Richard "Richard The Fearl..." FitzWilliam (933-996) » maximum test

Personal data Richard "Richard The Fearl..." FitzWilliam

Sources 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16

Alternative names: Richard I de Normandie, Count Richard I the Fearless of Normandy, The Fearless, Sans /P
Nickname is Richard The Fearl....
He was born on August 28, 933 in Upper NormandyFécamp
Normandy France.
He was christened in Normandy-Son of William Longsword.
Alternative: He was christened in the year 996 in Years of reign in Normandy.
He was baptized after August 28, 933Fbecamp Normandie.
Baptized (at 8 years of age or later) by the priesthood authority of the LDS church.
Alternative: Baptized (at 8 years of age or later) by the priesthood authority of the LDS church.
Alternative: Baptized (at 8 years of age or later) by the priesthood authority of the LDS church.
Alternative: Baptized (at 8 years of age or later) by the priesthood authority of the LDS church on September 7, 1909.
Alternative: Baptized (at 8 years of age or later) by the priesthood authority of the LDS church on September 7, 1909.
Alternative: Baptized (at 8 years of age or later) by the priesthood authority of the LDS church on September 7, 1909.
Alternative: Baptized (at 8 years of age or later) by the priesthood authority of the LDS church on September 7, 1909.
Alternative: Baptized (at 8 years of age or later) by the priesthood authority of the LDS church on September 7, 1909.
Alternative: Baptized (at 8 years of age or later) by the priesthood authority of the LDS church on September 7, 1909.
Alternative: Baptized (at 8 years of age or later) by the priesthood authority of the LDS church on September 7, 1909.
Alternative: Baptized (at 8 years of age or later) by the priesthood authority of the LDS church on September 7, 1909.
Alternative: Baptized (at 8 years of age or later) by the priesthood authority of the LDS church on September 7, 1909.
Alternative: Baptized (at 8 years of age or later) by the priesthood authority of the LDS church on September 7, 1909.
Alternative: Baptized (at 8 years of age or later) by the priesthood authority of the LDS church on September 7, 1909.
Immigrated vanuit Fecamp, Seine-Inferieure, France.
Occupations:

Hertogi af Normandí.
Duke of Normandy .
in the year 942 DucNormandie France in Normandie.

Resident:

in the year 942: sent to Bayeux to learn the Norse language under Botho le Danois.
Normandie i Frankrike.

(Misc Event) from 942 till 996Normandy France.
(Misc Event) from 942 till 996Normandy France.
(Misc Event) in the year 942 in NormandyPlouigneau
Brittany France.
He died on November 20, 996 in Upper Normandy, he was 63 years oldFécamp
Normandy France.
He is buried on November 20, 996Abbaye de la Trinité de Fécamp Fecamp, Departement de la Seine-Maritime, Haute-Normandie, France Show Map MEMORIAL ID 37360605.
A child of William FitzRobert and Sprota de Senlis ?
This information was last updated on January 22, 2019.

Household of Richard "Richard The Fearl..." FitzWilliam

(1) He is married to Gunnor.

They got married in the year 962 at France, he was 28 years old.

Child(ren):

Richard FitzRichard 963-1026
Robert 964-1037
Mauger ± 963-1040
Beatrice de Normandie ± 987-1035
Hawise de Normandie ± 978-1034
Emma iš Normandijos 985-1016

(2) He is married to Unknown mother of Guillaume Richard's Concubine Normandie.

They got married about 1000France.

Child(ren):

William of Normandy 980-1057

(3) He is married to Concubine of Normandie.

They got married in the year 953 at France, he was 19 years old.

Child(ren):

Geoffrey FitzRichard 962-1015

Notes about Richard "Richard The Fearl..." FitzWilliam

==========

Richard I, Duke of Normandy
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from Richard I of Normandy)

Richard I of Normandy (born 28 August 933, in Fecamp Normandy, France died November 20, 996, in Fecamp) was the Duke of Normandy from 942 to 996; he is considered the first to actually have held that title. He was called Richard the Fearless (French, Sans Peur).

[edit] Birth

He was born to William I of Normandy, ruler of Normandy, and his wife, Sprota. He was still a boy when his father died in 942. His mother was a Breton concubine captured in war and bound to William by a Danish marriage. After William died, Sprota became the wife of Esperleng, a wealthy miller; Rodulf of Ivry was their son and Richard's half-brother.

[edit] Life

Richard was still a boy when his father died, and so he was powerless to stop Louis IV of France when he seized Normandy. Louis kept him in confinement in his youth at Lâon, but he escaped with the assistance of Osmund de Centeville, Bernard de Senlis (who had been a companion of Rollo of Normandy), Ivo de Bellèsme, and Bernard the Dane (ancestor of families of Harcourt and Beaumont). In 968, Richard agreed to "commend" himself to Hugh, Count of Paris. He then allied himself with the Norman and Viking leaders, drove Louis out of Rouen, and took back Normandy by 947. He later quarrelled with Ethelred II of England regarding Viking invasions of England because Normandy had been buying up much of the stolen booty.

Richard was bilingual, having been well educated at Bayeux. He was more partial to his Danish subjects than to the French. During his reign, Normandy became completely Gallicized and Christianized. He introduced the feudal system and Normandy became one of the most thoroughly feudalized states on the continent. He carried out a major reorganization of the Norman military system, based on heavy cavalry. He also became guardian of the young Hugh, Count of Paris, on the elder Hugh's death in 956.

[edit] Marriages

He married 1st (960) Emma of Paris, daughter of Hugh the Great, Duke of the Franks and Count of Paris. They were betrothed when both were very young. She died after 966, with no issue.

According to Robert of Torigni, not long after Emma's death, Duke Richard went out hunting and stopped at the house of a local forester. He became enamoured of the forester's wife, Seinfreda, but she being a virtuous woman, suggested he court her unmarried sister, Gunnor, instead. Gunnor became his mistress, and her family rose to prominence. Her brother, Herefast de Crepon, may have been involved in a controversial heresy trial. Gunnor was, like Richard, of Norse descent, being a Dane by blood. Richard finally married her to legitimize their children:

* Richard II "the Good", Duke of Normandy (966)
* Robert, Archbishop of Rouen, Count of Evreux, died 1037.
* Mauger, Earl of Corbeil, died after 1033; his alleged grandson (or perhaps great-grandson) was Robert Fitzhamon, an important Anglo-Norman baron.
* Robert Danus, died between 985 and 989
* Emma of Normandy (c.985-1052) wife of two kings of England.
* Maud of Normandy, wife of Odo II of Blois, Count of Blois, Champagne and Chartres
* Hawise of Normandy (b. ca. 978), d. 21 February 1034. m. Geoffrey I, Duke of Brittany
* Beatrice of Normandy, Abbess of Montvilliers d.1034 m. Ebles of Turenne (d.1030 (divorced)
* Papia m. Gilbert de St Valery

[edit] Mistresses

Richard was known to have had several other mistresses and produced children with many of them. Known children are:

* Geoffrey, Count of Brionne, (b. ca. 970)

* William d'Eu, Count d'Eu, (b. ca. 985).

[edit] Death

He died in Fecamp, France on November 20, 996 of natural causes.

==========

GIVN Richard I "The Fearless"
SURN von Normandie
NSFX , Duke
AFN 9HMD-VF
DATE 9 SEP 2000
TIME 13:15:49

(Research):Richard I Encyclopædia Britannica Article born c. 932 died 996 byname Richard The Fearless, French Richard Sans Peur duke of Normandy (942-996), son of William I Longsword. Louis IV of France took the boy-duke into his protective custody, apparently intent upon reuniting Normandy to the crown's domains; but in 945 Louis was captured by the Normans, and Richard was returned to his people. Richard withstood further Carolingian attempts to subdue his duchy and, in 987, was instrumental in securing the French crown for his brother-in-law, the Robertian Hugh Capet.

Weis, p. 110.

Source #2: Sally N. Vaughn, "Anselm of Bec and Robert of Meulan: The Innocence of the Dove and the Wisdom of the Serpent" (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1987], p. 20; Appendix B (chart)

3rd Duke of Normandy[lildoc04.ged]

made Duke ca 941

3rd Duke of Normandy[v28t0449.FTW]

Duke of Normandy3rd Duke of Normandy (966)

aka Richard the Fearless

[New Cunard.ged]

Duke of Normandy (966)

aka Richard the Fearless3rd Duke of Normandy

Name Prefix: Duke Name Suffix: I, Of Normandy "The Fearless" acceded 942. From Rosamond McKitterick.s, "The Frankish Kingdoms under the Carolingians 751-987", London & NY (Longman) 1983, pp. 238-239: "When in 942 WILLIAM was murdered at the instigation of COUNT ARNULF OF FLANDERS (RIN 2173), his son Richard, still a minor, succeeded him. LOUIS IV (RIN 1617) and HUGH THE GREAT (RIN 1206) each tried to sieze Normandy, and LOUIS took charge of Richard. He then ensconced himself at Rouen and HUGH took Bayeux, which still had a Scandinavian leader called Sictric. Richard escaped from his custody at Laon, retook Rouen, and called on another Viking leader, Harald of the Bassin, for help. The Normans under Richard were able to re-establish their autonomy and from 947 Richard governed in relative peace. In 965 he swore allegiance to the Carolingian king Lothar [son of LOUIS IV] at Gisors. Richard's official marriage was to Emma,daughter of HUGH THE GREAT; they had no children, but by his common-law wife GUNNOR, a Dane, he had many. RICHARD II, son of GUNNOR and Richard I, succeeded his father in 996, another son Robert was archbishop of Rouen from 989 to 1037 and EMMA their daughter became queen of England on her marriage to AETHELREAD, aposition she maintained after his death in 1016 by marrying Knut. GUNNOR's nephews and other relatives furthermore formed the core of the new aristocracy which developed in the course of the eleventh century. Unfortunately we know little about the internal organization and history of Normandy until the reign of RICHARD II

Name Prefix: Duke Name Suffix: I, Of Normandy "Longsword" [inglisfamily.and Keith .4FBK.ged.FBK.FBK.FBK.FTW] William Longsword was kill ed ina rebellion of Rioulf of St. Savour in 933. He was supported by Anslech Turstain one of three barons who alone remained faithful and rendered milita ry assistance to the Duke, both descendants of Eisten Glumru by different wiv es. When William was assassinated the guardianship of his new-born son, Duke Robert,was given to three men, one of whom was Anslech Turstain. See notes u nderAnslech. From: The History and Pedigree of the Washington Family, by Albe rt Welles

One day when Duke Richard was told of the celebrated beauty of the wife of one of his foresters, who lived at a place called Equiqueville near the town of Arques, he deliberately went hunting there in order to see for himself whether the report he had learned from several folk was true.While staying in the forester's house, the duke was so struck by the beauty of his wife's face that he summoned his host to bring his wife, called Sainsfrida, that night to his bed chamber. Very sadly the man told this to Sainsfrida, a wise woman, who comforted him by saying that she would send in her place her sister Gunnor, a virgin even more beautiful than her. And thus it happened. Once the duke perceived the trick he was delighted that he had not committed the sin of adultery with another man'swife. . . ."

Louis IV of France took the boy-duke into his protective custody, apparently intent upon reuniting Normandy to the crown's domains; but in 945 Louis was captured by the Normans, and Richard was returned to his people. Richard withstood further Carolingian attempts to subdue his duchy and, in 987, was instrumental in securing the French crown for his brother-in-law, the Robertian Hugh Capet.

SOURCE CITATION:
Title: Ancestral File (TM)
Author: The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
Publication Information: July 1996 (c), data as of 2 January 1996
Repository Name: Family History Library
Address: 35 N West Temple Street
Salt Lake City, UT 84150 USA

SOURCE CITATION:
Title: Ancestral File (TM)
Author: The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
Publication Information: July 1996 (c), data as of 2 January 1996
Repository Name: Family History Library
Address: 35 N West Temple Street
Salt Lake City, UT 84150 USA

SOURCE CITATION:
Title: Ancestral File (TM)
Author: The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
Publication Information: July 1996 (c), data as of 2 January 1996
Repository Name: Family History Library
Address: 35 N West Temple Street
Salt Lake City, UT 84150 USA

[Norvell.FTW]

[Eno.ftw]

BIOGRAPHY: acceded 942.

Richard ?den Fryktløse? var hertug av Normandie 942 - 996.
Han ble også herre over Bretagne i 945, men måtte kjempe for sitt land mot Ludvig IV
av Frankrike.
Richard var gift 1. gang med Emma, søster til Hugo Capet, men de hadde ingen barn.

[Norvell.FTW]

[Eno.ftw]

BIOGRAPHY: acceded 942.

Richard I, byname RICHARD THE FEARLESS, French RICHARD SANS PEUR (b. c. 932--d. 996), duke of Normandy (942-996), son of William I Longsword.
Louis IV of France took the boy-duke into his protective custody, apparently intent upon reuniting Normandy to the crown's domains; but in 945 Louis was captured by the Normans, and Richard was returned to hispeople. Richard withstood further Carolingian attempts to subdue his duchy and, in 987, was instrumental in securing the French crown for his brother-in-law, the Robertian Hugh Capet

[s2.FTW]

Ruled 966-996.

Source: Church of JC of the LDS "Ancestral File" CD-Rom database, ver 4.17.[Brøderbund WFT Vol. 2, Ed. 1, Tree #1241, Date of Import: May 8, 1997]

!DUKE OF NORMANDYRuled 966-996.

Source: Church of JC of the LDS "Ancestral File" CD-Rom database, ver 4.17.[Brøderbund WFT Vol. 2, Ed. 1, Tree #1241, Date of Import: May 8, 1997]

!DUKE OF NORMANDY

Basic Life Information

He was born to William I of Normandy, ruler of Normandy, and Sprota of Senlis. He was born probably between 932 and 935; he was still a boy when his father died in 942. His mother was a Breton concubine captured in war and bound to William by a Danish marriage. After William died, Sprota became the wife of Esperleng, a wealthy miller.

Richard was still a boy when his father died, and so he was powerless to stop Louis IV of France when he seized Normandy. Louis kept him in confinement in his youth at Lâon, but he escaped with the assistance of Osmund de Centeville, Bernard de Senlis (who had been a companion of Rollo of Normandy), Ivo de Bellèsme, and Bernard the Dane (ancestor of families of Harcourt and Beaumont). In 968, Richard agreed to "commend" himself to Hugh, Count of Paris. He then allied himself with the Norman and Viking leaders, drove Louis out of Rouen, and took back Normandy by 947. He later quarrelled with Ethelred II of England regarding Viking invasions of England because Normandy had been buying up much of the stolen booty.

Richard was bilingual, having been well educated at Bayeux. He was more partial to his Norse and Danish subjects than to the French. During his reign, Normandy became completely Gallicized and Christianized. He introduced the feudal system and Normandy became one of the most thoroughly feudalized states on the continent. He carried out a major reorganization of the Norman military system, based on heavy cavalry. He also became guardian of the young Hugh, Count of Paris, on the elder Hugh's death in 956

Marriages and Children

Emma of Paris

He married 1st (960) Emma of Paris, daughter of Hugh the Great, Duke of the Franks and Count of Paris. They were betrothed when both were very young. She died after 966, with no issue.

Gunnor de Crepon

According to Robert of Torigni, not long after Emma's death, Duke Richard went out hunting and stopped at the house of a local forester. He became enamoured of the forester's wife, Seinfreda, but she being a virtuous woman, suggested he court her unmarried sister, Gunnor de Crepon, instead. Gunnor became his bride, and her family rose to prominence. Her brother, Herefast de Crepon, may have been involved in a controversial heresy trial. Gunnor was, like Richard, of Norse descent, being a Dane by blood. Richard finally married her to legitimate their children:

Death

He died in Fecamp, France on November 20, 996 of natural causes. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_I_of_Normandy)

Other Source

Richard I of Normandy was the leader of the Normans of Rouen [anachronistically, "Duke of Normandy"], 942-996. A minor at the assassination of his father William in 942, it was largely during Richard's long period of rule that what eventually became the duchy of Normandy evolved from what was essentially a pirate principality into a feudal state. Richard is described by such a wide range of words (comes, marchio, consul, princeps, dux) by various sources (sometimes of dubious authority) that it would be difficult to argue that there is a specific "title" by which he should be called [see Helmerichs 1997].

