The temperature on December 21, 1862 was about 3.9 °C. There was 2 mm of rain. The air pressure was 3 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the north-northwest. The airpressure was 75 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 83%. Source: KNMI
From March 14, 1861 till January 31, 1862 the Netherlands had a cabinet Van Zuijlen van Nijevelt - Loudon with the prime ministers Mr. J.P.P. baron Van Zuijlen van Nijevelt (conservatief-liberaal) and Mr. J. Loudon (liberaal).
In The Netherlands , there was from February 1, 1862 to February 10, 1866 the cabinet Thorbecke II, with Mr. J.R. Thorbecke (liberaal) as prime minister.
January 16 » Hartley Colliery disaster: Two hundred and four men and boys killed in a mining disaster, prompting a change in UK law which henceforth required all collieries to have at least two independent means of escape.
July 12 » The Medal of Honor is authorized by the United States Congress.
August 19 » American Indian Wars: During an uprising in Minnesota, Lakota warriors decide not to attack heavily defended Fort Ridgely and instead turn to the settlement of New Ulm, killing white settlers along the way.
August 28 » American Civil War: Second Battle of Bull Run, also known as the Battle of Second Manassas. The battle ends on August 30.
November 5 » American Civil War: Abraham Lincoln removes George B. McClellan as commander of the Army of the Potomac.
December 17 » American Civil War: General Ulysses S. Grant issues General Order No. 11, expelling Jews from parts of Tennessee, Mississippi, and Kentucky.
Day of marriage May 13, 1893
The temperature on May 13, 1893 was about 16.3 °C. The airpressure was 76 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 63%. Source: KNMI
In The Netherlands , there was from August 21, 1891 to May 9, 1894 the cabinet Van Tienhoven, with Mr. G. van Tienhoven (unie-liberaal) as prime minister.
January 6 » The Washington National Cathedral is chartered by Congress. The charter is signed by President Benjamin Harrison.
January 21 » The Tati Concessions Land, formerly part of Matabeleland, is formally annexed to the Bechuanaland Protectorate, now Botswana.
April 6 » Salt Lake Temple of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints is dedicated by Wilford Woodruff.
May 1 » The World's Columbian Exposition opens in Chicago.
July 11 » A revolution led by the liberal general and politician José Santos Zelaya takes over state power in Nicaragua.
October 28 » Tchaikovsky's Symphony No. 6 in B Minor, Pathétique receives its première performance only nine days before the composer's death.
Day of death March 13, 1944
The temperature on March 13, 1944 was between 0.7 °C and 7.9 °C and averaged 5.2 °C. There was 5.7 mm of rain during 3.9 hours. There was 3.4 hours of sunshine (29%). The average windspeed was 6 Bft (strong wind) and was prevailing from the west-northwest. Source: KNMI
In The Netherlands , there was from July 27, 1941 to February 23, 1945 the cabinet Gerbrandy II, with Prof. dr. P.S. Gerbrandy (ARP) as prime minister.
April 26 » Heinrich Kreipe is captured by Allied commandos in occupied Crete.
June 13 » World War II: Germany launches the first V1 Flying Bomb attack on England. Only four of the eleven bombs strike their targets.
July 9 » World War II: Continuation War: Finland wins the Battle of Tali-Ihantala, the largest battle ever fought in northern Europe. The Red Army withdraws its troops from Ihantala and digs into a defensive position, thus ending the Vyborg–Petrozavodsk Offensive.
July 21 » World War II: Battle of Guam: American troops land on Guam, starting a battle that will end on August 10.
November 1 » World War II: Units of the British Army land at Walcheren.
December 28 » Maurice Richard becomes the first player to score eight points in one game of NHL ice hockey.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Hans Middendorp, "Family Tree Family tree Kraster uit de Kalkwijk bij Sappemeer in Groningen", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/stamboom-kraster/I2910.php : accessed February 26, 2026), "Maria Groenewold (1862-1944)".
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