The temperature on September 9, 1878 was about 19.2 °C. The air pressure was 1 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the west-southwest. The airpressure was 76 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 86%. Source: KNMI
In The Netherlands , there was from November 3, 1877 to August 20, 1879 the cabinet Kappeijne van de Coppello, with Mr. J. Kappeijne van de Coppello (liberaal) as prime minister.
January 16 » Russo-Turkish War (1877–78): Battle of Philippopolis: Captain Aleksandr Burago with a squadron of Russian Imperial army dragoons liberates Plovdiv from Ottoman rule.
January 28 » Yale Daily News becomes the first independent daily college newspaper in the United States.
February 21 » The first telephone directory is issued in New Haven, Connecticut.
June 4 » Cyprus Convention: The Ottoman Empire cedes Cyprus to the United Kingdom but retains nominal title.
September 3 » Over 640 die when the crowded pleasure boat Princess Alice collides with the Bywell Castle in the River Thames.
December 31 » Karl Benz, working in Mannheim, Germany, filed for a patent on his first reliable two-stroke gas engine, and he was granted the patent in 1879.
Day of death October 30, 1937
The temperature on October 30, 1937 was between 6.6 °C and 15.9 °C and averaged 11.4 °C. There was 5.5 hours of sunshine (56%). The average windspeed was 4 Bft (moderate breeze) and was prevailing from the south-southeast. Source: KNMI
April 1 » The Royal New Zealand Air Force is formed as an independent service.
August 2 » The Marihuana Tax Act of 1937 is passed in America, the effect of which is to render marijuana and all its by-products illegal.
August 24 » Spanish Civil War: the Basque Army surrenders to the Italian Corpo Truppe Volontarie following the Santoña Agreement.
October 9 » Murder of 9 Catholic priests in Zhengding, China, who protected the local population from the advancing Japanese army.
December 12 » Second Sino-Japanese War: USS Panay incident: Japanese aircraft bomb and sink U.S. gunboat USSPanay on the Yangtze river in China.
December 13 » Second Sino-Japanese War: Battle of Nanking: The city of Nanjing, defended by the National Revolutionary Army under the command of General Tang Shengzhi, falls to the Japanese. This is followed by the Nanking Massacre, in which Japanese troops rape and slaughter hundreds of thousands of civilians.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: S. Pepping Munnik, "Family tree Munnik", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/munnik-stamboom/I322.php : accessed March 16, 2026), "Sietse Hero Kruizinga (1878-1937)".
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