The temperature on September 21, 1831 was about 16.0 °C. Wind direction mainly south east. Weather type: half bewolkt bui. Source: KNMI
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De Republiek der Verenigde Nederlanden werd in 1794-1795 door de Fransen veroverd onder leiding van bevelhebber Charles Pichegru (geholpen door de Nederlander Herman Willem Daendels); de verovering werd vergemakkelijkt door het dichtvriezen van de Waterlinie; Willem V moest op 18 januari 1795 uitwijken naar Engeland (en van daaruit in 1801 naar Duitsland); de patriotten namen de macht over van de aristocratische regenten en proclameerden de Bataafsche Republiek; op 16 mei 1795 werd het Haags Verdrag gesloten, waarmee ons land een vazalstaat werd van Frankrijk; in 3.1796 kwam er een Nationale Vergadering; in 1798 pleegde Daendels een staatsgreep, die de unitarissen aan de macht bracht; er kwam een nieuwe grondwet, die een Vertegenwoordigend Lichaam (met een Eerste en Tweede Kamer) instelde en als regering een Directoire; in 1799 sloeg Daendels bij Castricum een Brits-Russische invasie af; in 1801 kwam er een nieuwe grondwet; bij de Vrede van Amiens (1802) kreeg ons land van Engeland zijn koloniën terug (behalve Ceylon); na de grondwetswijziging van 1805 kwam er een raadpensionaris als eenhoofdig gezag, namelijk Rutger Jan Schimmelpenninck (van 31 oktober 1761 tot 25 maart 1825).
March 29 » Great Bosnian uprising: Bosniaks rebel against Turkey.
April 18 » The University of Alabama is founded in Tuscaloosa, Alabama.
August 23 » Nat Turner's slave rebellion is suppressed.
October 29 » Riots in the city of Bristol as part of the 1831 reform riots against the second reform Bill of the Reform Act 1832 begin.
November 17 » Ecuador and Venezuela are separated from Gran Colombia.
December 27 » Charles Darwin embarks on his journey aboard HMSBeagle, during which he will begin to formulate his theory of evolution.
Day of marriage February 13, 1863
The temperature on February 13, 1863 was about 7.7 °C. The air pressure was 3 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the north-northeast. The airpressure was 78 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 64%. Source: KNMI
In The Netherlands , there was from February 1, 1862 to February 10, 1866 the cabinet Thorbecke II, with Mr. J.R. Thorbecke (liberaal) as prime minister.
February 17 » A group of citizens of Geneva founded an International Committee for Relief to the Wounded, which later became known as the International Committee of the Red Cross.
April 2 » American Civil War: The largest in a series of Southern bread riots occurs in Richmond, Virginia.
May 18 » American Civil War: The Siege of Vicksburg begins.
October 14 » American Civil War: Confederate troops under the command of A. P. Hill fail to drive the Union Army completely out of Virginia.
November 19 » American Civil War: U.S. President Abraham Lincoln delivers the Gettysburg Address at the dedication ceremony for the military cemetery at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania.
November 26 » United States President Abraham Lincoln proclaims November 26 as a national Thanksgiving Day, to be celebrated annually on the final Thursday of November. Following the Franksgiving controversy from 1939 to 1941, it has been observed on the fourth Thursday in 1942 and subsequent years.
Day of death April 3, 1908
The temperature on April 3, 1908 was between 6.0 °C and 11.9 °C and averaged 8.6 °C. There was 1.2 mm of rain. There was 4.9 hours of sunshine (38%). The average windspeed was 4 Bft (moderate breeze) and was prevailing from the west-southwest. Source: KNMI
In The Netherlands , there was from August 17, 1905 to February 11, 1908 the cabinet De Meester, with Mr. Th. de Meester (unie-liberaal) as prime minister.
In The Netherlands , there was from February 12, 1908 to August 29, 1913 the cabinet Heemskerk, with Mr. Th. Heemskerk (AR) as prime minister.
January 11 » Grand Canyon National Monument is created.
July 25 » Ajinomoto is founded. Kikunae Ikeda of the Tokyo Imperial University discovers that a key ingredient in kombu soup stock is monosodium glutamate (MSG), and patents a process for manufacturing it.
July 26 » United States Attorney General Charles Joseph Bonaparte issues an order to immediately staff the Office of the Chief Examiner (later renamed the Federal Bureau of Investigation).
August 8 » Wilbur Wright makes his first flight at a racecourse at Le Mans, France. It is the Wright Brothers' first public flight.
August 17 » Fantasmagorie, the first animated cartoon, created by Émile Cohl, is shown in Paris, France.
October 6 » The Bosnian crisis erupts when Austria-Hungary formally annexes Bosnia and Herzegovina.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Christiaan, "Stambomen Besseling/k & Kraaijvanger", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/stambomen-besseling-kraaijvanger/I680.php : accessed September 26, 2024), "Albertus "Albartus" Besselink (1831-1908)".
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