Olga's tree » Vera Constantinovna Holstein-Gottorp, Romanov Großherzogin zu Württemberg (1854-1912)

Christening day February 20, 1854

• The temperature on February 20, 1854 was about 0.4 °C. There was 1 mm of rain. The atmospheric humidity was 100%. Source: KNMI
•  This page is only available in Dutch.
  De Republiek der Verenigde Nederlanden werd in 1794-1795 door de Fransen veroverd onder leiding van bevelhebber Charles Pichegru (geholpen door de Nederlander Herman Willem Daendels); de verovering werd vergemakkelijkt door het dichtvriezen van de Waterlinie; Willem V moest op 18 januari 1795 uitwijken naar Engeland (en van daaruit in 1801 naar Duitsland); de patriotten namen de macht over van de aristocratische regenten en proclameerden de Bataafsche Republiek; op 16 mei 1795 werd het Haags Verdrag gesloten, waarmee ons land een vazalstaat werd van Frankrijk; in 3.1796 kwam er een Nationale Vergadering; in 1798 pleegde Daendels een staatsgreep, die de unitarissen aan de macht bracht; er kwam een nieuwe grondwet, die een Vertegenwoordigend Lichaam (met een Eerste en Tweede Kamer) instelde en als regering een Directoire; in 1799 sloeg Daendels bij Castricum een Brits-Russische invasie af; in 1801 kwam er een nieuwe grondwet; bij de Vrede van Amiens (1802) kreeg ons land van Engeland zijn koloniën terug (behalve Ceylon); na de grondwetswijziging van 1805 kwam er een raadpensionaris als eenhoofdig gezag, namelijk Rutger Jan Schimmelpenninck (van 31 oktober 1761 tot 25 maart 1825).
• From April 19, 1853 till July 1, 1856 the Netherlands had a cabinet Van Hall - Donker Curtius with the prime ministers Mr. F.A. baron Van Hall (conservatief-liberaal) and Mr. D. Donker Curtius (conservatief-liberaal).
• In the year 1854: Source: Wikipedia
  • The Netherlands had about 3.3 million citizens.
  • January 21 » The RMS Tayleur sinks off Lambay Island on her maiden voyage from Liverpool to Australia with great loss of life.
  • February 23 » The official independence of the Orange Free State is declared.
  • February 24 » A Penny Red with perforations was the first perforated postage stamp to be officially issued for distribution.
  • March 24 » President José Gregorio Monagas abolishes slavery in Venezuela.
  • October 6 » In England the Great fire of Newcastle and Gateshead leads to 53 deaths and hundreds injured.
  • December 18 » The Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada abolishes the seigneurial system.

Day of marriage May 8, 1874

• The temperature on May 8, 1874 was about 7.5 °C. There was 4 mm of rain. The air pressure was 3 kgf/m² and came mainly from the west-southwest. The airpressure was 75 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 91%. Source: KNMI
• Koning Willem III (Huis van Oranje-Nassau) was from 1849 till 1890 sovereign of the Netherlands (also known as Koninkrijk der Nederlanden)
• From July 6, 1872 till August 27, 1874 the Netherlands had a cabinet De Vries - Fransen van de Putte with the prime ministers Mr. G. de Vries Azn. (liberaal) and I.D. Fransen van de Putte (liberaal).
• From August 27, 1874 till November 3, 1877 the Netherlands had a cabinet Heemskerk - Van Lijnden van Sandenburg with the prime ministers Mr. J. Heemskerk Azn. (conservatief) and Mr. C.Th. baron Van Lijnden van Sandenburg (AR).
• In the year 1874: Source: Wikipedia
  • The Netherlands had about 4.0 million citizens.
  • February 21 » The Oakland Daily Tribune publishes its first edition.
  • March 15 » France and Vietnam sign the Second Treaty of Saigon, further recognizing the full sovereignty of France over Cochinchina.
  • July 1 » The Sholes and Glidden typewriter, the first commercially successful typewriter, goes on sale.
  • July 31 » Dr. Patrick Francis Healy became the first African-American inaugurated as president of a predominantly white university, Georgetown University.
  • October 9 » The Universal Postal Union is created by the Treaty of Bern.
  • November 25 » The United States Greenback Party is established as a political party consisting primarily of farmers affected by the Panic of 1873.

Day of death April 11, 1912

• The temperature on April 11, 1912 was between 0.4 °C and 9.1 °C and averaged 3.5 °C. There was 1.3 mm of rain. There was 7.8 hours of sunshine (57%). The average windspeed was 4 Bft (moderate breeze) and was prevailing from the west-northwest. Source: KNMI
• Koningin Wilhelmina (Huis van Oranje-Nassau) was from 1890 till 1948 sovereign of the Netherlands (also known as Koninkrijk der Nederlanden)
• In The Netherlands , there was from February 12, 1908 to August 29, 1913 the cabinet Heemskerk, with Mr. Th. Heemskerk (AR) as prime minister.
• In the year 1912: Source: Wikipedia
  • The Netherlands had about 6.0 million citizens.
  • January 6 » German geophysicist Alfred Wegener first presents his theory of continental drift.
  • March 12 » The Girl Guides (later renamed the Girl Scouts of the USA) are founded in the United States.
  • May 5 » Pravda, the "voice" of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, begins publication in Saint Petersburg.
  • July 8 » Henrique Mitchell de Paiva Couceiro leads an unsuccessful royalist attack against the First Portuguese Republic in Chaves.
  • November 19 » First Balkan War: The Serbian Army captures Bitola, ending the five-century-long Ottoman rule of Macedonia.
  • December 8 » Leaders of the German Empire hold an Imperial War Council to discuss the possibility that war might break out.

Day of burial April 18, 1912

• The temperature on April 18, 1912 was between 2.8 °C and 17.6 °C and averaged 10.3 °C. There was 11.7 hours of sunshine (83%). The average windspeed was 2 Bft (weak wind) and was prevailing from the south-southeast. Source: KNMI
• Koningin Wilhelmina (Huis van Oranje-Nassau) was from 1890 till 1948 sovereign of the Netherlands (also known as Koninkrijk der Nederlanden)
• In The Netherlands , there was from February 12, 1908 to August 29, 1913 the cabinet Heemskerk, with Mr. Th. Heemskerk (AR) as prime minister.
• In the year 1912: Source: Wikipedia
  • The Netherlands had about 6.0 million citizens.
  • January 1 » The Republic of China is established.
  • April 16 » Harriet Quimby becomes the first woman to fly an airplane across the English Channel.
  • May 13 » The Royal Flying Corps, the forerunner of the Royal Air Force, is established in the United Kingdom.
  • September 25 » Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism is founded in New York City.
  • October 8 » The First Balkan War begins when Montenegro declares war against the Ottoman Empire.
  • October 24 » First Balkan War: The Battle of Kirk Kilisse concludes with a Bulgarian victory against the Ottoman Empire.

Source: Wikipedia

• 1903 » Gemma Galgani, Italian mystic and saint (b. 1878)
• 1906 » Francis Pharcellus Church, American journalist and publisher, co-founded Armed Forces Journal and The Galaxy Magazine (b. 1839)
• 1906 » James Anthony Bailey, American businessman, co-founded Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus (b. 1847)
• 1908 » Henry Bird, English chess player and author (b. 1829)
• 1916 » Richard Harding Davis, American journalist and author (b. 1864)
• 1918 » Otto Wagner, Austrian architect and urban planner (b. 1841)