Olson's Tree » Frances Wickham (1808-1895)

Day of marriage February 16, 1857

• The temperature on February 16, 1857 was about 8.9 °C. The air pressure was 0.5 kgf/m² and came mainly from the south-southeast. The atmospheric humidity was 71%. Source: KNMI
•  This page is only available in Dutch.
  De Republiek der Verenigde Nederlanden werd in 1794-1795 door de Fransen veroverd onder leiding van bevelhebber Charles Pichegru (geholpen door de Nederlander Herman Willem Daendels); de verovering werd vergemakkelijkt door het dichtvriezen van de Waterlinie; Willem V moest op 18 januari 1795 uitwijken naar Engeland (en van daaruit in 1801 naar Duitsland); de patriotten namen de macht over van de aristocratische regenten en proclameerden de Bataafsche Republiek; op 16 mei 1795 werd het Haags Verdrag gesloten, waarmee ons land een vazalstaat werd van Frankrijk; in 3.1796 kwam er een Nationale Vergadering; in 1798 pleegde Daendels een staatsgreep, die de unitarissen aan de macht bracht; er kwam een nieuwe grondwet, die een Vertegenwoordigend Lichaam (met een Eerste en Tweede Kamer) instelde en als regering een Directoire; in 1799 sloeg Daendels bij Castricum een Brits-Russische invasie af; in 1801 kwam er een nieuwe grondwet; bij de Vrede van Amiens (1802) kreeg ons land van Engeland zijn koloniën terug (behalve Ceylon); na de grondwetswijziging van 1805 kwam er een raadpensionaris als eenhoofdig gezag, namelijk Rutger Jan Schimmelpenninck (van 31 oktober 1761 tot 25 maart 1825).
• In The Netherlands , there was from July 1, 1856 to March 18, 1858 the cabinet Van der Brugghen, with Mr. J.L.L. van der Brugghen (protestant) as prime minister.
• In the year 1857: Source: Wikipedia
  • The Netherlands had about 3.3 million citizens.
  • January 9 » The 7.9 M_w  Fort Tejon earthquake shakes Central and Southern California with a maximum Mercalli intensity of IX (Violent).
  • March 3 » Second Opium War: France and the United Kingdom declare war on China.
  • April 18 » "The Spirits Book" by Allan Kardec is published, marking the birth of Spiritualism in France.
  • May 6 » The East India Company disbands the 34th Regiment of Bengal Native Infantry whose sepoy Mangal Pandey had earlier revolted against the British in the lead up to the War of Indian Independence.
  • May 26 » Dred Scott is emancipated by the Blow family, his original owners.
  • July 27 » Indian Rebellion: Sixty-eight men hold out for eight days against a force of 2,500 to 3,000 mutinying sepoys and 8,000 irregular forces.

Day of death July 21, 1895

• The temperature on July 21, 1895 was about 19.0 °C. The airpressure was 75 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 82%. Source: KNMI
• Koningin Wilhelmina (Huis van Oranje-Nassau) was from 1890 till 1948 sovereign of the Netherlands (also known as Koninkrijk der Nederlanden)
• Regentes Emma (Huis van Oranje-Nassau) was from 1890 till 1898 sovereign of the Netherlands (also known as Koninkrijk der Nederlanden)
• In The Netherlands , there was from May 9, 1894 to July 27, 1897 the cabinet Roëll, with Jonkheer mr. J. Roëll (oud-liberaal) as prime minister.
• In the year 1895: Source: Wikipedia
  • The Netherlands had about 5.1 million citizens.
  • March 19 » Auguste and Louis Lumière record their first footage using their newly patented cinematograph.
  • March 22 » Before the Société pour L'Encouragement à l'Industrie, brothers Auguste and Louis Lumière demonstrate movie film technology publicly for the first time.
  • April 6 » Oscar Wilde is arrested in the Cadogan Hotel, London, after losing a libel case against the Marquess of Queensberry.
  • April 8 » In Pollock v. Farmers' Loan & Trust Co. the Supreme Court of the United States declares unapportioned income tax to be unconstitutional.
  • June 20 » The Kiel Canal, crossing the base of the Jutland peninsula and the busiest artificial waterway in the world, is officially opened.
  • June 28 » The United States Court of Private Land Claims rules James Reavis’s claim to Barony of Arizona is "wholly fictitious and fraudulent."

Source: Wikipedia

• 1868 » William Bland, Australian surgeon and politician (b. 1789)
• 1878 » Sam Bass, American outlaw (b. 1851)
• 1880 » Hiram Walden, American general and politician (b. 1800)
• 1889 » Nelson Dewey, American lawyer and politician, 1st Governor of Wisconsin (b. 1813)
• 1899 » Robert G. Ingersoll, American soldier, lawyer, and politician (b. 1833)
• 1920 » Fiammetta Wilson, English astronomer and educator (b. 1864)