January 2 » American statesman and diplomat John Hay announces the Open Door Policy to promote trade with China.
February 28 » The Second Boer War: The 118-day "Siege of Ladysmith" is lifted.
April 14 » The Exposition Universelle begins.
April 30 » Hawaii becomes a territory of the United States, with Sanford B. Dole as governor.
August 16 » The Battle of Elands River during the Second Boer War ends after a 13-day siege is lifted by the British. The battle had begun when a force of between 2,000 and 3,000 Boers had surrounded a force of 500 Australians, Rhodesians, Canadians and British soldiers at a supply dump at Brakfontein Drift.
December 14 » Quantum mechanics: Max Planck presents a theoretical derivation of his black-body radiation law.
Day of marriage January 31, 1925
The temperature on January 31, 1925 was between 8.4 °C and 10.6 °C and averaged 9.3 °C. There was 1.2 mm of rain. There was -0.1 hours of sunshine (0%). The average windspeed was 5 Bft (very strong wind) and was prevailing from the west-southwest. Source: KNMI
In The Netherlands , there was from September 19, 1922 to August 4, 1925 the cabinet Ruys de Beerenbrouck II, with Jonkheer mr. Ch.J.M. Ruys de Beerenbrouck (RKSP) as prime minister.
In The Netherlands , there was from August 4, 1925 to March 8, 1926 the cabinet Colijn I, with Dr. H. Colijn (ARP) as prime minister.
January 30 » The Government of Turkey expels Patriarch Constantine VI from Istanbul.
February 2 » Serum run to Nome: Dog sleds reach Nome, Alaska with diphtheria serum, inspiring the Iditarod race.
April 30 » Automaker Dodge Brothers, Inc is sold to Dillon, Read & Co. for US$146million plus $50million for charity.
July 10 » Scopes Trial: In Dayton, Tennessee, the so-called "Monkey Trial" begins of John T. Scopes, a young high school science teacher accused of teaching evolution in violation of the Butler Act.
July 18 » Adolf Hitler publishes Mein Kampf.
Day of death February 8, 1953
The temperature on February 8, 1953 was between -6.5 °C and 1.9 °C and averaged -2.4 °C. There was 3.0 mm of rain during 6.5 hours. There was 1.1 hours of sunshine (12%). The almost completely overcast was. The average windspeed was 4 Bft (moderate breeze) and was prevailing from the south. Source: KNMI
January 3 » Frances P. Bolton and her son, Oliver from Ohio, become the first mother and son to serve simultaneously in the U.S. Congress.
March 18 » An earthquake hits western Turkey, killing 265 people.
May 18 » Jackie Cochran becomes the first woman to break the sound barrier.
May 29 » Edmund Hillary and Sherpa Tenzing Norgay become the first people to reach the summit of Mount Everest, on Tenzing Norgay's (adopted) 39th birthday.
October 30 » President Eisenhower approves the top-secret document NSC 162/2 concerning the maintenance of a strong nuclear deterrent force against the Soviet Union.
November 30 » Edward Mutesa II, the kabaka (king) of Buganda is deposed and exiled to London by Sir Andrew Cohen, Governor of Uganda.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Hans Middendorp, "Family Tree Family tree Kraster uit de Kalkwijk bij Sappemeer in Groningen", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/stamboom-kraster/I10377.php : accessed January 26, 2026), "Antje Jongstra (1900-1953)".
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