The temperature on January 2, 1848 was about -2.0 °C. Wind direction mainly east-southeast. Weather type: betrokken. Source: KNMI
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De Republiek der Verenigde Nederlanden werd in 1794-1795 door de Fransen veroverd onder leiding van bevelhebber Charles Pichegru (geholpen door de Nederlander Herman Willem Daendels); de verovering werd vergemakkelijkt door het dichtvriezen van de Waterlinie; Willem V moest op 18 januari 1795 uitwijken naar Engeland (en van daaruit in 1801 naar Duitsland); de patriotten namen de macht over van de aristocratische regenten en proclameerden de Bataafsche Republiek; op 16 mei 1795 werd het Haags Verdrag gesloten, waarmee ons land een vazalstaat werd van Frankrijk; in 3.1796 kwam er een Nationale Vergadering; in 1798 pleegde Daendels een staatsgreep, die de unitarissen aan de macht bracht; er kwam een nieuwe grondwet, die een Vertegenwoordigend Lichaam (met een Eerste en Tweede Kamer) instelde en als regering een Directoire; in 1799 sloeg Daendels bij Castricum een Brits-Russische invasie af; in 1801 kwam er een nieuwe grondwet; bij de Vrede van Amiens (1802) kreeg ons land van Engeland zijn koloniën terug (behalve Ceylon); na de grondwetswijziging van 1805 kwam er een raadpensionaris als eenhoofdig gezag, namelijk Rutger Jan Schimmelpenninck (van 31 oktober 1761 tot 25 maart 1825).
From November 21, 1848 till November 1, 1849 the Netherlands had a cabinet De Kempenaer - Donker Curtius with the prime ministers Mr. J.M. de Kempenaer (conservatief-liberaal) and Mr. D. Donker Curtius (conservatief-liberaal).
January 12 » The Palermo rising takes place in Sicily against the Bourbon Kingdom of the Two Sicilies.
February 21 » Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels publish The Communist Manifesto.
March 4 » Carlo Alberto di Savoia signs the Statuto Albertino that will later represent the first constitution of the Regno d'Italia.
July 19 » Women's rights: A two-day Women's Rights Convention opens in Seneca Falls, New York.
September 13 » Vermont railroad worker Phineas Gage survives an iron rod 1⁄4 inches (3.2cm) in diameter being driven through his brain; the reported effects on his behavior and personality stimulate discussion of the nature of the brain and its functions.
December 5 » California Gold Rush: In a message to the United States Congress, U.S. President James K. Polk confirms that large amounts of gold had been discovered in California.
Day of marriage December 5, 1881
The temperature on December 5, 1881 was about 3.2 °C. There was 2 mm of rain. The air pressure was 1 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the south-southeast. The airpressure was 77 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 94%. Source: KNMI
In The Netherlands , there was from August 20, 1879 to April 23, 1883 the cabinet Van Lijnden van Sandenburg, with Mr. C.Th. baron Van Lijnden van Sandenburg (conservatief-AR) as prime minister.
January 25 » Thomas Edison and Alexander Graham Bell form the Oriental Telephone Company.
February 16 » The Canadian Pacific Railway is incorporated by Act of Parliament at Ottawa (44th Vic., c.1).
June 29 » In Sudan, Muhammad Ahmad declares himself to be the Mahdi, the messianic redeemer of Islam.
July 14 » Billy the Kid is shot and killed by Pat Garrett outside Fort Sumner.
September 19 » U.S. President James A. Garfield dies of wounds suffered in a July 2 shooting. Vice President Chester A. Arthur becomes President upon Garfield's death.
October 13 » First known conversation in modern Hebrew by Eliezer Ben-Yehuda and friends.
Day of death April 28, 1903
The temperature on April 28, 1903 was between 5.6 °C and 12.3 °C and averaged 8.6 °C. There was 2.0 hours of sunshine (14%). Source: KNMI
April 19 » The Kishinev pogrom in Kishinev (Bessarabia) begins, forcing tens of thousands of Jews to later seek refuge in Palestine and the Western world.
April 29 » A landslide kills 70 people in Frank, in the District of Alberta, Canada.
June 16 » Roald Amundsen leaves Oslo, Norway, to commence the first east–west navigation of the Northwest Passage.
July 20 » The Ford Motor Company ships its first automobile.
October 6 » The High Court of Australia sits for the first time.
December 16 » Taj Mahal Palace & Tower hotel in Bombay first opens its doors to guests.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Harry Westerman, "Family tree Westerman", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/stamboom-westerman/I195.php : accessed February 14, 2026), "Tammo Emmelkamp (1848-1903)".
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