Marriages and Children

Emma of France

Daughter of Hughes le Grand, duke of France., in 960 [Flodoard's Annals, s.a. 960 (MGH SS 3, 405)], who was still alive 966 [GND 1: 129, n. 6, citing Fauroux (1961), #3], d.s.p. [Dudo iv, 85 (p. 163); GND iv, 18 (vol. 1, pp. 128-9)].

Gunnor

[Dudo iv, 125 (p. 163)], d. 4 or 8 January 1031 [Chron. Rothomag. RHF 10: 324 (year only); Ex Obituario Gemmeticensi, RHF 23, 417 (4 Jan.); Notæ Monasterii Montis Sancti Micaelis, RHF 23, 576 (8 Jan.)]. Robert de Torigny, in his additions to GND, stated that she was first Richard's mistress, and that the marriage occurred after the birth of the children. [GND (Rob. Tor.) viii, 36 (vol. 2, pp. 266-9)].

Richard and Gunnor had the following children:
Richard II, Duke of Normandy
Robert, Archbishop of Roen (d. 1037) and Count of Évreux
Mauger, count of Corbeil (d. after 1033)
Robertus Danus, (d. bef. 985×989)
2 Unamed sons
Emma of Normandy (d. 1052) , married Æthelred II "the Unready", King of England; and Knud/Canute, (d. 1035), King of England, Denmark and Norway
Hawise, married to Geoffrey I, Duke of Bretagne (Brittany). (d. 1034)
Mathilde, married to Eudes II, Count of Bloisd. (d. bef. 1005)

He had several natural children by unknown mistresses.

Richard was succeeded by his son Richard II in 996.
<http://sbaldw.home.mindspring.com/hproject/prov/richa000.html

Basic Life Information

Richard II, called the Good, was the son and heir of Richard the Fearless and Gunnora. He succeeded his father as Duke of Normandy in 996. Richard held his own against a peasant insurrection, and helped Robert II of France against the duchy of Burgundy. He also repelled an English attack on the Cotentin Peninsula that was led by Ethelred II of England. He pursued a reform of the Norman monasteries.

Richard attempted to improve relations with England through his sister's marriage to King Ethelred, but she was strongly disliked by the English. However, this connection later gave his grandson, William the Conqueror, his claim to the throne of England.

Marriages and Children

He married firstly (996) Judith of Brittany (982-1017), daughter of Conan I of Brittany, by whom he had the following issue:
Richard III, Duke of Normandy(c.997)
Robert, Duke of Normandy (c. 1000)
William, monk at Fecamp (d. 1025)
Adekaide (Adelaise), married to Renaud I, Count of Burgundy
Eleanor, Married to Baldwin IV, Count of Flanders
Matilda (d. 1033)

Secondly he married Poppa of Envermeu, by whom he had the following issue:
Mauger, Archbishop of Rouen
William, Count of Arques

<http://sbaldw.home.mindspring.com/hproject/prov/richa001.htm>
Basic Life Information

Richard II, called the Good, was the son and heir of Richard the Fearless and Gunnora. He succeeded his father as Duke of Normandy in 996. Richard held his own against a peasant insurrection, and helped Robert II of France against the duchy of Burgundy. He also repelled an English attack on the Cotentin Peninsula that was led by Ethelred II of England. He pursued a reform of the Norman monasteries.

Richard attempted to improve relations with England through his sister's marriage to King Ethelred, but she was strongly disliked by the English. However, this connection later gave his grandson, William the Conqueror, his claim to the throne of England.

Marriages and Children

He married firstly (996) Judith of Brittany (982-1017), daughter of Conan I of Brittany, by whom he had the following issue:
Richard III, Duke of Normandy(c.997)
Robert, Duke of Normandy (c. 1000)
William, monk at Fecamp (d. 1025)
Adekaide (Adelaise), married to Renaud I, Count of Burgundy
Eleanor, Married to Baldwin IV, Count of Flanders
Matilda (d. 1033)

Secondly he married Poppa of Envermeu, by whom he had the following issue:
Mauger, Archbishop of Rouen
William, Count of Arques

<http://sbaldw.home.mindspring.com/hproject/prov/richa001.htm>

Basic Life Information

Richard II, called the Good, was the son and heir of Richard the Fearless and Gunnora. He succeeded his father as Duke of Normandy in 996. Richard held his own against a peasant insurrection, and helped Robert II of France against the duchy of Burgundy. He also repelled an English attack on the Cotentin Peninsula that was led by Ethelred II of England. He pursued a reform of the Norman monasteries.

Richard attempted to improve relations with England through his sister's marriage to King Ethelred, but she was strongly disliked by the English. However, this connection later gave his grandson, William the Conqueror, his claim to the throne of England.

Marriages and Children

He married firstly (996) Judith of Brittany (982-1017), daughter of Conan I of Brittany, by whom he had the following issue:
Richard III, Duke of Normandy(c.997)
Robert, Duke of Normandy (c. 1000)
William, monk at Fecamp (d. 1025)
Adekaide (Adelaise), married to Renaud I, Count of Burgundy
Eleanor, Married to Baldwin IV, Count of Flanders
Matilda (d. 1033)

Secondly he married Poppa of Envermeu, by whom he had the following issue:
Mauger, Archbishop of Rouen
William, Count of Arques

<http://sbaldw.home.mindspring.com/hproject/prov/richa001.htm>

--Louis IV of France took the boy-duke into his protective custody, apparently intent upon reuniting Normandy to the crown's domains; but in 945 Louis was captured by the Normans, and Richard was returned to his people. Richard withstood further Carolingian attempts to subdue his duchy and, in 987, was instrumental in securing the French crown for his brother-in-law, the Robertian Hugh Capet.

Louis IV of France took the boy-duke into his protective custody,
apparently intent upon reuniting Normandy to the crown's domains; but
in 945 Louis was captured by the Normans, and Richard was returned to
his people. Richard withstood further Carolingian attempts to subdue
his duchy and, in 987, was instrumental in securing the French crown
for his brother-in-law, the Robertian Hugh Capet.

In the history of the Dukes of Normandy, there is no information between 931
and 942 as to the Dukes of Normandy. The 1st duke was Rollo, a direct
ancestor of the rest, 860?-931?, the leader of a menacing band of Viking
raiders. The Vikings set up their bases at the mouths of rivers. In 911 a
large company of Vikings, under Rollo, accepted from King Charles the Simple
of France, the simple territory in the lower Seine Valley that became known
as Normandy. Rollo, therefore, became the 1st Duke of Normandy. See Rollo.

Richard I of Normandy
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Richard the Fearless as part of the Six Dukes of Normandy statue in the town square of Falaise.Richard I of Normandy (born 28 August 933, in Fecamp Normandy, France died November 20, 996, in Fecamp) was the Duke of Normandy from 942 to 996; he is considered the first to actually have held that title. He was called Richard the Fearless (French, Sans Peur).

Contents [hide]
1 Birth
2 Life
3 Marriages
4 Mistresses
5 Death
6 Depictions in Fiction
7 Genealogy
8 Sources

[edit] Birth
He was born to William I of Normandy, ruler of Normandy, and his wife, Sprota. He was still a boy when his father died in 942. His mother was a Breton concubine captured in war and bound to William by a Danish marriage. After William died, Sprota became the wife of Esperleng, a wealthy miller.

[edit] Life
Richard was still a boy when his father died, and so he was powerless to stop Louis IV of France when he seized Normandy. Louis kept him in confinement in his youth at Lâon, but he escaped with the assistance of Osmund de Centeville, Bernard de Senlis (who had been a companion of Rollo of Normandy), Ivo de Bellèsme, and Bernard the Dane (ancestor of families of Harcourt and Beaumont). In 968, Richard agreed to "commend" himself to Hugh, Count of Paris. He then allied himself with the Norman and Viking leaders, drove Louis out of Rouen, and took back Normandy by 947. He later quarrelled with Ethelred II of England regarding Viking invasions of England because Normandy had been buying up much of the stolen booty.

Richard was bilingual, having been well educated at Bayeux. He was more partial to his Danish subjects than to the French. During his reign, Normandy became completely Gallicized and Christianized. He introduced the feudal system and Normandy became one of the most thoroughly feudalized states on the continent. He carried out a major reorganization of the Norman military system, based on heavy cavalry. He also became guardian of the young Hugh, Count of Paris, on the elder Hugh's death in 956.

[edit] Marriages
He married 1st (960) Emma of Paris, daughter of Hugh the Great, Duke of the Franks and Count of Paris. They were betrothed when both were very young. She died after 966, with no issue.

According to Robert of Torigni, not long after Emma's death, Duke Richard went out hunting and stopped at the house of a local forester. He became enamoured of the forester's wife, Seinfreda, but she being a virtuous woman, suggested he court her unmarried sister, Gunnor, instead. Gunnor became his mistress, and her family rose to prominence. Her brother, Herefast de Crepon, may have been involved in a controversial heresy trial. Gunnor was, like Richard, of Norse descent, being a Dane by blood. Richard finally married her to legitimate their children:

Richard II "the Good", Duke of Normandy (966)
Robert, Archbishop of Rouen, Count of Evreux, died 1037.
Mauger, Earl of Corbeil, died after 1033; his alleged grandson (or perhaps great-grandson) was Robert Fitzhamon, an important Anglo-Norman baro
Robert Danus, died between 985 and 989
Emma of Normandy (c.985-1052) wife of two kings of England.
Maud of Normandy, wife of Odo II of Blois, Count of Blois, Champagne and Chartres
Hawise of Normandy (b. ca. 978), d. 21 February 1034. m. Geoffrey I, Duke of Brittany
Beatrice of Normandy

[edit] Mistresses
Richard was known to have had several other mistresses and produced children with many of them. Known children are:

Geoffrey, Count of Brionne, (b. ca. 970)
William d'Eu, Count d'Eu, (b. ca. 985).

[edit] Death
He died in Fecamp, France on November 20, 996 of natural causes.

[edit] Depictions in Fiction
The Little Duke, a Victorian Juvenile novel by Charlotte Mary Yonge is a fictionalized account of Richard's boyhood and early struggles.

[edit] Genealogy

Diagram based on the information found on Wikipedia

[edit] Sources
McKitterick, Rosamund. The Frankish Kingdoms under the Carolingians 751-987, 1993.
Searle, Eleanor. Predatory Kinship and the Creation of Norman Power, 840-1066, 1998.
The Henry Project: Richard I of Normandy
Preceded by:
William I of Normandy Duke of Normandy Succeeded by:
Richard II

In the history of the Dukes of Normandy, there is no information between 931
and 942 as to the Dukes of Normandy. The 1st duke was Rollo, a direct
ancestor of the rest, 860?-931?, the leader of a menacing band of Viking
raiders. The Vikings set up their bases at the mouths of rivers. In 911 a
large company of Vikings, under Rollo, accepted from King Charles the Simple
of France, the simple territory in the lower Seine Valley that became known
as Normandy. Rollo, therefore, became the 1st Duke of Normandy. See Rollo.

Note for: Richard Sans Peur, 28 AUG 933 - 20 NOV 996
3 Duke of Normandy
Was only 10 years old when he succeeded, and the King of France, taking advantage of his age, thought it a favorable opportunity for reuniting Normandy to the dominion of the French crown. With this view, he went to Rouen soon after the assassination of Duke William, and found means to carry off the young duke under pretence of protecting him from his enemies, and superintending his education. However, by the dexterity of Osmond, his governor, Richard contrived, in a short time, to make his escape. The French king pursued him into Normandy and was defeated and taken prisoner by Airgold, King of Denmark, who the Normans had invited to the assistance of their young duke; nor was he set at liberty till he signed a solemn engagement not to molest Richard in the enjoyment of his duchy and was moreover obliged to deliver up his two sons, and some of his nobles, as hostages to his future conduct. This treaty was cheifly managed through the mediation of Hugh the Great, Duke of Paris, who was so much pleased with the young Duke of Nomandy, that he betrothed to him his daughter Emma, then only eigtht years of age, whom he afterwards married. Some years after, Hugh the Great, being on his bed appointed Richard, guardian of his son Hugh Capte, a trust which he faithfully executed and moreover greatly contributed by his exertions to the elevation of Hugh Capet to the throne of France.
Richard displayed great personal courage in battle and was called "Sans Peur" by his contemporaries. He had no children by the Princess Emma. After her death he married Gunnor, a Norman lady, by howme he had Richard, William, Count of Du, ancestor to the Clifford family and several other children.
He died in great sentiments of piety at the abbey of Fecamp, in Normandy in 996 and was buried in the abbey church.

Source: web site of John Kelly - http://www.spectrumdata.com/kelly/

In the history of the Dukes of Normandy, there is no information between 931
and 942 as to the Dukes of Normandy. The 1st duke was Rollo, a direct
ancestor of the rest, 860?-931?, the leader of a menacing band of Viking
raiders. The Vikings set up their bases at the mouths of rivers. In 911 a
large company of Vikings, under Rollo, accepted from King Charles the Simple
of France, the simple territory in the lower Seine Valley that became known
as Normandy. Rollo, therefore, became the 1st Duke of Normandy. See Rollo.

Richard I of Normandy (born 28 August 933, in Fécamp Normandy, France died November 20, 996, in Fécamp) was the Duke of Normandy from 942 to 996; he is considered the first to actually have held that title. He was called Richard the Fearless (French, Sans Peur).

Birth
He was born to William I of Normandy, ruler of Normandy, and his wife, Sprota. He was still a boy when his father died in 942. His mother was a Breton concubine captured in war and bound to William by a Danish marriage. After William died, Sprota became the wife of Esperleng, a wealthy miller; Rodulf of Ivry was their son and Richard's half-brother.[citation needed]

[edit] Life
Richard was still a boy when his father died, and so he was powerless to stop Louis IV of France when he seized Normandy. Louis kept him in confinement in his youth at Lâon, but he escaped with the assistance of Osmond de Centville, Bernard de Senlis (who had been a companion of Rollo of Normandy), Ivo de Bellèsme, and Bernard the Dane (ancestor of families of Harcourt and Beaumont). In 968, Richard agreed to "commend" himself to Hugh, Count of Paris. He then allied himself with the Norman and Viking leaders, drove Louis out of Rouen, and took back Normandy by 947. He later quarrelled with Ethelred II of England regarding Viking invasions of England because Normandy had been buying up much of the stolen booty.

Richard was bilingual, having been well educated at Bayeux. He was more partial to his Danish subjects than to the French. During his reign, Normandy became completely Gallicized and Christianized. He introduced the feudal system and Normandy became one of the most thoroughly feudalized states on the continent. He carried out a major reorganization of the Norman military system, based on heavy cavalry. He also became guardian of the young Hugh, Count of Paris, on the elder Hugh's death in 956.

[edit] Marriages
He married 1st (960) Emma of France, daughter of Hugh "The Great" of France, and Hedwiga de Sachsen. They were betrothed when both were very young. She died 19 Mar 968, with no issue.

According to Robert of Torigni, not long after Emma's death, Duke Richard went out hunting and stopped at the house of a local forester. He became enamoured of the forester's wife, Seinfreda, but she being a virtuous woman, suggested he court her unmarried sister, Gunnor, instead. Gunnor became his mistress, and her family rose to prominence. Her brother, Herefast de Crepon, may have been involved in a controversial heresy trial. Gunnor was, like Richard, of Norse descent, being a Dane by blood. Richard finally married her to legitimize their children:

Richard II "the Good", Duke of Normandy (966)
Robert, Archbishop of Rouen, Count of Evreux, died 1037.
Geoffrey, Count of Eu, b. abt 962 died abt 1015. (Parentage [mother] not certain)
Mauger, Earl of Corbeil, died after 1033; his alleged grandson (or perhaps great-grandson) was Robert Fitzhamon, an important Anglo-Norman baro
Robert Danus, died between 985 and 989
Emma of Normandy (c.985-1052) wife of two kings of England.
Maud of Normandy, wife of Odo II of Blois, Count of Blois, Champagne and Chartres
Hawise of Normandy (b. ca. 978), d. 21 February 1034. m. Geoffrey I, Duke of Brittany
Beatrice of Normandy, Abbess of Montvilliers d.1034 m. Ebles of Turenne (d.1030 (divorced)
Papia m. Gilbert de St Valery.
Fressenda (ca. 995-ca. 1057), m. Tancred of Hauteville.
Muriella m. Tancred of Hauteville.

