Sibling Greetje Berens' genealogy network f k a Emsland Buckwheat Farmers Immigration » Jan Klaas Botter Fik (1799-1877)

Day of marriage June 13, 1818

• The temperature on June 13, 1818 was about 21.0 °C. Wind direction mainly east-southeast. Weather type: half bewolkt omtrent helder. Source: KNMI
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  De Republiek der Verenigde Nederlanden werd in 1794-1795 door de Fransen veroverd onder leiding van bevelhebber Charles Pichegru (geholpen door de Nederlander Herman Willem Daendels); de verovering werd vergemakkelijkt door het dichtvriezen van de Waterlinie; Willem V moest op 18 januari 1795 uitwijken naar Engeland (en van daaruit in 1801 naar Duitsland); de patriotten namen de macht over van de aristocratische regenten en proclameerden de Bataafsche Republiek; op 16 mei 1795 werd het Haags Verdrag gesloten, waarmee ons land een vazalstaat werd van Frankrijk; in 3.1796 kwam er een Nationale Vergadering; in 1798 pleegde Daendels een staatsgreep, die de unitarissen aan de macht bracht; er kwam een nieuwe grondwet, die een Vertegenwoordigend Lichaam (met een Eerste en Tweede Kamer) instelde en als regering een Directoire; in 1799 sloeg Daendels bij Castricum een Brits-Russische invasie af; in 1801 kwam er een nieuwe grondwet; bij de Vrede van Amiens (1802) kreeg ons land van Engeland zijn koloniën terug (behalve Ceylon); na de grondwetswijziging van 1805 kwam er een raadpensionaris als eenhoofdig gezag, namelijk Rutger Jan Schimmelpenninck (van 31 oktober 1761 tot 25 maart 1825).
• In the year 1818: Source: Wikipedia
  • February 12 » Bernardo O'Higgins formally approves the Chilean Declaration of Independence near Concepción, Chile.
  • April 16 » The United States Senate ratifies the Rush–Bagot Treaty, limiting naval armaments on the Great Lakes and Lake Champlain.
  • April 20 » The case of Ashford v Thornton ends, with Abraham Thornton allowed to go free rather than face a retrial for murder, after his demand for trial by battle is upheld.
  • July 29 » French physicist Augustin Fresnel submits his prizewinning "Memoir on the Diffraction of Light", precisely accounting for the limited extent to which light spreads into shadows, and thereby demolishing the oldest objection to the wave theory of light.
  • December 13 » Cyril VI of Constantinople resigns from his position as Ecumenical Patriarch.
  • December 24 » The first performance of "Silent Night" takes place in the church of St. Nikolaus in Oberndorf, Austria.

Day of death March 4, 1877

• The temperature on March 4, 1877 was about 5.5 °C. There was 4 mm of rain. The air pressure was 1 kgf/m² and came mainly from the southwest. The airpressure was 76 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 100%. Source: KNMI
• Koning Willem III (Huis van Oranje-Nassau) was from 1849 till 1890 sovereign of the Netherlands (also known as Koninkrijk der Nederlanden)
• From August 27, 1874 till November 3, 1877 the Netherlands had a cabinet Heemskerk - Van Lijnden van Sandenburg with the prime ministers Mr. J. Heemskerk Azn. (conservatief) and Mr. C.Th. baron Van Lijnden van Sandenburg (AR).
• In The Netherlands , there was from November 3, 1877 to August 20, 1879 the cabinet Kappeijne van de Coppello, with Mr. J. Kappeijne van de Coppello (liberaal) as prime minister.
• In the year 1877: Source: Wikipedia
  • The Netherlands had about 4.0 million citizens.
  • March 15 » First ever official cricket test match is played: Australia vs England at the MCG Stadium, in Melbourne, Australia.
  • May 5 » American Indian Wars: Sitting Bull leads his band of Lakota into Canada to avoid harassment by the United States Army under Colonel Nelson Miles.
  • May 16 » The 16 May 1877 crisis occurs in France, ending with the dissolution of the National Assembly 22 June and affirming the interpretation of the Constitution of 1875 as a parliamentary rather than presidential system. The elections held in October 1877 led to the defeat of the royalists as a formal political movement in France.
  • September 5 » American Indian Wars: Oglala Sioux chief Crazy Horse is bayoneted by a United States soldier after resisting confinement in a guardhouse at Fort Robinson in Nebraska.
  • November 21 » Thomas Edison announces his invention of the phonograph, a machine that can record and play sound.
  • November 24 » Anna Sewell's animal welfare novel Black Beauty is published.

Source: Wikipedia

• 1858 » Matthew C. Perry, American naval commander (b. 1794)
• 1864 » Thomas Starr King, American minister and politician (b. 1824)
• 1866 » Alexander Campbell, Irish-American minister and theologian (b. 1788)
• 1872 » Carsten Hauch, Danish poet and playwright (b. 1790)
• 1883 » Alexander H. Stephens, American lawyer and politician, Vice President of the Confederate States of America (b. 1812)
• 1888 » Amos Bronson Alcott, American philosopher and educator (b. 1799)