The temperature on November 15, 1860 was about 8.8 °C. There was 3 mm of rain. The air pressure was 5 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the west-northwest. The airpressure was 74 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 93%. Source: KNMI
From March 18, 1858 till February 23, 1860 the Netherlands had a cabinet Rochussen - Van Bosse with the prime ministers J.J. Rochussen (conservatief-liberaal) and Mr. P.P. van Bosse (liberaal).
From February 23, 1860 till March 14, 1861 the Netherlands had a cabinet Van Hall - Van Heemstra with the prime ministers Mr. F.A. baron Van Hall (conservatief-liberaal) and Mr. S. baron Van Heemstra (liberaal).
March 5 » Parma, Tuscany, Modena and Romagna vote in referendums to join the Kingdom of Sardinia.
May 27 » Giuseppe Garibaldi begins his attack on Palermo, Sicily, as part of the Italian unification.
September 20 » The future King Edward VII of the United Kingdom begins the first visit to North America by a Prince of Wales.
September 21 » Second Opium War: An Anglo-French force defeats Chinese troops at the Battle of Palikao.
October 18 » The Second Opium War finally ends at the Convention of Peking with the ratification of the Treaty of Tientsin, an unequal treaty.
December 20 » South Carolina becomes the first state to attempt to secede from the United States.
Day of marriage October 10, 1883
The temperature on October 10, 1883 was about 10.9 °C. The air pressure was 1 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the east-southeast. The airpressure was 76 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 95%. Source: KNMI
In The Netherlands , there was from August 20, 1879 to April 23, 1883 the cabinet Van Lijnden van Sandenburg, with Mr. C.Th. baron Van Lijnden van Sandenburg (conservatief-AR) as prime minister.
In The Netherlands , there was from April 23, 1884 to April 21, 1888 the cabinet Heemskerk, with Mr. J. Heemskerk Azn. (conservatief) as prime minister.
June 16 » The Victoria Hall theatre panic in Sunderland, England, kills 183 children.
September 8 » The Northern Pacific Railway (reporting mark NP) was completed in a ceremony at Gold Creek, Montana. Former president Ulysses S. Grant drove in the final "golden spike" in an event attended by rail and political luminaries.
October 4 » First run of the Orient Express.
October 20 » Peru and Chile sign the Treaty of Ancón, by which the Tarapacá province is ceded to the latter, bringing an end to Peru's involvement in the War of the Pacific.
October 22 » The Metropolitan Opera House in New York City opens with a performance of Gounod's Faust.
November 18 » American and Canadian railroads institute five standard continental time zones, ending the confusion of thousands of local times.
Day of death November 12, 1940
The temperature on November 12, 1940 was between 7.5 °C and 11.7 °C and averaged 9.2 °C. There was 9.9 mm of rain during 5.3 hours. There was 1.5 hours of sunshine (17%). The average windspeed was 6 Bft (strong wind) and was prevailing from the southwest. Source: KNMI
In The Netherlands , there was from August 10, 1939 to September 3, 1940 the cabinet De Geer II, with Jonkheer mr. D.J. de Geer (CHU) as prime minister.
In The Netherlands , there was from September 3, 1940 to July 27, 1941 the cabinet Gerbrandy I, with Prof. dr. P.S. Gerbrandy (ARP) as prime minister.
April 7 » Booker T. Washington becomes the first African American to be depicted on a United States postage stamp.
June 14 » World War II: The German occupation of Paris begins.
July 6 » Story Bridge, a major landmark in Brisbane, as well as Australia's longest cantilever bridge is formally opened.
July 10 » World War II: Six days before Adolf Hitler issues his Directive 16 to the combined Wehrmacht armed forces for Operation Sea Lion, the Kanalkampf shipping attacks against British maritime convoys begin, in the leadup to initiating the Battle of Britain.
September 19 » World War II: Witold Pilecki is voluntarily captured and sent to Auschwitz to smuggle out information and start a resistance movement.
November 16 » World War II: In response to the leveling of Coventry by the German Luftwaffe two days before, the Royal Air Force bombs Hamburg.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Charles Olson, "Olson's Tree", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/olsons-tree/P26334.php : accessed January 7, 2026), "Martha Waldron Cowdin (1860-1940)".
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