[edit] Mistresses
Richard was known to have had several other mistresses and produced children with many of them. Known children are:

Geoffrey, Count of Brionne, (b. ca. 970)
William, Count of Eu (ca. 972-26 January 1057/58) m. Leseline de Turqueville (d. 26 January 1057/58).

[edit] Death
He died in Fecamp, France on November 20, 996 of natural causes.

[Weis 110] named father's heir 29 May 942.

[Wikipedia, "Richard I of Normandy", retrieved 19 Oct 07]
Richard I of Normandy (born 28 August 933, in Fecamp Normandy, France died November 20, 996, in Fecamp) was the Duke of Normandy from 942 to 996; he is considered the first to actually have held that title. He was called Richard the Fearless (French, Sans Peur).

Birth
He was born to William I of Normandy, ruler of Normandy, and his wife, Sprota. He was still a boy when his father died in 942. His mother was a Breton concubine captured in war and bound to William by a Danish marriage. After William died, Sprota became the wife of Esperleng, a wealthy miller.

Life
Richard was still a boy when his father died, and so he was powerless to stop Louis IV of France when he seized Normandy. Louis kept him in confinement in his youth at Lâon, but he escaped with the assistance of Osmund de Centeville, Bernard de Senlis (who had been a companion of Rollo of Normandy), Ivo de Bellèsme, and Bernard the Dane (ancestor of families of Harcourt and Beaumont). In 968, Richard agreed to "commend" himself to Hugh, Count of Paris. He then allied himself with the Norman and Viking leaders, drove Louis out of Rouen, and took back Normandy by 947. He later quarrelled with Ethelred II of England regarding Viking invasions of England because Normandy had been buying up much of the stolen booty.

Richard was bilingual, having been well educated at Bayeux. He was more partial to his Danish subjects than to the French. During his reign, Normandy became completely Gallicized and Christianized. He introduced the feudal system and Normandy became one of the most thoroughly feudalized states on the continent. He carried out a major reorganization of the Norman military system, based on heavy cavalry. He also became guardian of the young Hugh, Count of Paris, on the elder Hugh's death in 956.

Marriages
He married 1st (960) Emma of Paris, daughter of Hugh the Great, Duke of the Franks and Count of Paris. They were betrothed when both were very young. She died after 966, with no issue.

According to Robert of Torigni, not long after Emma's death, Duke Richard went out hunting and stopped at the house of a local forester. He became enamoured of the forester's wife, Seinfreda, but she being a virtuous woman, suggested he court her unmarried sister, Gunnor, instead. Gunnor became his mistress, and her family rose to prominence. Her brother, Herefast de Crepon, may have been involved in a controversial heresy trial. Gunnor was, like Richard, of Norse descent, being a Dane by blood. Richard finally married her to legitimate their children:

- Richard II "the Good", Duke of Normandy (966)
- Robert, Archbishop of Rouen, Count of Evreux, died 1037.
- Mauger, Earl of Corbeil, died after 1033; his alleged grandson (or perhaps great-grandson) was Robert-Fitzhamon, an important Anglo-Norman baron.
- Robert Danus, died between 985 and 989
- Emma of Normandy (c.985-1052) wife of two kings of England.
- Maud of Normandy, wife of Odo II of Blois, Count of Blois, Champagne and Chartres
- Hawise of Normandy (b. ca. 978), d. 21 February 1034. m. Geoffrey I, Duke of Brittany
- Beatrice of Normandy

Mistresses
Richard was known to have had several other mistresses and produced children with many of them. Known children are:

- Geoffrey, Count of Brionne, (b. ca. 970)
- William d'Eu, Count d'Eu, (b. ca. 985).

Death
He died in Fecamp, France on November 20, 996 of natural causes.

Depictions in Fiction
The Little Duke, a Victorian Juvenile novel by Charlotte Mary Yonge is a fictionalized account of Richard's boyhood and early struggles.

He was born to William I of Normandy, ruler of Normandy, and his wife, Sprota. He was still a boy when his father died in 942. His mother was a Breton concubine captured in war and bound to William by a Danish marriage. After William died, Sprota became the wife of Esperleng, a wealthy miller.

[edit] Life

Richard was still a boy when his father died, and so he was powerless to stop Louis IV of France when he seized Normandy. Louis kept him in confinement in his youth at Lâon, but he escaped with the assistance of Osmund de Centeville, Bernard de Senlis (who had been a companion of Rollo of Normandy), Ivo de Bellèsme, and Bernard the Dane (ancestor of families of Harcourt and Beaumont). In 968, Richard agreed to "commend" himself to Hugh, Count of Paris. He then allied himself with the Norman and Viking leaders, drove Louis out of Rouen, and took back Normandy by 947. He later quarrelled with Ethelred II of England regarding Viking invasions of England because Normandy had been buying up much of the stolen booty.

Richard was bilingual, having been well educated at Bayeux. He was more partial to his Danish subjects than to the French. During his reign, Normandy became completely Gallicized and Christianized. He introduced the feudal system and Normandy became one of the most thoroughly feudalized states on the continent. He carried out a major reorganization of the Norman military system, based on heavy cavalry. He also became guardian of the young Hugh, Count of Paris, on the elder Hugh's death in 956.

[edit] Marriages

He married 1st (960) Emma of Paris, daughter of Hugh the Great, Duke of the Franks and Count of Paris. They were betrothed when both were very young. She died after 966, with no issue.

According to Robert of Torigni, not long after Emma's death, Duke Richard went out hunting and stopped at the house of a local forester. He became enamoured of the forester's wife, Seinfreda, but she being a virtuous woman, suggested he court her unmarried sister, Gunnor, instead. Gunnor became his mistress, and her family rose to prominence. Her brother, Herefast de Crepon, may have been involved in a controversial heresy trial. Gunnor was, like Richard, of Norse descent, being a Dane by blood. Richard finally married her to legitimate their children:

* Richard II "the Good", Duke of Normandy (966)
* Robert, Archbishop of Rouen, Count of Evreux, died 1037.
* Mauger, Earl of Corbeil, died after 1033; his alleged grandson (or perhaps great-grandson) was Robert Fitzhamon, an important Anglo-Norman baron.
* Robert Danus, died between 985 and 989
* Emma of Normandy (c.985-1052) wife of two kings of England.
* Maud of Normandy, wife of Odo II of Blois, Count of Blois, Champagne and Chartres
* Hawise of Normandy (b. ca. 978), d. 21 February 1034. m. Geoffrey I, Duke of Brittany
* Beatrice of Normandy

[edit] Mistresses

Richard was known to have had several other mistresses and produced children with many of them. Known children are:

* Geoffrey, Count of Brionne, (b. ca. 970)

* William d'Eu, Count d'Eu, (b. ca. 985).

[edit] Death

He died in Fecamp, France on November 20, 996 of natural causes.

[edit] Depictions in Fiction

The Little Duke, a Victorian Juvenile novel by Charlotte Mary Yonge is a fictionalized account of Richard's boyhood and early struggles.

Robert Count of Evreaux and s/o Duke Richard I became the 5th
Archbishop of Rouen (990-1037)
Duke Richard I's daughter, Emma, was Queen of England twice

[Eldad_Grannis.FTW]

[SPARKMAN DATABASE.FTW]

[muncyeagle.FBC.FTW]

[Brøderbund WFT Vol. 19, Ed. 1, Tree #0402, Date of Import: 20 Nov 1999]

3rd Duke of Normandy
Source
Complete Peerage Vol X pg 193-218

Ancestral Roots of Sixty Colonists Who Came to New England between 1623and 1650, Sixth Editio n by Frederick Lewis Weis Genealogical PublishingCo.,
Baltimore 1988 line 39-22;
ThePlantagent Ancestry by W.H.Turton DSO Genealogical Publishing Co.Baltimore 1984 pp 11;

3rd Duke of Normandy

[Eldad_Grannis.FTW]

[SPARKMAN DATABASE.FTW]

[muncyeagle.FBC.FTW]

[Brøderbund WFT Vol. 19, Ed. 1, Tree #0402, Date of Import: 20 Nov 1999]

3rd Duke of Normandy
Source
Complete Peerage Vol X pg 193-218

Ancestral Roots of Sixty Colonists Who Came to New England between 1623and 1650, Sixth Editio n by Frederick Lewis Weis Genealogical PublishingCo.,
Baltimore 1988 line 39-22;
ThePlantagent Ancestry by W.H.Turton DSO Genealogical Publishing Co.Baltimore 1984 pp 11;

Spouses & Children

First Concubine (Wife)

Children:
Geoffrey Of , Count Eu
Beatrice Of Normandy

Princess Emma Of France (Wife)

Marriage: 960
Children:
Count Godfrey Of Brionne

Gunnora , Of Crepon De Crepon (Wife)

Marriage: 978 in Normandy,France
Children:
Count William , Of Eu Hiesmes
Duke Richard II, Of Normandy 4Th De Normandy
Count Mauger , Of Mortain De Normandy
Bishop Robert Of Rouen
Richard D'Everaux
Hawise Of Normandy
Emma Of Normandy

Alias: The /Fearless/
Byname Richard the Fearless, (in French, Richard Sans Peur), was Duke of
Normandy from 942-996. He was the son of William I Longsword. Louis IV
of France took the boy-duke into his protective custody, apparently
intent upon reuniting Normandy to the crown's domains, but in 945,Louis
was capture by the Normans, and Richard was returned to his people.
Richard withstood further Carolingian attempts to subdue his duchy and in
987 was instrumental in securing the French crown for his brother-in-law,
the Robertian Hugh Capet. (Encyclopaedia Britannica CD '97)

Duke of Normandy

[2159] DUDLE.GED file: 'Sanspuer - Americans of Royal Descent, Charles H. Browning, p.
30;
Richard the Fearless - NORM.TAF (Compuserve)'

3rd Duke of Normandy

BIRTH: COMYN4.TAF (Compuserve Roots), says ABT 933, p.4 NORM.TAF (Compuserve) COMYNI.GED (Compuserve) says ABT 933

DEATH: COMYN4.TAF (Compuserve Roots) p 4
NORM.TAF (Compuserve)
COMYNI.GED (Compuserve) says ABT 996

WSHNGT.ASC file (Geo Washington Ahnentafel) # 8725192 = 920710

http://www.generation.net/~grail/chsinclx.htm Saint Clair Bloodlinks (Clare & Sinclair) genealogy chart: his father sequestered 'his Saint Clairian son' at Fecamp's 'Holy Blood' Abbey from birth to puberty

[Geoffrey De Normandie, Gedcom BSJTK Smith Family Tree.ged]

"the Fearless"; Duke of Normandy; Richard I was officially married to Emma de France, daughter of Hugh "The Great". They had no children, but from his commmon-law wife Gunnora, a Dane, they had many.

Sources: RC 24, 89, 166, 168, 222; Coe; AF; Kings and Queens of Britain;
Norr (pages 46, 60); The Dukes of Normandy by Onslow; Butler; Pfafman;
A. Roots 1-19, 39, 121E; Kraentzler 1153, 1156, 1174, 1176, 1180, 1194, 1211,
1218, 1265, 1432, 1443; Davis; Magna Charta Sureties 157-1.
Roots: Richard I, "the Fearless," b. Fecamp, ca. 933; named father's heir
29 May 942. Married first (Danish wife) Gunnor but betrothed ca. 945 and
eventually married 960 to Emma. After Emma's death he married (Christian
marriage) Gunnor to legitimize their children.
Sureties: Richard I, the Fearless, Duke of Normandy.
Richard "sans Peur," Third Duke of Normandy, 942-996.
The line to the dukes of Normandy comes through Isabel St. Liz, and the line
to Charlemagne comes through her husband, William Mauduit. The lines merge
again with the marriage of Richard I, Duke of Normandy, and Emma, daughter of
Hugh "The Grand," who was--in all but name--King of France. His son, Hugh
Capet, later assumed the title, and primogeniture began in the French line of
kings.
The two lines met again later with the marriage of Adele, daughter of King
Robert II, and Richard III, Duke of Normandy.
Richard was betrothed to Emma for some time but did not marry her until
about 960, after the death of her father, Hugh the Great, in 956. Richard was
the guardian of Hugh's son, the Duke of Paris, and eventually married Emma to
strengthen his position. He did not treat her unkindly, he merely loved Gunnor.
"Poor Emma passed her life at Rouen alone and solitary, and eventually she
pined away and died about the year 962," Onslow says.

Davis: Richard I, the Fearless, Duke of Normandy from 942-996.
Norr: Richard I, the Fearless (san Peur), born about 933, 3rd duke. Married
(1) Agnes, daughter of Hugh le Grand and had issue. Married (2) Gunora, born
about 952, sister of a forester's wife whom Richard desired but who tricked him
with her younger sister.
*****
Richard I, "the Fearless" (sans Peur), 3rd Duke of Normandy (942/3-996), son of
William Longsword and Sprote de Bretagne.

SOURCES:
1. Stuart, Roderick W. _Royalty for Commoners_. 2nd Edition. Baltimore,
MD: Genealogical Publishing Company, Inc., 1992; line 166-33. Only says
that he was born about 933. Died 20 Nov 996 at Fecamp. Married after
962, (1) Emma (Agnes), daughter of Hugh le Grand, Count of Paris.
2. Taute, Anne. "Kings and Queens of Great Britain" chart. __ Edition.
Gives her date of death as 996.
3. Norr, Vernon M. _Some Early English Pedigrees_, page 60, generation 38.
Gives his death date as 996. This source states that he married (1)
Agnes, daughter of Hugh le Grand; had issue by and later married (2),
after Agnes' death, Gunora, born 952.
4. Ancestral File (AFN:9HMD-VF). Gives his birth date as 28 Aug 933. Death
date agrees with that given in Stuart.

Name Suffix: Duke of Normandy
1 NAME Richard I "the Fearless" of /Normandy/
2 SOUR S033320
3 DATA
4 TEXT Date of Import: Jan 17, 2001
1 BIRT
2 DATE 28 AUG 933
1 BIRT
2 DATE 28 AUG 933
2 PLAC Fecamp, Normandy, France
2 SOUR S033320
3 DATA
4 TEXT Date of Import: Jan 17, 2001
1 DEAT
2 DATE 20 NOV 996
2 PLAC ,Fecamp, Seine-Inferieure, France
2 SOUR S033320
3 DATA
4 TEXT Date of Import: Jan 17, 2001

[De La Pole.FTW]

Sources: RC 24, 89, 166, 168, 222; Coe; AF; Kings and Queens of Britain;
Norr (pages 46, 60); The Dukes of Normandy by Onslow; Butler; Pfafman;
A. Roots 1-19, 39, 121E; Kraentzler 1153, 1156, 1174, 1176, 1180, 1194, 1211,
1218, 1265, 1432, 1443; Davis; Magna Charta Sureties 157-1.
Roots: Richard I, "the Fearless,"b. Fecamp, ca. 933; named father's heir
29 May 942. Married first (Danish wife) Gunnor but betrothed ca. 945 and
eventually married 960 to Emma. After Emma's death he married (Christian
marriage) Gunnor to legitimize their children.
Sureties: Richard I, the Fearless, Duke of Normandy.
Richard "sans Peur," Third Duke of Normandy, 942-996.
The line to the dukes of Normandy comes through Isabel St. Liz, and the line
to Charlemagne comes through her husband, WilliamMauduit. The lines merge
again with the marriage of Richard I, Duke of Normandy, and Emma, daughter of
Hugh "The Grand," who was--in all but name--King of France. His son, Hugh
Capet, later assumed the title, and primogeniture began in the French line of
kings.
The two lines met again later with the marriage of Adele, daughter of King
Robert II, and Richard III, Duke of Normandy.
Richard was betrothed to Emma for some time but did not marry her until
about 960,after the death of her father, Hugh the Great, in 956. Richard was
the guardian of Hugh's son, the Duke of Paris, and eventually married Emma to
strengthenhis position. He did not treat her unkindly, he merely loved Gunnor.
"Poor Emma passed her life at Rouen alone and solitary, and eventually she
pined away and died about the year 962," Onslow says.

