Olson's Tree » Benjamin Hardin Helm (1831-1863)

Day of marriage March 20, 1856

• The temperature on March 20, 1856 was about 8.5 °C. There was 1 mm of rain. The air pressure was 0.5 kgf/m² and came mainly from the north-northwest. The atmospheric humidity was 92%. Source: KNMI
•  This page is only available in Dutch.
  De Republiek der Verenigde Nederlanden werd in 1794-1795 door de Fransen veroverd onder leiding van bevelhebber Charles Pichegru (geholpen door de Nederlander Herman Willem Daendels); de verovering werd vergemakkelijkt door het dichtvriezen van de Waterlinie; Willem V moest op 18 januari 1795 uitwijken naar Engeland (en van daaruit in 1801 naar Duitsland); de patriotten namen de macht over van de aristocratische regenten en proclameerden de Bataafsche Republiek; op 16 mei 1795 werd het Haags Verdrag gesloten, waarmee ons land een vazalstaat werd van Frankrijk; in 3.1796 kwam er een Nationale Vergadering; in 1798 pleegde Daendels een staatsgreep, die de unitarissen aan de macht bracht; er kwam een nieuwe grondwet, die een Vertegenwoordigend Lichaam (met een Eerste en Tweede Kamer) instelde en als regering een Directoire; in 1799 sloeg Daendels bij Castricum een Brits-Russische invasie af; in 1801 kwam er een nieuwe grondwet; bij de Vrede van Amiens (1802) kreeg ons land van Engeland zijn koloniën terug (behalve Ceylon); na de grondwetswijziging van 1805 kwam er een raadpensionaris als eenhoofdig gezag, namelijk Rutger Jan Schimmelpenninck (van 31 oktober 1761 tot 25 maart 1825).
• From April 19, 1853 till July 1, 1856 the Netherlands had a cabinet Van Hall - Donker Curtius with the prime ministers Mr. F.A. baron Van Hall (conservatief-liberaal) and Mr. D. Donker Curtius (conservatief-liberaal).
• In The Netherlands , there was from July 1, 1856 to March 18, 1858 the cabinet Van der Brugghen, with Mr. J.L.L. van der Brugghen (protestant) as prime minister.
• In the year 1856: Source: Wikipedia
  • The Netherlands had about 3.3 million citizens.
  • January 29 » Queen Victoria issues a Warrant under the Royal sign-manual that establishes the Victoria Cross to recognise acts of valour by British military personnel during the Crimean War.
  • February 11 » The Kingdom of Awadh is annexed by the British East India Company and Wajid Ali Shah, the king of Awadh, is deposed.
  • February 22 » The United States Republican Party opens its first national convention in Pittsburgh.
  • April 21 » Australian labour movement: Stonemasons and building workers on building sites around Melbourne march from the University of Melbourne to Parliament House to achieve an eight-hour day.
  • May 22 » Congressman Preston Brooks of South Carolina severely beats Senator Charles Sumner of Massachusetts with a cane in the hall of the United States Senate for a speech Sumner had made regarding Southerners and slavery.
  • November 27 » The Coup of 1856 leads to Luxembourg's unilateral adoption of a new, reactionary constitution.

Day of death September 20, 1863

• The temperature on September 20, 1863 was about 11.5 °C. There was 17 mm of rain. The air pressure was 0.5 kgf/m² and came mainly from the southwest. The airpressure was 75 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 93%. Source: KNMI
• Koning Willem III (Huis van Oranje-Nassau) was from 1849 till 1890 sovereign of the Netherlands (also known as Koninkrijk der Nederlanden)
• In The Netherlands , there was from February 1, 1862 to February 10, 1866 the cabinet Thorbecke II, with Mr. J.R. Thorbecke (liberaal) as prime minister.
• In the year 1863: Source: Wikipedia
  • The Netherlands had about 3.6 million citizens.
  • January 22 » The January Uprising breaks out in Poland, Lithuania and Belarus. The aim of the national movement is to regain Polish–Lithuanian–Ruthenian Commonwealth from occupation by Russia.
  • May 21 » American Civil War: The Union Army succeeds in closing off the last escape route from Port Hudson, Louisiana, in preparation for the coming siege.
  • June 9 » American Civil War: Battle of Brandy Station, Virginia.
  • June 14 » Second Assault on the Confederate works at the Siege of Port Hudson during the American Civil War.
  • July 13 » New York City draft riots: In New York City, opponents of conscription begin three days of rioting which will be later regarded as the worst in United States history.
  • July 30 » American Indian Wars: Representatives of the United States and tribal leaders including Chief Pocatello (of the Shoshone) sign the Treaty of Box Elder.

Source: Wikipedia

• 1840 » José Gaspar Rodríguez de Francia, Paraguayan lawyer and politician, Consul of Paraguay (b. 1766)
• 1845 » Matvei Gedenschtrom, Russian explorer and public servant (b. 1780)
• 1852 » Philander Chase, American bishop and educator, founded Kenyon College (b. 1775)
• 1855 » José Trinidad Reyes, Honduran priest and educator (b. 1797)
• 1863 » Jacob Grimm, German philologist and mythologist (b. 1785)
• 1884 » Leopold Fitzinger, Austrian zoologist and author (b. 1802)