as a possible son in most research, some ascribe him as last child with Horod)
*Joseph - b abt 1669
*Lydia -
*Mary
*Peregrine
*Robert
*Jeremiah
== Disputed Information ==: "The amount of plagiarism in these early genealogy books is truly stunning. I literally read through four or five published works, only to find that biographies had been copied word-for-word from previous texts, with virtually no citation whatsoever. In an effort to not cite superfluous sources, I found the oldest books that were listed in Google Play, and those were the sources I cited from. If you find that these texts have plagiarized older material, please message me with the correct source, and I will update. Thank you." -- [[Brown-7904|Heather Brown]]
=== Disputed Origins ===It has been claimed, without evidence, that George Gardiner, immigrant to Rhode Island, was the same as [[Gardiner-2183|George Gardiner]], baptized 15 Feb. 1599 at Great Greenford, Middlesex, England, son of [[Gardiner-186|Michael Gardiner]] and [[Browne-260|Margaret Browne]]. Also, that he was the same man as [[Gardiner-2183 | George Gardiner]] who married Clerkenwell in 1630 to Sarah Slaughter.
In 1944, G. Andrews Moriarty authored an extended article, "The Parentage of George Gardiner of Newport, R. I." In the article, he identifies a 1937 work by Mrs. Clara Gardner Miller and Mr. John Milton Stanton as an authored work in which George Gardiner/Gardner, immigrant to Rhode Island, is associated as the son of Rev. Michael Gardiner of Great Greenford, co. Middlesex, England The Miller-Stanton work is certainly ''Gardiner-Gardner genealogy, including the English ancestry of George Gardiner, immigrant ancestor of Newport, R.I., & many of his descendants, especially his grandson, Stephen Gardiner of Gardner Lake, Connecticut'' (1937); [http://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/005731098 digital images of which are accessible via Hathi Trust]. (about whom the authors further attribute an extended ancestral line).Moriarty references Henry Sewell Webster, "No. 2. Gardiner, Maine, Historical Series, Silvester Gardiner" (1913) as an earlier work riddled with oversights about the Rhode Island immigrant--facts that may have "originated with an outstanding genealogical romancer, the late Col. Asa Bird Gardiner of New York City"; all from G. Andrews Moriarty, "The Parentage of George Gardiner of Newport, R. I.," ''The American Genealogist'' 21 (1944):193-194 (in particular part). Moriarty overviews what is known about Rev. Michael Gardiner of Great Greenford and his family. He separately overviews the extant records about George Gardiner of Newport, concluding with (emphasis added)
:"… until more evidence, both of a positive and negative nature is forthcoming, '''no critical genealogist can accept''' the identification of George Gardiner, son of Rev. Michael Gardner, with George Gardiner of Newport, as proved."
Some of Moriarty's noteworthy findings are:
# Lack of records to support a conclusion that George Gardiner of Newport was born early enough to have been baptized 15 February 1599[/1600],Citing "ancient Register" of the "Church of Great Greenford in Middlesex County," Clara Gardner Miller and John Milton Stanton, ''Gardiner-Gardner genealogy, including the English ancestry of George Gardiner, immigrant ancestor of Newport, R.I., & many of his descendants, especially his grandson, Stephen Gardiner of Gardner Lake, Connecticut'' (1937), 15; digital images, [http://hdl.handle.net/2027/wu.89066147604?urlappend=%3Bseq=27 ''Hathi Trust'' (accessed 2014)]. the son of Rev. Michael Gardiner and his wife Margaret. #Reasoning to suggest George Gardiner of Newport was unlikely "born prior at earliest to 1604 or 1605" and more likely that he was born "between 1608 or 1609 and 1615," of which "the latter date deems the more probable." #Lack of information to suggest that George Gardiner of "Newport had wife Sarah, prior to his going to live with Herodias." This includes "no evidence of the subsequent life of [[Slaughter-130|Sarah Slaughter]]" and/or her death at New England. #Lack of information about "George Gardiner of Clerkenwell" prior to the time he married Sarah Slaughter." This marriage reported at St. James Parish Church, Clerkenwell, London, March 29, 1630.Clara Gardner Miller and John Milton Stanton, ''Gardiner-Gardner genealogy, including the English ancestry of George Gardiner, immigrant ancestor of Newport, R.I., & many of his descendants, especially his grandson, Stephen Gardiner of Gardner Lake, Connecticut'' (1937), 23; digital images, [http://hdl.handle.net/2027/wu.89066147604?urlappend=%3Bseq=35 ''Hathi Trust'' (accessed 2014)]. Referencing parish register of St. James Clerkenwell, Moriarty notes the burial "on 29 Oct. 1657, Rebecca, daughter of George Gardiner,"Citing "Am. Gen., April 1938, pp. 244, 246," G. Andrews Moriarty, "The Parentage of George Gardiner of Newport, R. I.," ''The American Genealogist'' 21 (1944):199-200. explaining further that "No attempt is made to show who this George Gardiner was and, consequently, the presumption is that he may be the same George Gardiner" who had earlier married [[Slaughter-130|Sarah Slaughter]]. By the time of that burial (1657), George Gardiner of Rhode Island had been in the colonies almost 20 years.