Davis: Richard I, the Fearless, Duke of Normandy from 942-996.
Norr: Richard I, the Fearless (san Peur), born about 933, 3rd duke. Married
(1) Agnes, daughter of Hugh le Grand and had issue. Married (2) Gunora, born
about 952, sister of a forester's wife whom Richarddesired but who tricked him
with her younger sister.
*****
Richard I, "the Fearless" (sans Peur), 3rd Duke of Normandy (942/3-996), son of
William Longsword and Sprote de Bretagne.

SOURCES:
1. Stuart, Roderick W. _Royalty for Commoners_. 2nd Edition. Baltimore,
MD: Genealogical Publishing Company, Inc., 1992; line 166-33. Only says
that he was born about 933. Died 20 Nov 996 at Fecamp. Married after
962, (1) Emma (Agnes), daughter of Hugh le Grand, Count of Paris.
2. Taute, Anne. "Kings and Queens of Great Britain" chart. __ Edition.
Gives her date of death as 996.
3. Norr, Vernon M. _Some Early English Pedigrees_, page 60, generation 38.
Gives his death date as 996. This source states that he married (1)
Agnes, daughter of Hugh le Grand; had issue byand later married (2),
after Agnes' death, Gunora, born 952.
4. Ancestral File (AFN:9HMD-VF). Gives his birth date as 28 Aug 933. Death
date agrees withthat given in Stuart.GIVN Richard I "the Fearless" Duke Of
SURN NORMANDY
AFN 9HMD-VF
REPO @REPO7@
TITL Ancestral File (TM)
AUTH The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
PUBL July 1996 (c), data as of 2 January 1996
ABBR Ancestral File (TM)
_MASTER Y

I wish I was sure of every name in this file & that I didnt
need to know what you think :) hey, but always refining this,
So if you spot a place where Im just flat wrong please tell
me or someone I didnt go on out with, I do this file out of fun and wanting to know, but do not
respond to the 'know it alls' , that dont have manners.I dont
consider them Kin!
Thanks and Happy Hunting!

EVEN
TYPE AKA (Facts Page)
PLAC The Fearless
EVEN
TYPE Title (Facts Page)
PLAC 4th Duke

GIVN Richard I "Sans Peur" Duke Of
SURN NORMANDY
AFN 9HMD-VF
REPO @REPO1097@
TITL Ancestral File (R)
AUTH The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
PUBL Copyright (c) 1987, June 1998, data as of 5 January 1998
ABBR Ancestral File (R)
_MASTER Y
REPO @REPO1097@
TITL Ancestral File (R)
AUTH The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
PUBL Copyright (c) 1987, June 1998, data as of 5 January 1998
ABBR Ancestral File (R)
_MASTER Y
REPO @REPO1097@
TITL Ancestral File (R)
AUTH The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
PUBL Copyright (c) 1987, June 1998, data as of 5 January 1998
ABBR Ancestral File (R)
_MASTER Y
REPO @REPO1097@
TITL Ancestral File (R)
AUTH The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
PUBL Copyright (c) 1987, June 1998, data as of 5 January 1998
ABBR Ancestral File (R)
_MASTER Y
REPO @REPO1097@
TITL Ancestral File (R)
AUTH The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
PUBL Copyright (c) 1987, June 1998, data as of 5 January 1998
ABBR Ancestral File (R)
_MASTER Y
REPO @REPO1097@
TITL Ancestral File (R)
AUTH The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
PUBL Copyright (c) 1987, June 1998, data as of 5 January 1998
ABBR Ancestral File (R)
_MASTER Y
DATE 9 OCT 2000
TIME 22:01:53

Also hehd the title of Count.
GEDCOM line 1206 not recognizable or too long:
1 NAME Richard I "the Fearless" Duke Of /NORMANDY/
From Ancestral File (TM), data as of 2 January 1996.

EVEN
TYPE Acceded
DATE 942

NSFX "the Fearless"
TYPE Book
AUTH Stuart, Roderick W.
PERI Royalty for Commoners
EDTN 3d
PUBL Genealogical Publishing co., Inc, Baltimore, MD (1998)
ISB 0-8063-1561-X
TEXT 89-33; 166-33; 222-35
TYPE Book
AUTH Å or c:Weis, Frederick Lewis
PERI Ancestral Roots
EDTN 7th
PUBL Genealogical Publishing Co., Inc., Baltimore, MD (1999)
TEXT 1-19; (39-22); 121E-20
poisoned by Comté de Flanders
DATE 28 MAY 2000

GIVN Richard I, The Fearless Duke of
SURN Normandy
AFN 9HMD-VF
EVEN
TYPE Acceded
DATE 942
DATE 25 AUG 2000
TIME 06:40:24

NPFX King
GIVN Richard I "The Fearless" of
SURN NORMANDY
NSFX King of England, 3ed Duke Normandy
ABBR Compuserve
TITL Any information taken from Compuserve.
AUTH Various authors
PAGE From a message sent by T.E. Graves
ABBR Compuserve
TITL Any information taken from Compuserve.
AUTH Various authors
PAGE From a message sent by T.E. Graves
EVEN Recieved title of the 3ed Duke of Normandy
TYPE Misc
DATE 943
ABBR ENGLAND
TITL Four volume set
AUTH John Richar Gree, LL.D.
PUBL The Co-Operative Publication Society, New York & London, No date.
In the library of H. Arthur Packard.
PAGE Book one, pp 116
QUAY 2
ABBR History Of England
TITL History textbook
AUTH Katharine Coman & Elizabeth Kimball Kendall
PUBL The Macmillian Co, 1905
PAGE pp 59
QUAY 2
ABBR History Of England
TITL History textbook
AUTH Katharine Coman & Elizabeth Kimball Kendall
PUBL The Macmillian Co, 1905
PAGE pp 59
QUAY 2

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TEXT Date of Import: Feb 1, 1999

_FA1
PLAC The FearlessThe Fearless. Count of Paris

TITL tree1.ged
REPO
CALN
MEDI Other
DATA
TEXT Date of Import: Oct 20, 1999
EVEN
TYPE Title (Facts Pg)
PLAC Duc de Normandie - the Fearless

OCCU 3rd Duke of Normandy

TITL pennington.FTW
REPO
CALN
MEDI Other
PAGE Tree #1222
DATA
TEXT Date of Import: Aug 19, 1997
TITL pennington.FTW
REPO
CALN
MEDI Other
PAGE Tree #1222
DATA
TEXT Date of Import: Aug 19, 1997
TITL pennington.FTW
REPO
CALN
MEDI Other
PAGE Tree #1222
DATA
TEXT Date of Import: Aug 19, 1997

OCCU 3rd Duke of Normandy...
SOUR Royalty for Commoners, Roderick W. Stuart, p. 124 says CIR 933;
GWALTNEY.ANC says 933/942 Fecamp; members.aol.com/sargen3 says 28 Aug 933, No;
MINOR.TAF (Compuserve), 4653070 says 933; CHARL.TXT says 932
SOUR COMYN4.TAF (Compuserve Roots);
HAWKINS.GED; www.teleport.com/ddonahue/donahue ;
Royalty for Commoners, Roderick W. Stuart, p. 124
SOUR A Short History of England, Edward P. Cheyney, p. 89;
The Norman Conquest, C.T. Chevallier, p. 6;
Royalty for Commoners, Roderick W. Stuart, p. 67,124,125,162
Sanspuer - Americans of Royal Descent, Charles H. Browning, p. 30;
Richard the Fearless - NORM.TAF (Compuserve); 3rd Duke of Normandy, 942-996 -
The Norman Conquest, C.T. Chevallier, p. 6;Americans of Royal Descent, Charles
H. Browning, p. 408 says parents were William I & Leutgarde de Vermadois-NLP;
Gunnor was his common law wife - CHARL.TXT; Aceded 942 - gendex.com/users
/daver/rigney/D0001

OCCU 3rd Duke of Normandy...
SOUR Royalty for Commoners, Roderick W. Stuart, p. 124 says CIR 933;
GWALTNEY.ANC says 933/942 Fecamp; members.aol.com/sargen3 says 28 Aug 933, No;
MINOR.TAF (Compuserve), 4653070 says 933; CHARL.TXT says 932
SOUR COMYN4.TAF (Compuserve Roots);
HAWKINS.GED; www.teleport.com/ddonahue/donahue ;
Royalty for Commoners, Roderick W. Stuart, p. 124
SOUR A Short History of England, Edward P. Cheyney, p. 89;
The Norman Conquest, C.T. Chevallier, p. 6;
Royalty for Commoners, Roderick W. Stuart, p. 67,124,125,162
Sanspuer - Americans of Royal Descent, Charles H. Browning, p. 30;
Richard the Fearless - NORM.TAF (Compuserve); 3rd Duke of Normandy, 942-996 -
The Norman Conquest, C.T. Chevallier, p. 6;Americans of Royal Descent, Charles
H. Browning, p. 408 says parents were William I & Leutgarde de Vermadois-NLP;
Gunnor was his common law wife - CHARL.TXT; Aceded 942 - gendex.com/users
/daver/rigney/D0001

OCCU 3rd Duke of Normandy...
SOUR Royalty for Commoners, Roderick W. Stuart, p. 124 says CIR 933;
GWALTNEY.ANC says 933/942 Fecamp; members.aol.com/sargen3 says 28 Aug 933, No;
MINOR.TAF (Compuserve), 4653070 says 933; CHARL.TXT says 932
SOUR COMYN4.TAF (Compuserve Roots);
HAWKINS.GED; www.teleport.com/ddonahue/donahue ;
Royalty for Commoners, Roderick W. Stuart, p. 124
SOUR A Short History of England, Edward P. Cheyney, p. 89;
The Norman Conquest, C.T. Chevallier, p. 6;
Royalty for Commoners, Roderick W. Stuart, p. 67,124,125,162
Sanspuer - Americans of Royal Descent, Charles H. Browning, p. 30;
Richard the Fearless - NORM.TAF (Compuserve); 3rd Duke of Normandy, 942-996 -
The Norman Conquest, C.T. Chevallier, p. 6;Americans of Royal Descent, Charles
H. Browning, p. 408 says parents were William I & Leutgarde de Vermadois-NLP;
Gunnor was his common law wife - CHARL.TXT; Aceded 942 - gendex.com/users
/daver/rigney/D0001

DATE 23 MAY 2000

From Rosamond McKitterick, "The Frankish Kingdoms under the Carolingians 751-987", London & NY (Longman) 1983, pp. 238-239:

"When in 942 WILLIAM was murdered at the instigation of COUNT ARNULF OF FLANDERS, his son Richard, still a minor, succeeded him. LOUIS IV and HUGH THE GREAT each tried to sieze Normandy, and LOUIS took charge of Richard. He then ensconced himself at Rouen and HUGH took Bayeux, which still had a Scandinavian leader called Sictric. Richard escaped from his custody at Laon, retook Rouen, and called on another Viking leader, Harald of the Bassin, for help. The Normans under Richard were able to re-establish their autonomy and from 947 Richard governed in relative peace. In 965 he swore allegiance to the Carolingian king Lothar [son of LOUIS IV] at Gisors. Richard's official marriage was to Emma, daughter of HUGH THE GREAT; they had no children, but by his common-law wife GUNNOR, a
Dane, he had many. RICHARD II, son of GUNNOR and Richard I, succeeded his father in 996, another son Robert was archbishop of Rouen from 989 to 1037 and EMMA their daughter became queen of England on her marriage to AETHELREAD, a position she maintained after his death in 1016 by marrying Knut. GUNNOR's nephews and other relatives furthermore formed the core of the new aristocracy which developed in the course of the eleventh century. Unfortunately we know little about the internal organization and history of Normandy until the reign of RICHARD II."

From "Predatory Kinship and the Creation of Norman Power, 840-1066"
by Eleanor Searle, University of California Press, 1988:

"The Acknowledged Children of Richard I: Sons. The most revealing evidence of the prestige and power of Richard and his successor is to be found in the endowments and marriages of their children. The wife whose Norseness and high status made her an acceptable equal in the eyes of his chieftains was a woman whose children commanded paternal recognition, for they would have powerful maternal kinsmen upon whose loyalty they could call. Even so, it is remarkable that Dudo, with GUNNOR at his side, tells the reader only the number of children she bore Richard: five boys and three girls. He does not give their names, and Richard's sons defy full identification. RICHARD II was certainly GUNNOR's son, as was his virtual co-ruler, Robert, archbishop of Rouen. Charters identify their relationship clearly, but they do not identify any of her husband's other sons as GUNNOR's...."
"Richard I and his new settler -in-laws of the 960s were the winners who lasted. In becoming so they learned (and taught) two principles of
success that marked them off from the Franks. They learned the value of a strong centralizing chieftain who could at least freeze the status quo once his own local chieftains had taken what they wanted. The more successful he was, the more chiefs attached themselves to him for just this: with his warranty, backed by his chieftains, their defeated enemies could not recover by violence what had been taken from them by violence. Thus were the Norman dukes 'settlers of quarrels.' Fearlessness was the necessary quality in such a corrdinating chieftain, and Richard I, who has no encomiast of his deeds, has at least this sobriquet, "the Fearless" Those who were great fighters and the ruthlessly, selectively violent, were the great centralizers among the threatened and rapacious Norse."

During the minority of his (WILLIAM LONG-SWORD) successor, Duke Richard, KING LOUIS IV, who was making an expedition into Normandy, was captured by the inhabitants of Rouen and handed over to HUGH THE GREAT. From this time onwards the dukes of Normandy began to enter into relations with the dukes of France; and in 958 Duke Richard married HUGH THE GREAT's daughter. He died in 996. (Succeeded by RICHARD II.)

Source: Tim Sandberg's GEDCOM V. Oct. 29, 2001
WARNING! THIS GENEALOGY IS, AND WILL REMAIN FOREVER, A WORK IN PROGRESS. THE AUTHOR IS NOT A PROFESSIONAL GENEALOGIST, BUT HAS TRIED TO VERIFY ALL DATA. IT CANNOT BE GUARANTEED FREE OF ERRORS!

