Noordwijkerhout Van Toen (NoVaTo) » Boudewijn Kramer (1821-1913)

Day of marriage November 12, 1846

• The temperature on November 12, 1846 was about 4.0 °C. Wind direction mainly northeast. Weather type: betrokken. Source: KNMI
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  De Republiek der Verenigde Nederlanden werd in 1794-1795 door de Fransen veroverd onder leiding van bevelhebber Charles Pichegru (geholpen door de Nederlander Herman Willem Daendels); de verovering werd vergemakkelijkt door het dichtvriezen van de Waterlinie; Willem V moest op 18 januari 1795 uitwijken naar Engeland (en van daaruit in 1801 naar Duitsland); de patriotten namen de macht over van de aristocratische regenten en proclameerden de Bataafsche Republiek; op 16 mei 1795 werd het Haags Verdrag gesloten, waarmee ons land een vazalstaat werd van Frankrijk; in 3.1796 kwam er een Nationale Vergadering; in 1798 pleegde Daendels een staatsgreep, die de unitarissen aan de macht bracht; er kwam een nieuwe grondwet, die een Vertegenwoordigend Lichaam (met een Eerste en Tweede Kamer) instelde en als regering een Directoire; in 1799 sloeg Daendels bij Castricum een Brits-Russische invasie af; in 1801 kwam er een nieuwe grondwet; bij de Vrede van Amiens (1802) kreeg ons land van Engeland zijn koloniën terug (behalve Ceylon); na de grondwetswijziging van 1805 kwam er een raadpensionaris als eenhoofdig gezag, namelijk Rutger Jan Schimmelpenninck (van 31 oktober 1761 tot 25 maart 1825).
• In the year 1846: Source: Wikipedia
  • The Netherlands had about 3.1 million citizens.
  • January 28 » The Battle of Aliwal, India, is won by British troops commanded by Sir Harry Smith.
  • May 7 » The Cambridge Chronicle, America's oldest surviving weekly newspaper, is published for the first time in Cambridge, Massachusetts.
  • May 12 » The Donner Party of pioneers departs Independence, Missouri for California, on what will become a year-long journey of hardship and cannibalism.
  • June 19 » The first officially recorded, organized baseball game is played under Alexander Cartwright's rules on Hoboken, New Jersey's Elysian Fields with the New York Base Ball Club defeating the Knickerbockers 23–1. Cartwright umpired.
  • August 10 » The Smithsonian Institution is chartered by the United States Congress after James Smithson donates $500,000.
  • September 12 » Elizabeth Barrett elopes with Robert Browning.

Day of death April 14, 1913

• The temperature on April 14, 1913 was between -3.3 °C and 8.9 °C and averaged 3.2 °C. There was 9.2 hours of sunshine (67%). The average windspeed was 2 Bft (weak wind) and was prevailing from the southwest. Source: KNMI
• Koningin Wilhelmina (Huis van Oranje-Nassau) was from 1890 till 1948 sovereign of the Netherlands (also known as Koninkrijk der Nederlanden)
• In The Netherlands , there was from February 12, 1908 to August 29, 1913 the cabinet Heemskerk, with Mr. Th. Heemskerk (AR) as prime minister.
• In The Netherlands , there was from August 29, 1913 to September 9, 1918 the cabinet Cort van der Linden, with Mr. P.W.A. Cort van der Linden (liberaal) as prime minister.
• In the year 1913: Source: Wikipedia
  • The Netherlands had about 6.1 million citizens.
  • February 9 » A group of meteors is visible across much of the eastern seaboard of North and South America, leading astronomers to conclude the source had been a small, short-lived natural satellite of the Earth.
  • February 17 » The Armory Show opens in New York City, displaying works of artists who are to become some of the most influential painters of the early 20th century.
  • February 19 » Pedro Lascuráin becomes President of Mexico for 45 minutes; this is the shortest term to date of any person as president of any country.
  • March 4 » First Balkan War: The Greek army engages the Turks at Bizani, resulting in victory two days later.
  • August 13 » First production in the UK of stainless steel by Harry Brearley.
  • December 21 » Arthur Wynne's "word-cross", the first crossword puzzle, is published in the New York World.

Source: Wikipedia

• 1910 » Mikhail Vrubel, Russian painter and sculptor (b. 1856)
• 1911 » Addie Joss, American baseball player and journalist (b. 1880)
• 1911 » Henri Elzéar Taschereau, Canadian lawyer and jurist, 4th Chief Justice of Canada (b. 1836)
• 1912 » Henri Brisson, French politician, 50th Prime Minister of France (b. 1835)
• 1914 » Hubert Bland, English activist, co-founded the Fabian Society (b. 1855)
• 1916 » Gina Krog, Norwegian suffragist and women's rights activist (b. 1847)