Moriarty's findings and conclusion begs the question as to what historical discovery has unfolded since 1944 by which George Gardiner of Newport, Rhode Island, could be associated as the son of this Rev. Michael?
Other conflicts are found in the profile vitals and narrative, some of which probably relate to the contested items above. These conflicts include (a) variations in his reported birth (b) one baptismal date reported prior to two different reports of his birth; (c) difference in dates of death in vitals and narrative entries.
=== Disputed Wife [[Slaughter-130|Sarah Slaughter]] ===
One George Gardiner married in Clerkenwell, London, England, 29 March 1630 a Sarah Slaughter.Clara Gardner Miller and John Milton Stanton, ''Gardiner-Gardner genealogy, including the English ancestry of George Gardiner, immigrant ancestor of Newport, R.I., & many of his descendants, especially his grandson, Stephen Gardiner of Gardner Lake, Connecticut'' (1937), 23; digital images, [http://hdl.handle.net/2027/wu.89066147604?urlappend=%3Bseq=35 ''Hathi Trust'' (accessed 2014)].
According to G. Andrews Moriarty, Sarah Slaughter's husband, George Gardiner, can not yet be proven as the man by that name who was the son of [[Gardiner-186 | Rev. Michael Gardiner]]. Nor can Sarah's husband be proven as the [[Gardiner-38 | George Gardiner]] who immigrated Rhode Island.
=== Disputed Wife Susan Hazzard ===
In 1943, G. Andrews Moriarty dedicated a full article to Susanna, the first wife of George Gardiner,G. Andrews Moriarty, "The wife of George Gardiner of Narragasett," ''The American Genealogist'' 20 (1943):202-207. She was identified in the article as '''[[Hazard-176|Susanna Hazard]], but the wife of [[Gardiner-378|George^3 Gardiner]] (Nicholas^2, George^1).'''
== Sources ==
See also:* G. Andrews Moriarty, "Herodias (Long) Hicks-Gardiner-Porter: A tale of old Newport," ''Rhode Island History'' IX (July 1952):84-92.
* ''Gardner History & Genealogy'' by Lillian May and Charles Morris Gardner
* Miller, Clara Gardner & Stanton, John Milton, [https://archive.org/details/gardinergardnerg00mill/page/n9 ''Gardiner-Gardner Genealogy: including the English Anscetry of George Gardiner, immigrant ancestor of Newport, RI., and many of his Descendants, especially his grandson, Stephen Gardner of Gardner Lake, Connecticut;''] Rutland, VT, printed by the Tuttle Publishing Co., 1937. Biography of George Gardiner and Horod Long. [https://archive.org/details/gardinergardnerg00mill/page/22/search/George+Gardiner Pages 23-32.]
* Robinson, Caroline E. [[Space:The Gardiners of Narragansett|The Gardiners of Narragansett]] (Providence, Rhode Island, 1919). Pages 1-2.
* "Gardner Y-DNA Project - Y-DNA Classic Chart," ''FamilyTree DNA'' ([https://www.familytreedna.com/public/GardnerGarner/default.aspx?section=yresults click here] : accessed 19 July 2014.) This information changes over time, project pages ("About this Group" > "[https://www.familytreedna.com/public/GardnerGarner/default.aspx?section=results Results]") reports that as of July 2012, there were "over 180 Y-DNA Profiles and over 17 distinct groups (matching clusters)."
