Family tree M. Tolsma » Charl François Pienaar (1858-1916)

Christening day March 7, 1858

• The temperature on March 7, 1858 was about 3.3 °C. There was 0.5 mm of rain. The air pressure was 13 kgf/m² and came mainly from the west-northwest. The airpressure was 74 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 56%. Source: KNMI
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  De Republiek der Verenigde Nederlanden werd in 1794-1795 door de Fransen veroverd onder leiding van bevelhebber Charles Pichegru (geholpen door de Nederlander Herman Willem Daendels); de verovering werd vergemakkelijkt door het dichtvriezen van de Waterlinie; Willem V moest op 18 januari 1795 uitwijken naar Engeland (en van daaruit in 1801 naar Duitsland); de patriotten namen de macht over van de aristocratische regenten en proclameerden de Bataafsche Republiek; op 16 mei 1795 werd het Haags Verdrag gesloten, waarmee ons land een vazalstaat werd van Frankrijk; in 3.1796 kwam er een Nationale Vergadering; in 1798 pleegde Daendels een staatsgreep, die de unitarissen aan de macht bracht; er kwam een nieuwe grondwet, die een Vertegenwoordigend Lichaam (met een Eerste en Tweede Kamer) instelde en als regering een Directoire; in 1799 sloeg Daendels bij Castricum een Brits-Russische invasie af; in 1801 kwam er een nieuwe grondwet; bij de Vrede van Amiens (1802) kreeg ons land van Engeland zijn koloniën terug (behalve Ceylon); na de grondwetswijziging van 1805 kwam er een raadpensionaris als eenhoofdig gezag, namelijk Rutger Jan Schimmelpenninck (van 31 oktober 1761 tot 25 maart 1825).
• In The Netherlands , there was from July 1, 1856 to March 18, 1858 the cabinet Van der Brugghen, with Mr. J.L.L. van der Brugghen (protestant) as prime minister.
• From March 18, 1858 till February 23, 1860 the Netherlands had a cabinet Rochussen - Van Bosse with the prime ministers J.J. Rochussen (conservatief-liberaal) and Mr. P.P. van Bosse (liberaal).
• In the year 1858: Source: Wikipedia
  • The Netherlands had about 3.3 million citizens.
  • April 10 » After the original Big Ben, a 14.5 tonnes (32,000lb) bell for the Palace of Westminster, had cracked during testing, it is recast into the current 13.76 tonnes (30,300lb) bell by Whitechapel Bell Foundry.
  • April 16 » The Wernerian Natural History Society, a former Scottish learned society, is wound up.
  • May 11 » Minnesota is admitted as the 32nd state of the United States.
  • June 18 » Charles Darwin receives a paper from Alfred Russel Wallace that includes nearly identical conclusions about evolution as Darwin's own, prompting Darwin to publish his theory.
  • July 29 » United States and Japan sign the Harris Treaty.
  • August 5 » Cyrus West Field and others complete the first transatlantic telegraph cable after several unsuccessful attempts. It will operate for less than a month.

Day of marriage July 16, 1883

• The temperature on July 16, 1883 was about 12.5 °C. There was 11 mm of rain. The air pressure was 2 kgf/m² and came mainly from the west-northwest. The airpressure was 76 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 88%. Source: KNMI
• Koning Willem III (Huis van Oranje-Nassau) was from 1849 till 1890 sovereign of the Netherlands (also known as Koninkrijk der Nederlanden)
• In The Netherlands , there was from August 20, 1879 to April 23, 1883 the cabinet Van Lijnden van Sandenburg, with Mr. C.Th. baron Van Lijnden van Sandenburg (conservatief-AR) as prime minister.
• In The Netherlands , there was from April 23, 1884 to April 21, 1888 the cabinet Heemskerk, with Mr. J. Heemskerk Azn. (conservatief) as prime minister.
• In the year 1883: Source: Wikipedia
  • The Netherlands had about 4.5 million citizens.
  • March 28 » Tonkin Campaign: French victory in the Battle of Gia Cuc.
  • June 16 » The Victoria Hall theatre panic in Sunderland, England, kills 183 children.
  • July 10 » War of the Pacific: Chileans led by Alejandro Gorostiaga defeat Andrés Avelino Cáceres's Peruvuan army at the Battle of Huamachuco, hastening the end of the war.
  • November 30 » The style of western calendar, Common Era is conveyed to Joseon (Early-Modern Korean kingdom]].
  • December 16 » Tonkin Campaign: French forces capture the Sơn Tây citadel.
  • December 21 » The Royal Canadian Dragoons and The Royal Canadian Regiment, the first Permanent Force cavalry and infantry regiments of the Canadian Army, are formed.

Day of death March 20, 1916

• The temperature on March 20, 1916 was between 7.3 °C and 19.9 °C and averaged 12.3 °C. There was 3.5 mm of rain. There was 2.8 hours of sunshine (23%). The average windspeed was 3 Bft (moderate breeze) and was prevailing from the east-southeast. Source: KNMI
• Koningin Wilhelmina (Huis van Oranje-Nassau) was from 1890 till 1948 sovereign of the Netherlands (also known as Koninkrijk der Nederlanden)
• In The Netherlands , there was from August 29, 1913 to September 9, 1918 the cabinet Cort van der Linden, with Mr. P.W.A. Cort van der Linden (liberaal) as prime minister.
• In the year 1916: Source: Wikipedia
  • The Netherlands had about 6.4 million citizens.
  • April 20 » The Chicago Cubs play their first game at Weeghman Park (currently Wrigley Field), defeating the Cincinnati Reds 7–6 in 11 innings.
  • April 25 » Anzac Day is commemorated for the first time on the first anniversary of the landing at ANZAC Cove.
  • May 31 » World War I: Battle of Jutland: The British Grand Fleet engages the High Seas Fleet in the largest naval battle of the war, which proves indecisive.
  • June 4 » World War I: Russia opens the Brusilov Offensive with an artillery barrage of Austro-Hungarian lines in Galicia.
  • November 7 » Jeannette Rankin is the first woman elected to the United States Congress.
  • November 21 » Mines from SM U-73 sink the HMHS Britannic, the largest ship lost in the First World War.

Source: Wikipedia

• 1909 » Friedrich Amelung, Estonian historian and businessman (b. 1842)
• 1918 » Lewis A. Grant, American general and lawyer (b. 1828)
• 1925 » George Curzon, 1st Marquess Curzon of Kedleston, English politician, 35th Governor-General of India (b. 1859)
• 1929 » Ferdinand Foch, French field marshal (b. 1851)
• 1930 » Arthur F. Andrews, American cyclist (b. 1876)
• 1931 » Hermann Müller, German journalist and politician, 12th Chancellor of Germany (b. 1876)