TITL University of Hull Royal Database (England)
AUTH Brian Tompsett, Dept of Computer Science
PUBL copyright 1994, 1995, 1996
usually reliable but sometimes includes hypothetical lines, mythological figures, etc
REPO
WWW, University of Hull, Hull, UK HU6 7RX (XXXXX@XXXX.XXX)
CALN
MEDI Electronic
TITL Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America bef 1760
AUTH Frederick Lewis Weis
PUBL 7th ed Genealogical Publishing, Baltimore 1992
Same ref source as earlier ed, "Ancestral Roots of 60 Colonists who Came to New England 1623-1650" ed 1-6
good to very good
REPO
J.H. Garner
CALN
MEDI Book
PAGE line 235 p 201
DATA
TEXT no parents
TITL University of Hull Royal Database (England)
AUTH Brian Tompsett, Dept of Computer Science
PUBL copyright 1994, 1995, 1996
usually reliable but sometimes includes hypothetical lines, mythological figures, etc
REPO
WWW, University of Hull, Hull, UK HU6 7RX (XXXXX@XXXX.XXX)
CALN
MEDI Electronic
DATA
TEXT b 933
TITL University of Hull Royal Database (England)
AUTH Brian Tompsett, Dept of Computer Science
PUBL copyright 1994, 1995, 1996
usually reliable but sometimes includes hypothetical lines, mythological figures, etc
REPO
WWW, University of Hull, Hull, UK HU6 7RX (XXXXX@XXXX.XXX)
CALN
MEDI Electronic
_FA1
PLAC Acceded: 942. 3rd Duke of Normandy.
TITL University of Hull Royal Database (England)
AUTH Brian Tompsett, Dept of Computer Science
PUBL copyright 1994, 1995, 1996
usually reliable but sometimes includes hypothetical lines, mythological figures, etc
REPO
WWW, University of Hull, Hull, UK HU6 7RX (XXXXX@XXXX.XXX)
CALN
MEDI Electronic
TITL Ahnentafel for Margery Arundell
AUTH Marlyn Lewis
PUBL 08 Oct 1997
REPO
CALN
MEDI Manuscript
DATA
TEXT no date
_FA2
PLAC Encouraged monasticism in Normandy.
_FA3
PLAC Buried: Fecamp, Seine-Inferieure, France.

fr. Rosamond McKitterick, *The Frankish Kingdoms under the Carolingians 751-987*, London & NY (Longman) 1983, p 238-239: "When in 942 William was murdered at the instigation of Count Arnulf of Flanders, his son Richard, still a minor, succeeded him. Louis IV and Hugh the Great each tried to sieze Normandy, and Louis took charge of Richard. He then ensconced himself at Rouen and Hugh took Bayeux, which still had a Scandinavian leader called Sictric. Richard escaped from his custody at Laon, retook Rouen, and called on another Viking leader, Harald of the Bassin, for help. The Normans under Richard were able to re-establish their autonomy and from 947 Richard governed in relative peace. In 965 he wore allegiance to the Carolingian king Lothar at Gisors.
"Richard I and his new settler in-laws of the 960s were the winners who lasted. In becoming so they learned (and taught) two principles of success that marked them off from the Franks. They learned the value of a strong centralizing chieftain who could at least freeze the status quo once his own local chieftains had taken what they wanted. The more successful he was, the more chiefs attached themselves to him for just this: with his warranty, backed by his chieftains, their defeated enemies could not recover by violence what had been taken from them by violence. Thus were the Norman dukes 'settlers of quaarrels.' Fearlessness was the necessary quality in such a corrdinating chieftain, and Richard I, who has no encomiast of his deeds, has at least this sobriquet, "the Fearless" Those who were great fighters and the ruthlessly, selectively violent, were the great centralizers among the threatened and rapacious Norse." --*Predatory Kinship and the Creation of Norman Power, 840-1066* by Eleanor Searle, University of California Press, 1988. He was poisoned by the Count of Flanders.

!Name is; Richard I, "the Fearless" Duke of /NORMANDY/

Richard I, 3rd Duc de Normandie was born on 28 August 933 at Fecamp, Normandy, France.3 He was the son of Guillaume I 'Longsword', 2nd Duc de Normandie and Sprota (?).1,2 He married, firstly, Emma de Paris, daughter of Hugues of Neustria, Comte de Paris and Hedwig von Sachsen, in 960.2 He married, secondly, Gonnor de Crepon, daughter of unknown de Crepon, in 962.3 He died on 20 November 996 at age 63 at Fecamp, Normandy, France.2
Richard I, 3rd Duc de Normandie also went by the nick-name of Richard 'the Fearless'.1 He succeeded to the title of 3rd Duc de Normandie on 17 December 942.1
Children of Richard I, 3rd Duc de Normandie
William de Hiesmes, Comte de Hiesmes et d'Eu+ d. 2 Jan2
Godfrey, Comte de Brionne+ b. c 953, d. c 10152
Children of Richard I, 3rd Duc de Normandie and Gunnor de Crêpon
Mauger de Normandie, Comte de Corbeil+
Matilda de Normandie d. c 1017
Beatrix de Normandie
Hedwig de Normandie+ d. 21 Feb 10342
Robert d'Evreux, Comte d'Evreux+ d. 10372
Richard II, 4th Duc de Normandie+ b. c 963, d. 28 Aug 10271
Emma de Normandie+ b. bt 985 - 987, d. 14 Mar 1052

!Name is; Richard I, "the Fearless" Duke of /NORMANDY/

Richard I of Normandy (c.935 - November 20, 996) was the Duke of Normandy from 942 to 996; he is considered the first to actually have held that title. He was called Richard the Fearless (French, Sans Peur). Birth He was born to William I of Normandy, ruler of Normandy, and Sprota of Senlis. He was born probably between 932 and 935; he was still a boy when his father died in 942. His mother was a Breton concubine captured in war and bound to William by a Danish marriage. After William died, Sprota became the wife of Esperleng, a wealthy miller Life Richard was still a boy when his father died, and so he was powerless to stop Louis IV of France when he seized Normandy. Louis kept him in confinement in his youth at Lón, but he escaped with the assistance of Osmund de Centeville, Bernard de Senlis (who had been a companion of Rollo), Ivo de Bellsme, and Bernard the Dane (ancestor of families of Harcourt and Beaumont). In 968, Richard agreed to "commend" himself to

GIVN Richard I "The Fearless"
SURN von Normandie
NSFX , Duke
AFN 9HMD-VF
DATE 9 SEP 2000
TIME 13:15:49

Weis has an additional 6 generations of ancestors for Richard.

richard the fearless
http://trees.ancestry.com/rd?f=image&guid=7540d336-ed93-49d0-811f-f3d94f8c478c&tid=9125446&pid=-833899863

[Burkes] states that Emma died with no issue. [AJB] where did Hawise
come from???? [] Richard I had a Danish Marriage with Gunnora, and an
official marriage with Emma. After Emma's death Richard and Gunnora had
a Christian marriage to legitimize their children: Archbishop Robert,
and Richard II. The other two children may or may not have been from
Gunnora.
[] Richard 'the Fearless'. [Tom Bjornstad, ]
..Emma of Paris may have been the first wife of Richard I the
Fearless..
[The Saxon & Norman Kings, by Christopher Brooke] Richard I, Duke of
Normandy, first of the Norman Kings, (966-969).
-Other sources have his birth and death years as 933-996. NAME Richard
I, the Fearless, Duke of Normandy.
Tilleggskilde: Wurts, John S., Magna Charta: The Pedigrees of the
Barons, Philadelphia, PA: Brookfield Publishing Co, 1942. Roots of
Sixty Colonists, 6th Edition, Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Co,
1988.

[Jeremiah Brown.FTW]

[from Ancestry.com 81120.GED]

Richard had many children by a number of women. It is difficult to determine who belongs to which mother. He was called "Richard the Fearless", perhaps for this reason.

#Générale#s:cg90.147 ; ds02.46 ; ds07.15 ; LFFN.35

note couple : s:ds02.11 et 79

note couple : s:ds02.79 ; ds03.695 ; webpark ; Auréjac

note couple : s:ds02.79

{geni:about_me} http://www.friesian.com/flanders.htm#norman

http://genealogics.org/getperson.php?personID=I00020047&tree=LEO

'''Richard I 'Sans-Peur' FitzWilliam Duc de Normandie'''

English: Richard the Fearless, Duke of Normandy

* Parents: Vilhjálm Langaspjót & Sprota de Senlis
* Spouse: Gunnor de Crépon
* Children:

1. Richard II 'le Bon', Duke of Normandy (966)

2. Robert, Archbishop of Rouen, Count of Evreux, died 1037.

3. Mauger, Earl of Corbeil, died after 1033.

4. Robert Danus, died between 985 and 989 (some sources have this one as identical to Robert the archbishop - another possibility is a child who died young)

5. (unknown son)

6. Emma (Ælfgifu) of Normandy (c. 985-1052) wife of two kings of England.

7. Hawise (Havoise) married Geoffroi de Bretagne

8. Maud of Normandy, wife of Odo II of Blois, Count of Blois, Champagne and Chartres

LINKS

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_I,_Duke_of_Normandy

http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Ier_de_Normandie

http://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rikard_I_av_Normandie

NOTE

Richard I of Normandy was the Duke of Normandy from 942 to 996; he is considered the first to actually have held that title.

------------------------

MEDIEVAL LANDS

RICHARD, son of GUILLAUME Comte [ de Normandie] & his first wife Sprota --- (Fécamp [932]-Fécamp 20 Nov 996, bur Fécamp[71]).

Guillaume de Jumièges names Richard as son of Guillaume and Sprota, recording that news of his birth was brought to his father when he was returning from his victory against the rebels led by "Riulf"[72]. Flodoard records "filio ipsius Willelmi, nato de concubina Brittana" being granted the land of the Normans by King Louis after his father's death[73].

Richard is described as "a boy" on the death of his father by Dudo of Saint-Quentin[74], and as "ten years old" at the time by Orderic Vitalis[75]. Guillaume de Jumièges records that Richard succeeded his father under the guardianship of "Bernard le Danois"[76]. After the death of Richard's father, Louis IV "d'Outremer" King of France briefly controlled Rouen, and kept Richard prisoner, before the latter was able to escape[77], whereupon he succeeded as RICHARD I "Sans Peur" Comte [de Normandie]. He used the title Comte de Rouen/comes Rothomagensium, and from 966 Marquis des Normands/marchio Normannorum[78]. Soon after succeeding, he suppressed the rebellion of Rodulf "Torta", who was banished and fled to Paris[79]. These events are not dated, but are recounted with the betrothal of Richard to the daughter of Hugues Duc des Francs, which took place in 945. His forces defeated the army of Otto I King of Duitsland after it attempted to capture Rouen in revenge for the escape of comte Richard from captivity[80]. Comte Richard defeated French forces after King Lothaire of France captured Evreux. Hugues "le Grand" Duc des Francs nominated comte Richard as guardian of his son, the future Hugues "Capet" King of France, in 956, the arrangement being confirmed by Richard's betrothal to Hugues's sister[81]. He invited William of Volpiano, Italian abbot of Saint-Bénigne at Dijon, to reform the Norman abbeys, installing monks at Mont-Saint-Michel and Fécamp[82]. He agreed a non-aggression pact with Æthelred II King of England 1 Mar 991, designed no doubt to prevent either side from sheltering Viking marauders[83]. "Ricardus filius Willelmi, dux Normannie" founded Louviers "in Ebroicensi pago" by undated charter[84]. Guillaume de Jumièges records the death of Duke Richard at Fécamp in 996[85].

m firstly (betrothed 956, Rouen 960) EMMA, daughter of HUGUES "le Grand" Duc des Francs, Comte de Paris & his third wife Hedwig of Duitsland ([943]-after 19 Mar 968). The Liber Modernorum Regum Francorum records the marriage in 956 of "Richardus filius Guillelmi principis Normannorum" with "filiam Hugonis ducis", although she is not named[86]. Guillaume de Jumièges records the betrothal of Emma daughter of Hugues to Richard, arranged at the same time her father appointed her future husband as guardian of her brother Hugues, the future Hugues "Capet" King of France, and in a later passage records their marriage at Rouen after the death of her father[87]. No direct proof has yet been identified that Emma was the daughter of her father's third marriage. However, this is likely given that betrothals at the time normally took place when the female partner was in early adolescence. Guillaume de Jumièges records the death of Emma without children[88].

m secondly ([before 989]) GUNNORA, daughter of --- ([950]-5 Jan 1031). Guillaume de Jumièges records the marriage of Duke Richard and "Gunnor, issue d'une très-noble famille danoise" soon after the death of his first wife[89]. According to Robert de Torigny, the marriage took place to legitimise Richard and Gunnora's son Robert to permit his appointment as Bishop of Rouen[90]. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names "Gunnor" as the wife of "dux Normannie primus Richardus"[91]. It appears from Dudo de Saint-Quentin that Gunnora was Richard I's mistress before she married him. "Duke Richard [II]" donated property to the abbey of Mont Saint-Michel by charter dated to [1024/26], subscribed by "…Gonnor matris comitis…"[92]. Robert of Torigny records the death in 1030 of "Gunnor comitissa uxor primi Ricardi"[93]. The necrology of Saint-Père-en-Vallée records the death "Non Jan" of "Gonnoridis…comitissa Normannie"[94].

Richard & his second wife had eight children (legitimated [before 989] by the subsequent marriage of their parents):

1. RICHARD (-23 Aug 1026). Guillaume de Jumièges names (in order) "Richard, Robert, Mauger" as three of the five sons of Duke Richard and Gunnora[95]. He succeeded his father in 996 as RICHARD II "le Bon/l'Irascible" Comte de Normandie. Duke of Normandy [1015].

2. ROBERT (-1037). Guillaume de Jumièges names (in order) "Richard, Robert, Mauger" as three of the five sons of Duke Richard and Gunnora, recording in a later passage that Robert succeeded Hugues as Archbishop of Rouen[96]. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names "Robertus archiepiscopus Rothomagensis" as brother of "dux Normannie Richardus II"[97]. He is named brother of Duke Richard II by Orderic Vitalis[98]. Comte d'Evreux. Bishop of Rouen 989, after his parents married to legitimise him in order to regularise his appointment[99]. An agreement between the abbots of Jumièges and Bougeuil concerning an exchange of land in Poitou, by charter dated [13 Apr/4 Apr] 1012, is subscribed by "Richardus…filius Ricardi principi magni…Robertus archiepiscopus…ecclesie Rotomagensis et Vuillelmus et Malgerus fratres Richardi comitis…"[100]. He quarrelled with his nephew Robert II Duke of Normandy and took refuge in France. Robert of Torigny records the death in 1037 of "Robertus…archiepiscopus Rothomagensis"[101].

3. ROBERT ["Danus"] (-12 Aug [985/89]). Robert of Torigny names "Ricardum…qui ei successit et Robertum postea archiepiscopum Rothomagensium et Malgerium comitem Curbuliensem, aliosque duos" as the sons of "Ricardi primi ducis Normanniæ" and Gunnora[102]. Houts names one of the unnamed sons Robert "Danus" but does not give her source[103]. The necrology of Saint-Père-en-Vallée records the death "II Id Aug" of "Robertus puer filius comitis Richardi"[104].

4. MAUGER (-[1033/40]). Guillaume de Jumièges names (in order) "Richard, Robert, Mauger" as three of the five sons of Duke Richard and Gunnora[105]. Robert of Torigny names "Ricardum…qui ei successit et Robertum postea archiepiscopum Rothomagensium et Malgerium comitem Curbuliensem, aliosque duos" as the sons of "Ricardi primi ducis Normanniæ" and Gunnora[106]. An agreement between the abbots of Jumièges and Bougeuil concerning an exchange of land in Poitou, by charter dated [13 Apr/4 Apr] 1012, is subscribed by "Richardus…filius Ricardi principi magni…Robertus archiepiscopus…ecclesie Rotomagensis et Vuillelmus et Malgerus fratres Richardi comitis…"[107]. Comte de Corbeil, by right of his wife.

5. son . Robert of Torigny names "Ricardum…qui ei successit et Robertum postea archiepiscopum Rothomagensium et Malgerium comitem Curbuliensem, aliosque duos" as the sons of "Ricardi primi ducis Normanniæ" and Gunnora[108]. No reference has been found to the name of this son.

