The temperature on June 30, 1870 was about 18.3 °C. The air pressure was 1 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the west-northwest. The airpressure was 76 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 58%. Source: KNMI
From June 4, 1868 till January 4, 1871 the Netherlands had a cabinet Van Bosse - Fock with the prime ministers Mr. P.P. van Bosse (liberaal) and Mr. C. Fock (liberaal).
January 10 » John D. Rockefeller incorporates Standard Oil.
February 15 » Stevens Institute of Technology is founded in New Jersey, USA and offers the first Bachelor of Engineering degree in Mechanical Engineering.
August 2 » Tower Subway, the world's first underground tube railway, opens in London, England, United Kingdom.
September 6 » Louisa Ann Swain of Laramie, Wyoming becomes the first woman in the United States to cast a vote legally after 1807.
September 20 » The Bersaglieri corps enter Rome through the Porta Pia, and complete the unification of Italy.
October 27 » Franco-Prussian War: Marshal Bazaine surrenders to Prussian forces at the conclusion of the Siege of Metz along with 140,000 French soldiers.
Day of marriage September 17, 1899
The temperature on September 17, 1899 was about 15.7 °C. The airpressure was 75 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 87%. Source: KNMI
March 6 » Bayer registers "Aspirin" as a trademark.
June 12 » New Richmond tornado: The eighth deadliest tornado in U.S. history kills 117 people and injures around 200.
July 26 » Ulises Heureaux, the 27th President of the Dominican Republic, is assassinated.
November 2 » The Boers begin their 118-day siege of British-held Ladysmith during the Second Boer War.
December 2 » Philippine–American War: The Battle of Tirad Pass, termed "The Filipino Thermopylae", is fought.
December 11 » Second Boer War: In the Battle of Magersfontein the Boers commanded by general Piet Cronjé inflict a defeat on the forces of the British Empire commanded by Lord Methuen trying to relieve the Siege of Kimberley.
Day of death June 29, 1943
The temperature on June 29, 1943 was between 11.6 °C and 17.4 °C and averaged 14.1 °C. There was 0.1 mm of rain. The average windspeed was 3 Bft (moderate breeze) and was prevailing from the north-northwest. Source: KNMI
In The Netherlands , there was from July 27, 1941 to February 23, 1945 the cabinet Gerbrandy II, with Prof. dr. P.S. Gerbrandy (ARP) as prime minister.
February 3 » The SSDorchester is sunk by a German U-boat. Only 230 of 902 men aboard survive.
April 8 » U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt, in an attempt to check inflation, freezes wages and prices, prohibits workers from changing jobs unless the war effort would be aided thereby, and bars rate increases by common carriers and public utilities.
May 17 » World War II: Dambuster Raids commence by No. 617 Squadron RAF.
May 22 » Joseph Stalin disbands the Comintern.
June 24 » US military police attempt to arrest a black soldier in Bamber Bridge, England, sparking the Battle of Bamber Bridge mutiny that leaves one dead and seven wounded.
October 21 » World War II: The Provisional Government of Free India is formally established in Japanese-occupied Singapore.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Dirk Zwinderman, "Family tree Zwinderman", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/stamboom-zwinderman/I5058.php : accessed February 22, 2026), "Emarentina Elisabeth Volckmann (1870-1943)".
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