Family tree M. Tolsma » Elizabeth Catharina Pienaar (1845-1917)

Christening day September 21, 1845

• The temperature on September 21, 1845 was about 13.0 °C. Wind direction mainly south east. Weather type: half bewolkt. Source: KNMI
•  This page is only available in Dutch.
  De Republiek der Verenigde Nederlanden werd in 1794-1795 door de Fransen veroverd onder leiding van bevelhebber Charles Pichegru (geholpen door de Nederlander Herman Willem Daendels); de verovering werd vergemakkelijkt door het dichtvriezen van de Waterlinie; Willem V moest op 18 januari 1795 uitwijken naar Engeland (en van daaruit in 1801 naar Duitsland); de patriotten namen de macht over van de aristocratische regenten en proclameerden de Bataafsche Republiek; op 16 mei 1795 werd het Haags Verdrag gesloten, waarmee ons land een vazalstaat werd van Frankrijk; in 3.1796 kwam er een Nationale Vergadering; in 1798 pleegde Daendels een staatsgreep, die de unitarissen aan de macht bracht; er kwam een nieuwe grondwet, die een Vertegenwoordigend Lichaam (met een Eerste en Tweede Kamer) instelde en als regering een Directoire; in 1799 sloeg Daendels bij Castricum een Brits-Russische invasie af; in 1801 kwam er een nieuwe grondwet; bij de Vrede van Amiens (1802) kreeg ons land van Engeland zijn koloniën terug (behalve Ceylon); na de grondwetswijziging van 1805 kwam er een raadpensionaris als eenhoofdig gezag, namelijk Rutger Jan Schimmelpenninck (van 31 oktober 1761 tot 25 maart 1825).
• In the year 1845: Source: Wikipedia
  • The Netherlands had about 3.1 million citizens.
  • March 1 » United States President John Tyler signs a bill authorizing the United States to annex the Republic of Texas.
  • March 3 » Florida is admitted as the 27th U.S. state.
  • March 11 » Flagstaff War: Unhappy with translational differences regarding the Treaty of Waitangi, chiefs Hone Heke, Kawiti and Māori tribe members chop down the British flagpole for a fourth time and drive settlers out of Kororareka, New Zealand.
  • March 13 » Felix Mendelssohn's Violin Concerto receives its première performance in Leipzig with Ferdinand David as soloist.
  • May 19 » Captain Sir John Franklin and his ill-fated Arctic expedition depart from Greenhithe, England.
  • May 30 » The Fatel Razack coming from India, lands in the Gulf of Paria in Trinidad and Tobago carrying the first Indians to the country.

Day of marriage July 28, 1879

• The temperature on July 28, 1879 was about 17.2 °C. The air pressure was 1 kgf/m² and came mainly from the west-southwest. The airpressure was 77 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 92%. Source: KNMI
• Koning Willem III (Huis van Oranje-Nassau) was from 1849 till 1890 sovereign of the Netherlands (also known as Koninkrijk der Nederlanden)
• In The Netherlands , there was from November 3, 1877 to August 20, 1879 the cabinet Kappeijne van de Coppello, with Mr. J. Kappeijne van de Coppello (liberaal) as prime minister.
• In The Netherlands , there was from August 20, 1879 to April 23, 1883 the cabinet Van Lijnden van Sandenburg, with Mr. C.Th. baron Van Lijnden van Sandenburg (conservatief-AR) as prime minister.
• In the year 1879: Source: Wikipedia
  • The Netherlands had about 4.0 million citizens.
  • January 22 » The Battle of Isandlwana during the Anglo-Zulu War results in a British defeat.
  • February 8 » The England cricket team led by Lord Harris is attacked in a riot during a match in Sydney.
  • February 15 » Women's rights: US President Rutherford B. Hayes signs a bill allowing female attorneys to argue cases before the Supreme Court of the United States.
  • May 31 » Gilmore's Garden in New York City is renamed Madison Square Garden by William Henry Vanderbilt and is opened to the public at 26th Street and Madison Avenue.
  • July 4 » Anglo-Zulu War: The Zululand capital of Ulundi is captured by British troops and burned to the ground, ending the war and forcing King Cetshwayo to flee.
  • December 28 » Tay Bridge disaster: The central part of the Tay Rail Bridge in Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom collapses as a train passes over it, killing 75.

Day of death August 7, 1917

• The temperature on August 7, 1917 was between 12.3 °C and 24.6 °C and averaged 18.3 °C. There was 0.2 mm of rain. There was 13.1 hours of sunshine (86%). The average windspeed was 2 Bft (weak wind) and was prevailing from the north-northeast. Source: KNMI
• Koningin Wilhelmina (Huis van Oranje-Nassau) was from 1890 till 1948 sovereign of the Netherlands (also known as Koninkrijk der Nederlanden)
• In The Netherlands , there was from August 29, 1913 to September 9, 1918 the cabinet Cort van der Linden, with Mr. P.W.A. Cort van der Linden (liberaal) as prime minister.
• In the year 1917: Source: Wikipedia
  • The Netherlands had about 6.5 million citizens.
  • March 15 » Tsar Nicholas II of Russia abdicates the Russian throne ending the 304-year Romanov dynasty.
  • June 13 » World War I: The deadliest German air raid on London of the war is carried out by Gotha G.IV bombers and results in 162 deaths, including 46 children, and 432 injuries.
  • October 4 » World War I: The Battle of Broodseinde is fought between the British and German armies in Flanders.
  • October 31 » World War I: Battle of Beersheba: The "last successful cavalry charge in history".
  • November 20 » World War I: Battle of Cambrai begins: British forces make early progress in an attack on German positions but are later pushed back.
  • December 15 » World War I: An armistice between Russia and the Central Powers is signed.

Source: Wikipedia

• 1893 » Alfredo Catalani, Italian composer and academic (b. 1854)
• 1899 » Jacob Maris, Dutch painter and educator (b. 1837)
• 1900 » Wilhelm Liebknecht, German lawyer and politician (b. 1826)
• 1912 » François-Alphonse Forel, Swiss limnologist and academic (b. 1841)
• 1917 » Edwin Harris Dunning, South African-English commander and pilot (b. 1891)
• 1938 » Konstantin Stanislavski, Russian actor and director (b. 1863)