6. EMMA ([985]-Winchester 14 Mar 1052, bur Winchester Cathedral). Guillaume de Jumièges names Emma as one of the three daughters of Duke Richard and Gunnora[109]. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names "Emma Anglorum regina" as sister of "dux Normannie Richardus II"[110]. Emma was described by Henry of Huntingdon as "Emma Normanorum gemma"[111], although it is not known whether this was a particular indication of her beauty or mere hyperbole. She was known as ÆLFGIFU in England[112]. Her first husband sent her to her brother's court in Normandy in 1013 after the invasion of Svend King of Denmark[113]. She was living in Normandy in 1017 when King Æthelred's successor King Canute proposed marriage to her. Roger of Wendover records the marriage in Jul 1018 of "Cnuto" and "ducem Ricardum…Emmam sororem suam et regis Ethelredi relictam"[114]. After the death of her second husband, she continued to live at Winchester. After the election of her step-son as regent in early 1036, it was recognised that she would continue to live there to look after the interests of her son Harthacnut who had nominally succeeded his father as King of England and Denmark but was still absent in Denmark. It is likely that she encouraged her sons by her first husband, Edward and Alfred, to join her, Alfred being captured and murdered during the visit. After Harold was recognised as king of England in 1037, Queen Emma was expelled and took refuge at Bruges[115]. She commissioned the Encomium Emmæ Reginæ from a Flemish convent at Saint-Omer, maybe St Bertin's, designed to promote her son Harthacnut's claim to the English throne. Harthacnut joined her in Bruges in early 1040, and after the death of King Harold, they returned together to England. After the accession of Edward "the Confessor", her son by her first husband, Emma appears to have supported the rival claim of Magnus King of Norway[116]. Whatever the truth of this, King Edward did confiscate her property in 1043 according to the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle[117]. She seems to have spent the last years of her life in retirement in Winchester[118]. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records the death of "Ælfgifu Emma, the mother of king Edward and of king Harthacnut" in 1052[119].

m firstly (betrothed 1000, 1002[120]) as his [second/third] wife, ÆTHELRED II King of England, son of EDGAR "the Peacable" King of England & his second wife Ælfthryth ([966]-London 23 Apr 1016, bur Old St Paul's Cathedral).

m secondly (2 or 31 Jul 1017) CANUTE King of England, son of SVEND I "Tveskæg/Forkbeard" King of Denmark & his first wife Šwiętosława [Gunhild] of Poland ([995]-Shaftesbury, Dorset 12 Nov 1035, bur Winchester Cathedral). King of Denmark 1018, King of Norway 1028.

7. HAVISE (-21 Feb 1034). Guillaume de Jumièges names Hadvise, wife of "Geoffroi comte des Bretons", as the second of the three daughters of Duke Richard and Gunnora, and in a later passage records her marriage after the death of her father[121]. A charter dated 1008 records that, after the death of "Gaufrido comite Britanniæ", "filii eius Alanus et Eudo cum matre eorum Hadeguisia" restored the abbey of Saint-Méen[122]. "…Aduise matre eorum comitum…" signed the charter dated to [1013/22] under which "Alanus et Egio Britannorum monarchi" founded the priory of Livré "in pago Redonensi"[123]. The Chronico Kemperlegiensi records the death "1034 IX Kal Mar" of "Haduisa comitissa Britanniæ, vidua Gauffridi"[124].

m (996) GEOFFROY I Duke of Brittany, son of CONAN I "le Tort" Duke of Brittany & his wife Ermengarde d'Anjou ([980]-20 Nov 1008).

8. MATHILDE (-[1005]). Guillaume de Jumièges names Mathilde wife of "le comte Odon" as the third of the three daughters of Duke Richard and Gunnora, specifying in a later passage that her husband was "Eudes comte de Chartres" when recording their marriage after the death of her father, her dowry being half the castle of Dreux given to her by her brother Duke Richard II, and her death without children "quelques années après"[125].

m ([1003/04]) as his first wife, EUDES II Comte de Blois, son of EUDES I Comte de Blois & his wife Berthe de Bourgogne [Welf] ([982/83]-15 Nov 1037).

Richard had five illegitimate children by unknown mistresses:

9. GEOFFREY [Godfroy] de Brionne ([953]-[1015]). Guillaume de Jumièges names "Godefroi et Guillaume" as the two sons of Duke Richard by his concubines, recording that the former was Comte d'Eu[126]. Robert of Torigny names "unus Godefridus alter…Willermus" as sons of "Ricardi primi ducis Normanniæ" by concubines[127]. He is named son of duke "Richard the elder" by Orderic Vitalis, who specifies that his father gave Brionne "with the whole county" to him[128]. Comte d'Eu after 996.

10. GUILLAUME (978-1057). According to Dudo of Saint-Quentin[129], he was an illegitimate son of Richard I by a mistress other than Gunnora. Guillaume de Jumièges names "Godefroi et Guillaume" as the two sons of Duke Richard by his concubines[130]. Robert of Torigny names "unus Godefridus alter…Willermus" as sons of "Ricardi primi ducis Normanniæ" by concubines, recording that Guillaume was first "comes…Aucensis" and after the death of his brother became "comes Brionnensis"[131]. On the other hand, according to Europäische Stammtafeln[132], he was the younger son of Geoffroy de Brionne, Richard I's illegitimate son, although the source on which this is based is not known. An agreement between the abbots of Jumièges and Bougeuil concerning an exchange of land in Poitou, by charter dated [13 Apr/4 Apr] 1012, is subscribed by "Richardus…filius Ricardi principi magni…Robertus archiepiscopus…ecclesie Rotomagensis et Vuillelmus et Malgerus fratres Richardi comitis…"[133]. Comte d'Hiémois et d'Eu. Guillaume de Jumièges records the rebellion of "un certain frère du duc, né du meme père…Guillaume" against Duke Richard, after receiving the county of Hiesme, his capture and imprisonment for five years at Rouen, his escape and investment as Comte d'Eu by his brother[134].

11. [ROBERT . Comte d'Avranches. Illegitimate son of Richard I according to Potts[135].]

12. BEATRIX (-18 Jan 1035). Guillaume de Jumièges records that Duke Richard had two daughters by his concubines but does not name them[136]. The Chronicon Gaufredi Vosiensis records that "sorore Richardi Normannorum Ducis" was the wife of "Archambaldus Chamba-Putrida" and mother of "Ebolum"[137], but this is difficult to sustain chronologically. The Miracles of Sainte-Foy attribute a miracle to "Lady Beatrice his [Lord Ebalus] wife…soon to lose him through divorce" involving her freeing pilgrims from captivity near Turenne[138]. The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage more precisely has not yet been identified. She returned to Normandy after her divorce and was appointed Abbess of Montivilliers [1035][139].

m (before 1001, divorced) as his first wife, EBLES Vicomte de Turenne, son of ARCHAMBAUD "Jambe-Pourrie" Vicomte de Comborn & his wife Sulpicie de Turenne (-after [1021]).

13. daughter . Guillaume de Jumièges records that Duke Richard had two daughters by his concubines but does not name them[140]. same person as…? [PAPIA ([1000/05][141]-). Robert de Torigny names "Papiam uxorem Walteri [error for Gilberti?] de Sanct Walerico et Aeliz uxorem Ranulfi Vicecomitis de Baioeis" as the two daughters of Duke Richard III (see below)[142]. In the case of Papia, it is clearly chronologically impossible for her to have been Duke Richard III´s daughter assuming that it is correct, as asserted by Orderic Vitalis[143], that her grandson, Richard de Heugleville, helped Guillaume II Duke of Normandy in the 1054 rebellion when he was already old enough for Geoffroy de Neufmarché to be his son-in-law. Orderic Vitalis refers to the wife of Gilbert de Saint-Valéry as the daughter of "Duke Richard", although it is not clear from thi passage to which duke Richard he refers. He confirms her name as Papia in a different passage[144]. The second passage also elaborates that Papia was daughter of "Ricardi iunioris ducis Normannorum", which does suggest that he also intended to indicate Duke Richard III. Neither of the passages in Orderic Vitalis names Papia's mother. It is tempting to imagine that she was the second wife of Duke Richard II of the same name. However, it is also chronologically inconsistent with the 1054 references to Papia's grandson for Papia to have been the daughter of Duke Richard II. Assuming that all this speculation is correct, Papia must have been born in the early years of the 11th century and therefore, if she was the daughter of any Duke Richard, her father must have been Duke Richard I.

m GILBERT Advocate of Saint Valéry, son of ---.]

RAOUL . The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle names "bishop Rudolf his [i.e. the king's] kinsman" when recording his installation by King Edward "the Confessor" as abbot of Abingdon, although the precise relationship is not specified. His name suggests that he was probably a relation of King Edward's through his mother, but it has not yet been possible to place him in the family of the dukes of Normandy.

----------------------------------------

Richard épouse Emma, fille d'Hugues le Grand et sœur d'Hugues Capet, en 960. Ils n'ont pas d'enfants. C'est de Gunnor, épousée more danico que Richard a une descendance :

* Richard II, son successeur ;

* Robert, comte d'Évreux et archevêque de Rouen ;

* Mauger, comte de Corbeil ;

* Emma, future reine des Anglo-Saxons (par son premier mariage avec Ethelred II), puis des Danois (par ses secondes noces avec Knut II) ;

* Havoise, épouse de Geoffroy, comte de Rennes ;

* Mathilde († 1004), épouse d'Eudes II de Blois, comte de Blois.

Il est probable que le duc Richard eut d'autres concubines, des « frilla » (concubine à la manière danoise), et de nombreux bâtards dont :

* Godefroi de Brionne († 1015), comte d'Eu et de Brionne (cf. famille De Clare) ;

* Guillaume de Brionne († 1058), comte d'Hiémois, qui succèdera à son neveu Gilbert de Brionne († 1040), à Eu.

* Robert, comte de l'Avranchin (ou comte de Mortain)

* Papie

* Béatrice

Les nombreux descendants du duc Richard et de son fils aîné sont appelés les Richardides.

------------------

Richard was born to William I of Normandy, ruler of Normandy, and his wife, Sprota. He was still a boy when his father died in 942. His mother was a Breton concubine captured in war and bound to William by a Danish marriage. After William died, Sprota became the wife of Esperleng, a wealthy miller; Rodulf of Ivry was their son and Richard's half-brother.

Richard was still a boy when his father died, and so he was powerless to stop Louis IV of France when he seized Normandy. Louis kept him in confinement in his youth at Lâon, but he escaped with the assistance of Osmond de Centville, Bernard de Senlis (who had been a companion of Rollo of Normandy), Ivo de Bellèsme, and Bernard the Dane (ancestor of families of Harcourt and Beaumont). In 968, Richard agreed to "commend" himself to Hugh, Count of Paris. He then allied himself with the Norman and Viking leaders, drove Louis out of Rouen, and took back Normandy by 947. He later quarrelled with Ethelred II of England regarding Viking invasions of England because Normandy had been buying up much of the stolen booty.

Richard was bilingual, having been well educated at Bayeux. He was more partial to his Danish subjects than to the French. During his reign, Normandy became completely Gallicized and Christianized. He introduced the feudal system and Normandy became one of the most thoroughly feudalized states on the continent. He carried out a major reorganization of the Norman military system, based on heavy cavalry. He also became guardian of the young Hugh, Count of Paris, on the elder Hugh's death in 956.

He married 1st (960) Emma (not to be confused with Emma of France), daughter of Hugh "The Great" of France, and Hedwiga de Sachsen. They were betrothed when both were very young. She died 19 Mar 968, with no issue.

According to Robert of Torigni, not long after Emma's death, Duke Richard went out hunting and stopped at the house of a local forester. He became enamoured of the forester's wife, Seinfreda, but she being a virtuous woman, suggested he court her unmarried sister, Gunnor, instead. Gunnor became his mistress, and her family rose to prominence. Her brother, Herefast de Crepon, may have been involved in a controversial heresy trial. Gunnor was, like Richard, of Norse descent, being a Dane by blood. Richard finally married her to legitimize their children:

* Richard II "the Good", Duke of Normandy (966)

* Robert, Archbishop of Rouen, Count of Evreux, le Danois (Danus) died 1037.*

* Mauger, Earl of Corbeil, died after 1033; his alleged grandson (or perhaps great-grandson) was Robert Fitzhamon, an important Anglo-Norman baron.

* Emma of Normandy (c.985-1052) wife of two kings of England.

* Maud of Normandy, wife of Odo II of Blois, Count of Blois, Champagne and Chartres

* Hawise of Normandy (b. ca. 978), d. 21 February 1034. m. Geoffrey I, Duke of Brittany

* Beatrice of Normandy, Abbess of Montvilliers d.1034 m. Ebles of Turenne (d.1030 (divorced)

* Papia m. Gilbert de St Valery.

* Fressenda (ca. 995-ca. 1057), m. Tancred of Hauteville.

* Muriella m. Tancred of Hauteville.

Richard was known to have had several other mistresses and produced children with many of them. Known children are:

* Geoffrey, Count of Brionne, (b. ca. 970)

* William, Count of Eu (ca. 972-26 January 1057/58) m. Leseline de Turqueville (d. 26 January 1057/58).

* Hawise of Normandy (b. ca. 978), d. 21 February 1034. m. Geoffrey I, Duke of Brittany

He died in Fecamp, France on November 20, 996 of natural causes.

----------------------------

Robert Danus = Robert Archbishop of Rouen:

Robert le Danois fut archevêque de Rouen (989-1037) et comte d'Évreux (996-1037) au temps des premiers ducs de Normandie.

Fils du duc Richard Ier de Normandie et de Gunnor, il fait donc partie de ce puissant groupe aristocratique appelé les Richardides. Son père lui confie très jeune l'archevêché de Rouen, principal siège ecclésiastique du duché de Normandie. L'historiographe Guillaume de Jumièges rapporte que les clercs se sont opposés à cette décision tant que le duc refusait de se marier chrétiennement avec sa frilla Gunnor. Selon le voeu du clergé, Richard Ier de Normandie épousa finalement Gunnor et leur fils Robert put devenir archevêque.

Quelques années plus tard, peut-être juste après la mort de son père en 996, Robert reçoit la charge du comté d'Évreux. Cette double fonction – archevêque de Rouen et comte – fait de lui le plus puissant personnage de Normandie après le duc. De surcroît, le nouveau duc, Richard II (996-1026), est son frère.

------------------------------

Sources

McKitterick, Rosamund. The Frankish Kingdoms under the Carolingians 751-987, 1993.

Searle, Eleanor. Predatory Kinship and the Creation of Norman Power, 840-1066, 1998.

The Henry Project: Richard I of Normandy

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Richard I "the Fearless" of Normandy (3° D. Normandy)

Born: 28 Aug 933, Fecamp, Normandy, France

Acceded: 942

Died: 20 Nov 996, Fecamp, Normandy

Buried: Fecamp, Seine-Inferieure, France

Notes: The line to the dukes of Normandy comes through Isabel St. Liz, and the line to Charlemagne comes through her husband, William Mauduit. The lines merge again with the marriage of Richard I, Duke of Normandy, and Emma, daughter of Hugh, who was -in all but name- King of France. His son, Hugh Capet, later assumed the title, and primogeniture began in the French line of kings.

The two lines met again later with the marriage of Adele, daughter of King Robert II, and Richard III, Duke of Normandy. Richard I, "the Fearless"; named father's heir 29 May 942.

Married first (Danish wife) Gunnora but betrothed ca. 945 and eventually married 960 to Emma.

Richard was betrothed to Emma for some time but did not marry her until about 960, after the death of her father, Hugh the Great, in 956. Richard was the guardian of Hugh's son, the Duke of Paris, and eventually married Emma to strengthen his position. He did not treat her unkindly, he merely loved Gunnora. Poor Emma passed her life at Rouen alone and solitary, and eventually she pined away and died about the year 962. After Emma's death he married (Christian marriage) Gunnora to legitimize their children.

Father: William I "Longsword" of Normandy (2º Duke of Normandy)

Mother: Adele (Sprota) of Bretagne

Married 1: Emma (Agnes) CAPET of France 960/962, France

Associated with: Gunnora De CREPON (D. of Normandy)

Children:

1. Richard II "the Good" of Normandy (4º D. Normandy)

2. Robert of Normandy (Archbishop 1º Count d' Evreux)

3. Maud of Normandy (Countess of Blois)

4. Beatrice of Normandy Viscountess

5. Emma of Normandy (Queen of England)

6. Geoffrey De BRIONNE (1º Count of Brionne)

7. Mauger De Mortain (Comte De Corbeil)

8. William HIESMES (1º Count of Eu)

9. Hawise of Normandy (Duchess of Brittany)

Associated with:?

Children:

10. Hawise of Normandy

Associated with: Papia d'Envermeu

Children:

11. Papia of Normandy

Associated with: ?