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Gardiner_(settler) Wikipedia Entry for George Gardiner]
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=ylRMAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA149&lpg=PA149&dq=stephen+gardiner+1667+1743&source=bl&ots=deR7Rf1ABk&sig=mNC3sq-fZIrz5PIHbjzakB02HhA&hl=en&sa=X&ei=gqbXVPbXAY3loAS-voCgDw&ved=0CCMQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=stephen%20gardiner%201667%201743&f=false Gardner History and Genealogy], by Lillian May Stickney Gardner and Charles Morris Gardner. Erie Printing Company, 1907. page 29.
* [https://archive.org/details/ancestorsdescend00gard Ancestors and descendants of Daniel Gardner V. and Mary (Hodges) Gardner, late of Champaign, Illinois : with other Gardner and Hodges records and historical and biographical notes], 1915. Pages 10, 34.
* Query of ''FamilySearch'' Historical Collections on 19 July 2014 for name George (exact) Gardiner (and variants), born 1590 to 1620, limited further for "births..." (type) with England as location; returns 162 entries [https://familysearch.org/search/record/results?count=75&query=%2Bgivenname%3AGeorge%20%2Bsurname%3AGardiner~%20%2Brecord_country%3AEngland%20%2Bbirth_year%3A1590-1620~%20%2Brecord_type%3A(0)&offset=150 (click here)], most/all being indexed entries. Results from this query will change over time. Returns include some duplicates; FamilySearch Collection not representative as to all English records of this type. Given restriction as to record type, location and given name, results would not be inclusive as to records about different countries and continents, nor variant given name spellings. Still other approaches to a record survey would be necessary to locate possible associations from entries in extant collections concerning estates, courts, burials, etc.
* The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints and [https://familysearch.org/learn/wiki/en/Community_Trees_Project partners], "Rev. Michael Gardiner"; [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KN4S-Y2T online family profile, ''FamilySearch Community Trees'' (accessed 2021)]. Reports a son George Gardiner.
* Unsuccessful search for ''Fellowship,'' purported passage from Bristol, England, arriving Boston, 29 June 1637. Information associating the Rhode Island immigrant was published (a) in an editor's note to Caroline E. Robinson [and Daniel Goodwin], ''The Gardiners of Narragansett ...'' (1919), [https://archive.org/stream/gardinersofnarra00robi#page/201/mode/1up page 201], citing Henry Sewall Webster, "No. 2, Gardiner, Me, Historical Series, Silvester Gardiner," apparently further referencing research of "Hon. Asa Bird Gardiner, of New York City"; (b) Clara Gardner Miller and John Milton Stanton, ''Gardiner-Gardner genealogy ...'' (1937), [http://hdl.handle.net/2027/wu.89066147604?urlappend=%3Bseq=35 p. 23], referencing "C. E. Robinson." Critical comment regarding this purported passage published in G. Andrews Moriarty, "The Parentage of George Gardiner of Newport, R. I.," ''The American Genealogist'' 21 (1944):191-200; digital images, ''AmericanAncestors.org'' (accessed 2014), therein "No reference of authority for [this statement] is given. The name of George Gardiner does not appear in the Shipping Lists preserved in the Public Record Office at London and printed, almost seventy years ago, by Hotten. [George] does not appear in the late Col. Banks's 'Planters of the Comonwealth" or in the latter's Topographical Dictionary of 2,885 English emigrants to leave England 1620-1650." Author goes on to report no entry about George found in Winthrop's Journal. Independent WikiTree-er search for the claimed 1637 passage found no report at ''Olive Tree Genealogy,'' "[http://www.olivetreegenealogy.com/ships/nengships1620-1640.shtml Passenger Ships to New England, Virginia & Barbadoes from England,]" citing "The Complete Book of Emigrants, 1607-1776"; a later (1640) entry regarding the ''Fellowship'' and from Bristol there appears.
* Shotwell, Ambrose. ''[[Space:Annals of Our Colonial Ancestors and Their Descendants|Annals of Our Colonial Ancestors and Their Descendants]]'' (Robert Smith & Co., Lansing, Mich., 1897) [https://books.google.com/books?id=QLpRAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA27 Page 27]
* http://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~rigenweb/gardiner.html
External link: https://www.WikiTree.com/wiki/Gardiner-38
George Gardiner | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(1) 1645 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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(2) 1666 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Lydia Ballou | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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