The temperature on March 9, 1878 was about 6.3 °C. There was 0.1 mm of rain. The air pressure was 4 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the west-northwest. The airpressure was 76 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 42%. Source: KNMI
In The Netherlands , there was from November 3, 1877 to August 20, 1879 the cabinet Kappeijne van de Coppello, with Mr. J. Kappeijne van de Coppello (liberaal) as prime minister.
June 10 » League of Prizren is established, to oppose the decisions of the Congress of Berlin and the Treaty of San Stefano, as a consequence of which the Albanian lands in the Balkans were being partitioned and given to the neighbor states of Serbia, Montenegro, Bulgaria, and Greece.
July 1 » Canada joins the Universal Postal Union.
July 13 » Treaty of Berlin: The European powers redraw the map of the Balkans. Serbia, Montenegro and Romania become completely independent of the Ottoman Empire.
November 17 » First assassination attempt against Umberto I of Italy by anarchist Giovanni Passannante, who was armed with a dagger. The King survived with a slight wound in an arm. Prime Minister Benedetto Cairoli blocked the aggressor, receiving an injury in a leg.
December 18 » The Al-Thani family become the rulers of the state of Qatar.
December 31 » Karl Benz, working in Mannheim, Germany, filed for a patent on his first reliable two-stroke gas engine, and he was granted the patent in 1879.
Day of marriage April 23, 1903
The temperature on April 23, 1903 was between 1.5 °C and 4.1 °C and averaged 3.3 °C. Source: KNMI
January 4 » Topsy, an elephant, is electrocuted by the owners of Luna Park, Coney Island. The Edison film company records the film Electrocuting an Elephant of Topsy's death.
January 17 » El Yunque National Forest in Puerto Rico becomes part of the United States National Forest System as the Luquillo Forest Reserve.
February 14 » The United States Department of Commerce and Labor is established (later split into the Department of Commerce and the Department of Labor).
April 29 » A landslide kills 70 people in Frank, in the District of Alberta, Canada.
August 29 » The Slava, the last of the five Borodino-class battleships, is launched.
October 1 » Baseball: The Boston Americans play the Pittsburgh Pirates in the first game of the modern World Series.
Day of death February 13, 1955
The temperature on February 13, 1955 was between -6.8 °C and 0.9 °C and averaged -1.4 °C. There was 2.3 hours of sunshine (23%). The partly clouded was. The average windspeed was 3 Bft (moderate breeze) and was prevailing from the north-northeast. Source: KNMI
April 12 » The polio vaccine, developed by Dr. Jonas Salk, is declared safe and effective.
May 9 » Cold War: West Germany joins NATO.
May 18 » Operation Passage to Freedom, the evacuation of 310,000 Vietnamese civilians, soldiers and non-Vietnamese members of the French Army from communist North Vietnam to South Vietnam following the end of the First Indochina War, ends.
June 11 » Eighty-three spectators are killed and at least 100 are injured after an Austin-Healey and a Mercedes-Benz collide at the 24 Hours of Le Mans, the deadliest ever accident in motorsports.
October 29 » The Soviet battleshipNovorossiysk strikes a World War II mine in the harbor at Sevastopol.
November 19 » National Review publishes its first issue.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: J.J. Top, "Family tree Familie Top", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/stamboom-top/I1407.php : accessed February 23, 2026), "Jan TOP (1878-1955)".
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