Children:

12. William of Normandy (b. 980 - d. 1015)

13. Sprota of Normandy

Associated with:

Children:

14. Muriella of Normandy

15. Fredesende of Normandy (b. 995 - d. 1057)

--------------------

Richard I or the fearless as he became known, married a French princess but maintained a mistress on the side. She was known as Gunnor. Gunnor bore all of Richard's children. Gunnor was from an important Danish family and eventually married him on the princess's death. This meeting with Gunnor is steeped in French folklore. When Richard was out hunting, he stayed on the property of one of his subjects. It was normal in that period for the husband to offer his wife for the lords comfort. His quick thinking wife introduced her sister Gunnor to Richard. They immediately fell in love and were soon meeting on a regular basis. From this liaison came all Richard's children. How many children there were is uncertain but at least four are known.

3rd Duke of Normandy, b. 933 Fecamp, France, (age 10 when father died), d. 20 November 966.

--------------------

Titles: comes Rothomagensium, and from 966 Marquis des Normands/marchio Normannorum

--------------------

Notes: The line to the dukes of Normandy comes through Isabel St. Liz, and the line to Charlemagne comes through her husband, William Mauduit. The lines merge again with the marriage of Richard I, Duke of Normandy, and Emma, daughter of Hugh, who was -in all but name- King of France. His son, Hugh Capet, later assumed the title, and primogeniture began in the French line of kings.

The two lines met again later with the marriage of Adele, daughter of King Robert II, and Richard III, Duke of Normandy. Richard I, "the Fearless"; named father's heir 29 May 942. Married first (Danish wife) Gunnora but betrothed ca. 945 and eventually married 960 to Emma. Richard was betrothed to Emma for some time but did not marry her until about 960, after the death of her father, Hugh the Great, in 956. Richard was the guardian of Hugh's son, the Duke of Paris, and eventually married Emma to strengthen his position. He did not treat her unkindly, he merely loved Gunnora. Poor Emma passed her life at Rouen alone and solitary, and eventually she pined away and died about the year 962. After Emma's death he married (Christian marriage) Gunnora to legitimize their children.

---------------------------

Depictions in Fiction

The Little Duke, a Victorian Juvenile novel by Charlotte Mary Yonge is a fictionalized account of Richard's boyhood and early struggles.

Sources

McKitterick, Rosamund. The Frankish Kingdoms under the Carolingians 751-987, 1993.

Searle, Eleanor. Predatory Kinship and the Creation of Norman Power, 840-1066, 1998.

The Henry Project: Richard I of Normandy

-----------------------------

Also called Richard I "le Veil".4 Richard I "Sans Peur", Leader of the Normans of Rouen also went by the name of Richard "the Fearless". He was related to Geoffroi, comte d' Eu et de Brionne; the natural son of Richard I of Normandy.5,6 Richard I "Sans Peur", Leader of the Normans of Rouen was related to Guillaume, comte d'Yesmes & d'Eu; natural son of Richard I of Normandy.7 Richard I "Sans Peur", Leader of the Normans of Rouen was born in 933 at Fécamp, Normandy, France.2,8 He was the son of Guillaume "Longue-Épée", Princeps Nortmannorum and "Sprota".2,3 Richard I "Sans Peur", Leader of the Normans of Rouen was still a boy at the death of his father in 942.1 Count of Rouen at Normandy, France, between 942 and 996.2,9 He was named his father's heir, as Count of Rouen (rather than the more typically ascribed Duke of Normandy) on 29 May 942. He married Emma de France, daughter of Hugues "le Grand", duc de France and Hedwige, Herzogin von Franzien, in 960; His 1st. s.p.10,2,8,1 Richard I "Sans Peur", Leader of the Normans of Rouen associated with Gunnor de Crepon, daughter of Herbastus de Crepon Sr., before 961; Richard's "Danish wife." His 1st. Richard I "Sans Peur", Leader of the Normans of Rouen married Gunnor de Crepon, daughter of Herbastus de Crepon Sr., after 968; Richard and Gunnor had a Christian marriage and legitimized their children. Richard I "Sans Peur", Leader of the Normans of Rouen associated with N. N. , a mistress of Richard I of Normandy.11 Richard I "Sans Peur", Leader of the Normans of Rouen and Æthelred II "the Unready", King of the English came to terms, at the urging of Pope John XV, on 1 March 991 at Rouen, Normandy. The rulers set out the peace between them in these terms: that if either of them, or their people, were to commit a crime against the other, it should be atoned for with fitting compensation, that the peace should remain between them forever unshaken, and that neither was to receive the enemies of the other.

Annals of Monte Fernando 996: "Ob. Ricardus primus dux Normannie, cui successit Ricardus filius ejus."12 Richard I "Sans Peur", Leader of the Normans of Rouen died on 21 November 996 at Fécamp, Normandy, France, at age 63 years.1

Family 1

Emma de France b. after 938, d. 19 March 968

Family 2

Gunnor de Crepon b. 936, d. 1031

Children

* Emma Regina+ b. c 962, d. 6 Mar 105213,14,15,16

* Richard II "le Bon", duc de Normandie+ b. 962, d. 28 Aug 10262

* Mathilde de Normandie b. s 964, d. b 10051

* Robert, archevêque de Rouen et comte d' Évereux+ b. c 965, d. 10371

* Hawise de Normandie+ b. c 976, d. 21 Feb 103417,4

Family 3

N. N. , a mistress of Richard I of Normandy b. circa 961

Children

* Beatrix de Normandie+ b. c 970, d. 18 Jan 10351

* Guillaume, comte d'Yesmes & d'Eu+ b. c 977, d. 26 Jan 10587,1

* Geoffroi, comte d' Eu et de Brionne+ b. c 9805,1,18

Family 4

Child

* Papia de Normandie+ b. b 99619

Citations

1. [S1043] Henry Project, online http://sbaldw.home.mindspring.com/hproject/henry.htm, Richard I "Sans Peur".

2. [S482] Norman Davies, Davies, N., p. 1106.

3. [S1043] Henry Project, online http://sbaldw.home.mindspring.com/hproject/henry.htm, Guillaume "Longue Épée" of Normandy.

4. [S1345] Anselme de Sainte-Marie (augustin déchaussé), Pere Anselme's Histoire, 3rd Ed., III:46.

5. [S603] C.B., LL.D., Ulster King of Arms Sir Bernard Burke, B:xP, pg. 118.

6. [S693] TH.D. Frederick Lewis Weis, Weis: MC 5th ed., 157-1.

7. [S1345] Anselme de Sainte-Marie (augustin déchaussé), Pere Anselme's Histoire, 3rd Ed., VIII:124.

8. [S735] Peter Townend, B:P, 103rd, pg. xciii.

9. [S872] Heratlas, online http://www.multimania.com/heratlas/index.htm, Généalogie des ducs de Normandie (911-1204).

10. [S269] C. W. Previté-Orton sCMH I, pg. 358, genealogy table 10, the House of Robert the Strong..

11. [S204] Roderick W. Stuart, RfC, 296-33.

12. [S1105] Margaret Lantry, AMF, MF996.1.

13. [S484] Peter Townend, B:P, 105th, pg. l.

14. [S1075] Translated and edited by Michael Swanton, ASC+, pg. 288.

15. [S269] C. W. Previté-Orton sCMH I, pg. 382.

16. [S1278] K.S.B. Keats-Rohan, Domesday Descendants, pg. 1098.

17. [S206] With additions and corrections by Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr. and assisted by David Faris Frederick Lewis Weis, Weis: AR 7th ed., Line 39.22.

18. [S1345] Anselme de Sainte-Marie (augustin déchaussé), Pere Anselme's Histoire, 3rd Ed., II:480.

19. [S206] With additions and corrections by Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr. and assisted by David Faris Frederick Lewis Weis, Weis: AR 7th ed., 177-3.

--------------------

Rikard I av Normandie (ca 935 – 20. november 996) var hertug av Normandie fra 942 til 996. Historikerne betrakter enten Rikard som den første som hadde tittelen hertug, eller hans sønn, noe som avløste den eldre tittelen jarl. Han ble kalt for «Rikard den fryktesløse», fransk Sans Peur.

Innhold [skjul]

1 Fødsel

2 Liv

3 Ekteskap

4 Elskerinner

5 Død

6 Referanse

7 Litteratur

[rediger] Fødsel

Rikard var sønn av Vilhelm I av Normandie, jarl av Normandie, og Sprota av Senlis. Han var født en gang mellom 932 og 935 og var fortsatt en ung gutt da hans far døde i 942. Hans mor var en medhustru fra Bretagne som ble tatt i krig og knyttet til Vilhelm i et såkalt «dansk ekteskap».[1] Etter Vilhelms død ble Sprota gift med Esperleng, en rik møller.

[rediger] Liv

Ved å være gutt ved farens død var Rikard maktesløs i å hindre kong Ludvig IV av Frankrike da denne anekterte Normandie. Franskekongen holdt Rikard i fangenskap i hele hans ungdom ved Lâon, men han klarte å rømme ved hjelp av Osmund de Centerville, Bernard de Senlis (som hadde vært en ridder hos Rollo), Ivo de Bellèsme, og Bernard «Dansken» (slektninger av familiene Harcourt og Beaumont). I 968 knyttet Rikard forbinelser til Hugo, greve av Paris, og deretter allierte han seg med ulike normanniske og norrøne høvdinger, maktet å drive kong Ludvig ut av Rouen og gjenerobret Normandie innen 947. Senere kom han i strid med Ethelred II den rådville av England angående vikingenes herjinger og rovtokter i England ettersom Normandie drev på med å kjøpte mye av tyvgodset.

Rikard hadde øyensynlig ingen sentimentale følelser overfor sine norrøne forfedre og var langt mer partisk mot de norrøne og danske undersåttene sine enn de franske. Antagelig så han på med forakt på de norrøne hedingene som ikke snakket fransk som han selv, til tross for at han var flerspråklig etter å ha vært utdannet ved Bayeux. I løpet av hans tid som hertug over Normandie ble landet fullstendig gjort fransk og kristnet. Hans far kan ha introduserte føydalsystemet, men det var Rikard som tvang det igjennom og Normandie ble ett av de mest gjennomregulerte føydale samfunn i Europa. Rikard reorganiserte totalt det normanniske militærsystemet og basert det på tungt kavaleri. Han ble også fosterfar til unge Hugo, grev av Paris ved den eldre Hugos død i 956.

Den viktoriansk ungdomsromanen The Little Duke (Den lille hertug) av Charlotte Mary Yonge er en fiktiv beskrivelse av Rikards ungdomstid og tidlige stridigheter.

[rediger] Ekteskap

Rikard giftet seg første gang med Emma av Paris, datteren av Hugo den store, hertug av frankerne og greve av Paris. De ble trolovet mens de begge var svært unge. Hun døde i 966 uten å ha fått barn.

I henhold til Robert av Torigni var Rikard ute på jakt ikke lenge etter Emmas død. Han tok en pause ved huset til en lokal forstmann. Han ble amorøst interessert i forstmanns hustru Seinfreda, men hun var dydig kvinne og forslo at han heller burde by opp hennes ugifte søster, Gunnor eller Gunnora de Crepon. Gunnora ble hans elskerinne, og hennes familie, som var dansk opprinnelse, fikk økt prestisje. Rikard giftet seg til slutt med Gunnora for å legitimere deres barn. Hennes bror Herefast de Crepon kan ha vært involvert i en kontroversiell rettssak angående kjetteri i forbindelse med katarenes tro.

Hans barn med Gunnora var:

Richard II, hertug av Normandie, også kalt for «Rikard den gode»

Robert, erkebiskop av Rouen, greve av Evreux, død 1037.

Mauger, jarl av Corbeil, død etter 1033.

Robert Danus, død mellom 985 og 989.

Emma av Normandie, død 1052, dronning av England to ganger.

Hawise av Normandie, hustru til Geoffrey I, hertug av Bretagne.

Maud av Normandie, hustru til Odo II av Blois, greve av Blois, Champagne og Chartres.

[rediger] Elskerinner

Rikard var også kjent for å ha tatt til seg friller og fikk barn med mange av dem.

Kjente barn:

Geoffrey, greve av Brionne, (født ca. 970)

Hawise (født ca. 978), død 21. februar 1034, gift med Geoffrey av Bretagne, hertug av Bretagne, (ca. 997), sønn av Conan I av Bretagne, hertug av Bretagne, «le Tort», og Ermengarde av Anjou.

William d'Eu, greve av Eu, (født ca. 985).

[rediger] Død

Rihcard døde i Fecamp i Frankrige den 20. november 996 av naturlige årsaker.

[rediger] Referanse

^ Dansk ekteskap betegner et ekteskap inngått uten samtykke fra adel/riksforsamling eller lignende, og som dermed ikke gir etterkommere med arverett til tronen. Se Conditional Consent, Dynastic Rights and the Danish Law of Succession

[rediger] Litteratur

McKitterick, Rosamund. The Frankish Kingdoms under the Carolingians 751-987, 1993.

Searle, Eleanor. Predatory Kinship and the Creation of Norman Power, 840-1066, 1998.

The Henry Project: Richard I of Normandy

--------------------

Rikard I av Normandie (ca 935 – 20. november 996) var hertug av Normandie fra 942 til 996. Historikerne betrakter enten Rikard som den første som hadde tittelen hertug, eller hans sønn, noe som avløste den eldre tittelen jarl. Han ble kalt for «Rikard den fryktesløse», fransk Sans Peur.

Innhold [skjul]

1 Fødsel

2 Liv

3 Ekteskap

4 Elskerinner

5 Død

6 Referanse

7 Litteratur

[rediger] Fødsel

Rikard var sønn av Vilhelm I av Normandie, jarl av Normandie, og Sprota av Senlis. Han var født en gang mellom 932 og 935 og var fortsatt en ung gutt da hans far døde i 942. Hans mor var en medhustru fra Bretagne som ble tatt i krig og knyttet til Vilhelm i et såkalt «dansk ekteskap».[1] Etter Vilhelms død ble Sprota gift med Esperleng, en rik møller.

[rediger] Liv

Ved å være gutt ved farens død var Rikard maktesløs i å hindre kong Ludvig IV av Frankrike da denne anekterte Normandie. Franskekongen holdt Rikard i fangenskap i hele hans ungdom ved Lâon, men han klarte å rømme ved hjelp av Osmund de Centerville, Bernard de Senlis (som hadde vært en ridder hos Rollo), Ivo de Bellèsme, og Bernard «Dansken» (slektninger av familiene Harcourt og Beaumont). I 968 knyttet Rikard forbinelser til Hugo, greve av Paris, og deretter allierte han seg med ulike normanniske og norrøne høvdinger, maktet å drive kong Ludvig ut av Rouen og gjenerobret Normandie innen 947. Senere kom han i strid med Ethelred II den rådville av England angående vikingenes herjinger og rovtokter i England ettersom Normandie drev på med å kjøpte mye av tyvgodset.

Rikard hadde øyensynlig ingen sentimentale følelser overfor sine norrøne forfedre og var langt mer partisk mot de norrøne og danske undersåttene sine enn de franske. Antagelig så han på med forakt på de norrøne hedingene som ikke snakket fransk som han selv, til tross for at han var flerspråklig etter å ha vært utdannet ved Bayeux. I løpet av hans tid som hertug over Normandie ble landet fullstendig gjort fransk og kristnet. Hans far kan ha introduserte føydalsystemet, men det var Rikard som tvang det igjennom og Normandie ble ett av de mest gjennomregulerte føydale samfunn i Europa. Rikard reorganiserte totalt det normanniske militærsystemet og basert det på tungt kavaleri. Han ble også fosterfar til unge Hugo, grev av Paris ved den eldre Hugos død i 956.

Den viktoriansk ungdomsromanen The Little Duke (Den lille hertug) av Charlotte Mary Yonge er en fiktiv beskrivelse av Rikards ungdomstid og tidlige stridigheter.

[rediger] Ekteskap

Rikard giftet seg første gang med Emma av Paris, datteren av Hugo den store, hertug av frankerne og greve av Paris. De ble trolovet mens de begge var svært unge. Hun døde i 966 uten å ha fått barn.

