April 5 » Daimyō (Lord) Shimazu Tadatsune of the Satsuma Domain in southern Kyūshū, Japan, completes his successful invasion of the Ryūkyū Kingdom in Okinawa.
April 9 » Eighty Years' War: Spain and the Dutch Republic sign the Treaty of Antwerp to initiate twelve years of truce.
April 9 » Philip III of Spain issues the decree of the "Expulsion of the Moriscos".
May 23 » Official ratification of the Second Virginia Charter takes place.
August 25 » Galileo Galilei demonstrates his first telescope to Venetian lawmakers.
September 12 » Henry Hudson begins his exploration of the Hudson River while aboard the Halve Maen.
March 16 » The Long Parliament of England is dissolved so as to prepare for the new Convention Parliament.
April 4 » Declaration of Breda by King Charles II of Great Britain promises, among other things, a general pardon to all royalists for crimes committed during the English Civil War and the Interregnum.
May 25 » Charles II lands at Dover at the invitation of the Convention Parliament, which marks the end of the Cromwell-proclaimed Commonwealth of England, Scotland and Ireland and begins the Restoration of the British monarchy.
May 29 » English Restoration: Charles II is restored to the throne of England, Scotland and Ireland.
November 28 » At Gresham College, twelve men, including Christopher Wren, Robert Boyle, John Wilkins, and Sir Robert Moray decide to found what is later known as the Royal Society.
December 31 » James II of England is named Duke of Normandy by Louis XIV of France.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Peter John Oswald, "Pop Oswald Tree", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/pop-oswald-tree/P37681.php : accessed November 4, 2025), "Maria GONZAGA (1609-1660)".
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