The temperature on August 6, 1863 was about 16.5 °C. There was 0.2 mm of rain. The air pressure was 2 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the west-southwest. The airpressure was 76 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 81%. Source: KNMI
In The Netherlands , there was from February 1, 1862 to February 10, 1866 the cabinet Thorbecke II, with Mr. J.R. Thorbecke (liberaal) as prime minister.
May 1 » American Civil War: The Battle of Chancellorsville begins.
August 4 » Matica slovenská, Slovakia's public-law cultural and scientific institution focusing on topics around the Slovak nation, is established in Martin.
September 9 » American Civil War: The Union Army enters Chattanooga, Tennessee.
September 19 » American Civil War: The first day of the Battle of Chickamauga, in northwestern Georgia, the bloodiest two-day battle of the conflict, and the only significant Confederate victory in the war's Western Theater.
November 17 » American Civil War: Siege of Knoxville begins: Confederate forces led by General James Longstreet place Knoxville, Tennessee, under siege.
December 16 » American Civil War: Joseph E. Johnston replaces Braxton Bragg as commander of the Confederate Army of Tennessee.
Day of marriage August 2, 1894
The temperature on August 2, 1894 was about 18.3 °C. The airpressure was 76 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 76%. Source: KNMI
In The Netherlands , there was from August 21, 1891 to May 9, 1894 the cabinet Van Tienhoven, with Mr. G. van Tienhoven (unie-liberaal) as prime minister.
In The Netherlands , there was from May 9, 1894 to July 27, 1897 the cabinet Roëll, with Jonkheer mr. J. Roëll (oud-liberaal) as prime minister.
February 12 » Anarchist Émile Henry hurls a bomb into the Cafe Terminus in Paris, killing one person and wounding 20.
March 25 » Coxey's Army, the first significant American protest march, departs Massillon, Ohio for Washington, D.C.
May 11 » Four thousand Pullman Palace Car Company workers go on a wildcat strike.
June 23 » The International Olympic Committee is founded at the Sorbonne in Paris, at the initiative of Baron Pierre de Coubertin.
June 24 » Marie François Sadi Carnot is assassinated by Sante Geronimo Caserio.
November 1 » Nicholas II becomes the new (and last) Tsar of Russia after his father, Alexander III, dies.
Day of death October 12, 1943
The temperature on October 12, 1943 was between 4.2 °C and 12.5 °C and averaged 9.0 °C. There was 0.1 mm of rain. There was -0.1 hours of sunshine (0%). The average windspeed was 2 Bft (weak wind) and was prevailing from the south-southeast. Source: KNMI
In The Netherlands , there was from July 27, 1941 to February 23, 1945 the cabinet Gerbrandy II, with Prof. dr. P.S. Gerbrandy (ARP) as prime minister.
January 17 » World War II: Greek submarine Papanikolis captures the 200-ton sailing vessel Agios Stefanos and mans her with part of her crew.
May 17 » World War II: Dambuster Raids commence by No. 617 Squadron RAF.
August 17 » World War II: The Royal Air Force begins Operation Hydra, the first air raid of the Operation Crossbow strategic bombing campaign against Germany's V-weapon program.
August 17 » World War II: The U.S. Seventh Army under General George S. Patton arrives in Messina, Italy, followed several hours later by the British 8th Army under Field Marshal Bernard Montgomery, thus completing the Allied conquest of Sicily.
October 17 » Nazi Holocaust in Poland: Sobibór extermination camp is closed.
October 22 » World War II: In the Second firestorm raid on Germany, the RAF conducts an air raid on the town of Kassel, killing 10,000 and rendering 150,000 homeless.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Hans Middendorp, "Family Tree Family tree Kraster uit de Kalkwijk bij Sappemeer in Groningen", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/stamboom-kraster/I36580.php : accessed February 2, 2026), "Henderikus Douwe Spies (1863-1943)".
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