Todd's of Scotland » Andrew Graham Murray (1849-1942)

Christening day December 21, 1849

• The temperature on December 21, 1849 was about 0.0 °C. Wind direction mainly northeast. Weather type: betrokken. Source: KNMI
•  This page is only available in Dutch.
  De Republiek der Verenigde Nederlanden werd in 1794-1795 door de Fransen veroverd onder leiding van bevelhebber Charles Pichegru (geholpen door de Nederlander Herman Willem Daendels); de verovering werd vergemakkelijkt door het dichtvriezen van de Waterlinie; Willem V moest op 18 januari 1795 uitwijken naar Engeland (en van daaruit in 1801 naar Duitsland); de patriotten namen de macht over van de aristocratische regenten en proclameerden de Bataafsche Republiek; op 16 mei 1795 werd het Haags Verdrag gesloten, waarmee ons land een vazalstaat werd van Frankrijk; in 3.1796 kwam er een Nationale Vergadering; in 1798 pleegde Daendels een staatsgreep, die de unitarissen aan de macht bracht; er kwam een nieuwe grondwet, die een Vertegenwoordigend Lichaam (met een Eerste en Tweede Kamer) instelde en als regering een Directoire; in 1799 sloeg Daendels bij Castricum een Brits-Russische invasie af; in 1801 kwam er een nieuwe grondwet; bij de Vrede van Amiens (1802) kreeg ons land van Engeland zijn koloniën terug (behalve Ceylon); na de grondwetswijziging van 1805 kwam er een raadpensionaris als eenhoofdig gezag, namelijk Rutger Jan Schimmelpenninck (van 31 oktober 1761 tot 25 maart 1825).
• From November 21, 1848 till November 1, 1849 the Netherlands had a cabinet De Kempenaer - Donker Curtius with the prime ministers Mr. J.M. de Kempenaer (conservatief-liberaal) and Mr. D. Donker Curtius (conservatief-liberaal).
• In The Netherlands , there was from November 1, 1849 to April 19, 1853 the cabinet Thorbecke I, with Mr. J.R. Thorbecke (liberaal) as prime minister.
• In the year 1849: Source: Wikipedia
  • The Netherlands had about 3.1 million citizens.
  • January 13 » Second Anglo-Sikh War – Battle of Chillianwala: British forces retreat from the Sikhs.
  • January 23 » Elizabeth Blackwell is awarded her M.D. by the Geneva Medical College of Geneva, New York, becoming the United States' first female doctor.
  • February 28 » Regular steamship service from the east to the west coast of the United States begins with the arrival of the SSCalifornia in San Francisco Bay, four months 22 days after leaving New York Harbor.
  • May 15 » The Sicilian revolution of 1848 is finally extinguished.
  • August 1 » Joven Daniel wrecks at the coast of Araucanía, Chile, leading to allegations that local Mapuche tribes murdered survivors and kidnapped Elisa Bravo.
  • August 22 » The first air raid in history. Austria launches pilotless balloons against the city of Venice.

Day of marriage July 12, 1923

• The temperature on July 12, 1923 was between 18.9 °C and 34.6 °C and averaged 26.5 °C. There was 13.4 hours of sunshine (82%). The average windspeed was 3 Bft (moderate breeze) and was prevailing from the south east. Source: KNMI
• Koningin Wilhelmina (Huis van Oranje-Nassau) was from 1890 till 1948 sovereign of the Netherlands (also known as Koninkrijk der Nederlanden)
• In The Netherlands , there was from September 19, 1922 to August 4, 1925 the cabinet Ruys de Beerenbrouck II, with Jonkheer mr. Ch.J.M. Ruys de Beerenbrouck (RKSP) as prime minister.
• In the year 1923: Source: Wikipedia
  • The Netherlands had about 7.1 million citizens.
  • February 10 » Texas Tech University is founded as Texas Technological College in Lubbock, Texas
  • April 28 » Wembley Stadium is opened, named initially as the Empire Stadium.
  • June 27 » Capt. Lowell H. Smith and Lt. John P. Richter perform the first ever aerial refueling in a DH.4B biplane.
  • September 29 » The First American Track & Field championships for women are held.
  • October 16 » The Walt Disney Company is founded.
  • October 22 » The royalist Leonardopoulos–Gargalidis coup d'état attempt fails in Greece, discrediting the monarchy and paving the way for the establishment of the Second Hellenic Republic.

Day of death August 21, 1942

• The temperature on August 21, 1942 was between 10.6 °C and 21.3 °C and averaged 16.4 °C. There was 11.2 hours of sunshine (78%). The average windspeed was 3 Bft (moderate breeze) and was prevailing from the south. Source: KNMI
• Koningin Wilhelmina (Huis van Oranje-Nassau) was from 1890 till 1948 sovereign of the Netherlands (also known as Koninkrijk der Nederlanden)
• In The Netherlands , there was from July 27, 1941 to February 23, 1945 the cabinet Gerbrandy II, with Prof. dr. P.S. Gerbrandy (ARP) as prime minister.
• In the year 1942: Source: Wikipedia
  • The Netherlands had about 9.0 million citizens.
  • February 8 » World War II: Japan invades Singapore.
  • May 12 » World War II: Second Battle of Kharkov: In eastern Ukraine, Red Army forces under Marshal Semyon Timoshenko launch a major offensive from the Izium bridgehead, only to be encircled and destroyed by the troops of Army Group South two weeks later.
  • September 12 » World War II: RMS Laconia, carrying civilians, Allied soldiers and Italian POWs is torpedoed off the coast of West Africa and sinks with a heavy loss of life.
  • September 21 » The Holocaust in Poland: At the end of Yom Kippur, Germans order Jews to permanently move from Konstantynów to Biała Podlaska.
  • December 15 » World War II: The Battle of Mount Austen, the Galloping Horse, and the Sea Horse begins during the Guadalcanal Campaign.
  • December 16 » The Holocaust: Schutzstaffel chief Heinrich Himmler orders that Roma candidates for extermination be deported to Auschwitz.

Source: Wikipedia

• 1935 » John Hartley, English tennis player (b. 1849)
• 1940 » Ernest Thayer, American poet and author (b. 1863)
• 1940 » Hermann Obrecht, Swiss lawyer and politician (b. 1882)
• 1940 » Leon Trotsky, Russian theorist and politician, founded the Red Army (b. 1879)
• 1943 » Henrik Pontoppidan, Danish journalist and author, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1857)
• 1947 » Ettore Bugatti, Italian-French engineer and businessman, founded Bugatti (b. 1881)