I henhold til Robert av Torigni var Rikard ute på jakt ikke lenge etter Emmas død. Han tok en pause ved huset til en lokal forstmann. Han ble amorøst interessert i forstmanns hustru Seinfreda, men hun var dydig kvinne og forslo at han heller burde by opp hennes ugifte søster, Gunnor eller Gunnora de Crepon. Gunnora ble hans elskerinne, og hennes familie, som var dansk opprinnelse, fikk økt prestisje. Rikard giftet seg til slutt med Gunnora for å legitimere deres barn. Hennes bror Herefast de Crepon kan ha vært involvert i en kontroversiell rettssak angående kjetteri i forbindelse med katarenes tro.

Hans barn med Gunnora var:

Richard II, hertug av Normandie, også kalt for «Rikard den gode»

Robert, erkebiskop av Rouen, greve av Evreux, død 1037.

Mauger, jarl av Corbeil, død etter 1033.

Robert Danus, død mellom 985 og 989.

Emma av Normandie, død 1052, dronning av England to ganger.

Hawise av Normandie, hustru til Geoffrey I, hertug av Bretagne.

Maud av Normandie, hustru til Odo II av Blois, greve av Blois, Champagne og Chartres.

[rediger] Elskerinner

Rikard var også kjent for å ha tatt til seg friller og fikk barn med mange av dem.

Kjente barn:

Geoffrey, greve av Brionne, (født ca. 970)

Hawise (født ca. 978), død 21. februar 1034, gift med Geoffrey av Bretagne, hertug av Bretagne, (ca. 997), sønn av Conan I av Bretagne, hertug av Bretagne, «le Tort», og Ermengarde av Anjou.

William d'Eu, greve av Eu, (født ca. 985).

[rediger] Død

Rihcard døde i Fecamp i Frankrige den 20. november 996 av naturlige årsaker.

[rediger] Referanse

^ Dansk ekteskap betegner et ekteskap inngått uten samtykke fra adel/riksforsamling eller lignende, og som dermed ikke gir etterkommere med arverett til tronen. Se Conditional Consent, Dynastic Rights and the Danish Law of Succession

[rediger] Litteratur

McKitterick, Rosamund. The Frankish Kingdoms under the Carolingians 751-987, 1993.

Searle, Eleanor. Predatory Kinship and the Creation of Norman Power, 840-1066, 1998.

The Henry Project: Richard I of Normandy

Forgjenger:

Vilhelm I Hertug av Normandie

(942–996) Etterfølger:

Rikard II

--------------------

Richard I of Normandy (born 28 August 933, in Fécamp Normandy, France died November 20, 996, in Fécamp) was the Duke of Normandy from 942 to 996; he is considered the first to actually have held that title. He was called Richard the Fearless (French, Sans Peur).

Birth

He was born to William I of Normandy, ruler of Normandy, and his wife, Sprota. He was still a boy when his father died in 942. His mother was a Breton concubine captured in war and bound to William by a Danish marriage. After William died, Sprota became the wife of Esperleng, a wealthy miller; Rodulf of Ivry was their son and Richard's half-brother.[citation needed]

Life

Richard was still a boy when his father died, and so he was powerless to stop Louis IV of France when he seized Normandy. Louis kept him in confinement in his youth at Lâon, but he escaped with the assistance of Osmond de Centville, Bernard de Senlis (who had been a companion of Rollo of Normandy), Ivo de Bellèsme, and Bernard the Dane (ancestor of families of Harcourt and Beaumont). In 968, Richard agreed to "commend" himself to Hugh, Count of Paris. He then allied himself with the Norman and Viking leaders, drove Louis out of Rouen, and took back Normandy by 947. He later quarrelled with Ethelred II of England regarding Viking invasions of England because Normandy had been buying up much of the stolen booty.

Richard was bilingual, having been well educated at Bayeux. He was more partial to his Danish subjects than to the French. During his reign, Normandy became completely Gallicized and Christianized. He introduced the feudal system and Normandy became one of the most thoroughly feudalized states on the continent. He carried out a major reorganization of the Norman military system, based on heavy cavalry. He also became guardian of the young Hugh, Count of Paris, on the elder Hugh's death in 956.

Marriages

He married 1st (960) Emma (not to be confused with Emma of France), daughter of Hugh "The Great" of France, and Hedwiga de Sachsen. They were betrothed when both were very young. She died 19 Mar 968, with no issue.

According to Robert of Torigni, not long after Emma's death, Duke Richard went out hunting and stopped at the house of a local forester. He became enamoured of the forester's wife, Seinfreda, but she being a virtuous woman, suggested he court her unmarried sister, Gunnor, instead. Gunnor became his mistress, and her family rose to prominence. Her brother, Herefast de Crepon, may have been involved in a controversial heresy trial. Gunnor was, like Richard, of Norse descent, being a Dane by blood. Richard finally married her to legitimize their children:

* Richard II "the Good", Duke of Normandy (966)

* Robert, Archbishop of Rouen, Count of Evreux, died 1037.

* Geoffrey, Count of Eu, b. abt 962 died abt 1015. (Parentage [mother] not certain)

* Mauger, Earl of Corbeil, died after 1033; his alleged grandson (or perhaps great-grandson) was Robert Fitzhamon, an important Anglo-Norman baron.

* Robert Danus, died between 985 and 989

* Emma of Normandy (c.985-1052) wife of two kings of England.

* Maud of Normandy, wife of Odo II of Blois, Count of Blois, Champagne and Chartres

* Hawise of Normandy (b. ca. 978), d. 21 February 1034. m. Geoffrey I, Duke of Brittany

* Beatrice of Normandy, Abbess of Montvilliers d.1034 m. Ebles of Turenne (d.1030 (divorced)

* Papia m. Gilbert de St Valery.

* Fressenda (ca. 995-ca. 1057), m. Tancred of Hauteville.

* Muriella m. Tancred of Hauteville.

Mistresses

Richard was known to have had several other mistresses and produced children with many of them. Known children are:

* Geoffrey, Count of Brionne, (b. ca. 970)

* William, Count of Eu (ca. 972-26 January 1057/58) m. Leseline de Turqueville (d. 26 January 1057/58).

Death

He died in Fecamp, France on November 20, 996 of natural causes.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_I_of_Normandy

--------------------

Richard I "The Fearless" of Normandy 3rd Duke of Normandy (933-996) [Pedigree]

Son of William_I "Longsword" 2nd Duke of Normandy (893-943) and Sprote de Bretagne (911-)

b. 28 Aug 933

b. ABT 933, Fecamp, France

r. Normandy, France

r. Fecamp, Seine-Inferieure, France

d. 20 Nov 996, Fecamp, France

Married first Papia

Children:

1. Fredesende of Normandy m. Tancred Seigneur de Hauteville le Guiscard (-1041)

2. Muriella of Normandy (-1020) m. Tancred Seigneur de Hauteville le Guiscard (-1041)

Married second Unknown Mistress

Children:

1. Papia m. Gulbert de St. Valerie

Married third Emma of Burgundy (943-0968)

Married fourth Gunnora of Denmark (936-1031)

Children:

1. Richard II "the Good" of Normandy 4th Duke of Normandy (958-1026) m(1) Pope (Papie) (997-)

2. Hawise of Normandy (-1034) m(2) Geoffrey of_Brittany Duke of Brittany (980-1008)

3. Robert d' EVEREUX Archbishop of Rouen Count of Evereux (964-1037) m. Herleva

4. Godfrey de BRUINE Count of Eu and Brionne (953-1015) m. Hawise

5. Emma of Normandy Princess of Normandy (985-1052) m(1) Ethelred II "the Unready" King of England (-1016)

6. Mathilda of Normandy (-1017) m(1) Eudes II of Blois Count of Blois and Champagne (-1037)

7. Beatrix of Normandy (-1035)

8. William of Eu Count of Eu, Exmia (-1057) m. Lescelin de Turquerville (-1057)

9. Mauger of Normandy Count of Corbeil

--------------------

Nickname: Sanspeur "The Fearless."

______________________________________

http://www.geneajourney.com/nrmndy.html

William I of Normandy [b], Duke of Normandy, "Long Sword", b abt 891, of Normandy, d 17 Dec 942, Normandy. He md [1] Sprota abt 922, [2] Luitgarde de Vermandois abt 935.

Child of William I of Normandy and Sprota was:

Richard I of Normandy, Duke of Normandy, "Sans Peur/the Fearless", b 28 Aug 933, Seine-Inferieure, Normandy, d 20 Nov 996, Seine-Inferieure, Normandy. He md Gunnora aft 968, Normandy. She was b abt 952, d 1031, Normandy. He also had children with one, or more,Unknown Mistresses.

Children of Richard I of Normandy and Gunnora were:

•Richard II of Normandy, Duke of Normandy, b abt 962. See LINE A

•Robert d'Evreux b abt 965. See LINE B

•Mauger of Normandy b abt 968. See LINE C

•Emma of Normandy b abt 974, Normandy, France. She md Aethelred II, King of England, abt 990, son of Edgar, King of England, and Elfrida.

Child of Richard I of Normandy and Unknown Mistress was:

•Hawise b abt 978, d 21 Feb 1034. She md Geoffrey of Brittany, Duke of Brittany, abt 997, son of Conan I of Brittany, Duke of Brittany, "le Tort", and Ermengarde of Anjou.

Child of Richard I of Normandy and Unknown Mistress was:

•Geoffrey, Count of Brionne, b abt 970. See LINE D

Child of Richard I of Normandy and Unknown Mistress was:

•William d'Eu, Count d'Eu, b abt 985.

Child of Richard I of Normandy and Unknown Mistress was:

•(poss) Fredesende of Normandy [c] b abt 994, of Normandy. She md Tancred of Hauteville abt 1012.

--------------------

Familj med Gunnor av Danmark (- 1031)

Barn:

Rickard II av Normandie (- 1026)

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Källor

1) Directory of Royal Genealogical Data, Hull, England

--------------------

Född: 28 Aug 933

Fecamp, S-Infr, Normandy, France

Gift: 956

, , , France

Död: 20 Nov 996

, Fecamp, Seine-Inferieure, France

Family:

1 Gonnor DE Crepon, Duchess/Normandy

Children:

• Richard II Duke of Normandy, [The Good]

• Robert de Normandy

• Robert Archbishop of Rouen

• Mauger Count of MORTAIN

• Mr DE Normandy

• Mahaud Countess of Blois

• Havoise Duchess of Bretagne

• Beatrix Viscountess of Turenne

• Emma Queen of England

Family:

2 First Concubine

Children:

• Geoffrey Count of Eu, [Count/Brionne]

Family:

3 Emma Princess of France

Children:

• Emma (Eadburh)

Family:

4 Unknown, [Concubine 2]

Children:

• Guillaume "The Bastard" HIEME

Family:

5 Unknown, [Concubine 3]

Children:

• Miss DE Normandy

Family:

6 Unknown, [Concubine 4]

--------------------

Richard I, Duke of Normandy

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_I_of_Normandy

Richard I of Normandy (born 28 August 933, in Fécamp Normandy, France died November 20, 996, in Fécamp) was the Duke of Normandy from 942 to 996; he is considered the first to actually have held that title. He was called Richard the Fearless (French, Sans Peur).

Birth

He was born to William I of Normandy, ruler of Normandy, and his wife, Sprota. He was still a boy when his father died in 942. His mother was a Breton concubine captured in war and bound to William by a Danish marriage. After William died, Sprota became the wife of Esperleng, a wealthy miller; Rodulf of Ivry was their son and Richard's half-brother.[citation needed]

Life

Richard was still a boy when his father died, and so he was powerless to stop Louis IV of France when he seized Normandy. Louis kept him in confinement in his youth at Lâon, but he escaped with the assistance of Osmond de Centville, Bernard de Senlis (who had been a companion of Rollo of Normandy), Ivo de Bellèsme, and Bernard the Dane (ancestor of families of Harcourt and Beaumont). In 968, Richard agreed to "commend" himself to Hugh, Count of Paris. He then allied himself with the Norman and Viking leaders, drove Louis out of Rouen, and took back Normandy by 947. He later quarrelled with Ethelred II of England regarding Viking invasions of England because Normandy had been buying up much of the stolen booty.

Richard was bilingual, having been well educated at Bayeux. He was more partial to his Danish subjects than to the French. During his reign, Normandy became completely Gallicized and Christianized. He introduced the feudal system and Normandy became one of the most thoroughly feudalized states on the continent. He carried out a major reorganization of the Norman military system, based on heavy cavalry. He also became guardian of the young Hugh, Count of Paris, on the elder Hugh's death in 956.

Marriages

He married 1st (960) Emma (not to be confused with Emma of France), daughter of Hugh "The Great" of France, and Hedwiga de Sachsen. They were betrothed when both were very young. She died 19 Mar 968, with no issue.

According to Robert of Torigni, not long after Emma's death, Duke Richard went out hunting and stopped at the house of a local forester. He became enamoured of the forester's wife, Seinfreda, but she being a virtuous woman, suggested he court her unmarried sister, Gunnor, instead. Gunnor became his mistress, and her family rose to prominence. Her brother, Herefast de Crepon, may have been involved in a controversial heresy trial. Gunnor was, like Richard, of Norse descent, being a Dane by blood. Richard finally married her to legitimize their children:

Richard II "the Good", Duke of Normandy (966)

Robert, Archbishop of Rouen, Count of Evreux, died 1037.

Geoffrey, Count of Eu, b. abt 962 died abt 1015. (Parentage [mother] not certain)

Mauger, Earl of Corbeil, died after 1033; his alleged grandson (or perhaps great-grandson) was Robert Fitzhamon, an important Anglo-Norman baron.

Robert Danus, died between 985 and 989

Emma of Normandy (c.985-1052) wife of two kings of England.

Maud of Normandy, wife of Odo II of Blois, Count of Blois, Champagne and Chartres

Hawise of Normandy (b. ca. 978), d. 21 February 1034. m. Geoffrey I, Duke of Brittany

Beatrice of Normandy, Abbess of Montvilliers d.1034 m. Ebles of Turenne (d.1030 (divorced)

Papia m. Gilbert de St Valery.

Fressenda (ca. 995-ca. 1057), m. Tancred of Hauteville.

Muriella m. Tancred of Hauteville.

Mistresses

Richard was known to have had several other mistresses and produced children with many of them. Known children are:

Geoffrey, Count of Brionne, (b. ca. 970)

William, Count of Eu (ca. 972-26 January 1057/58) m. Leseline de Turqueville (d. 26 January 1057/58).

Death

He died in Fecamp, France on November 20, 996 of natural causes.

Depictions in Fiction

The Little Duke, a Victorian Juvenile novel by Charlotte Mary Yonge is a fictionalized account of Richard's boyhood and early struggles.

Genealogy

Diagram based on the information found on Wikipedia

Sources

McKitterick, Rosamund. The Frankish Kingdoms under the Carolingians 751-987, 1993.

Searle, Eleanor. Predatory Kinship and the Creation of Norman Power, 840-1066, 1998.

The Henry Project: Richard I of Normandy

Genealogy of the Dukes of Normandy

--------------------

Acceded: 942

The line to the dukes of Normandy comes through Isabel St. Liz, and the line to Charlemagne comes through her husband, William Mauduit. The lines merge again with the marriage of Richard I, Duke of Normandy, and Emma, daughter of Hugh, who was -in all but name- King of France. His son, Hugh Capet, later assumed the title, and primogeniture began in the French line of kings.

The two lines met again later with the marriage of Adele, daughter of King Robert II, and Richard III, Duke of Normandy. Richard I, "the Fearless"; named father's heir 29 May 942. Married first (Danish wife) Gunnora but betrothed ca. 945 and eventually married 960 to Emma. Richard was betrothed to Emma for some time but did not marry her until about 960, after the death of her father, Hugh the Great, in 956. Richard was the guardian of Hugh's son, the Duke of Paris, and eventually married Emma to strengthen his position. He did not treat her unkindly, he merely loved Gunnora. Poor Emma passed her life at Rouen alone and solitary, and eventually she pined away and died about the year 962. After Emma's death he married (Christian marriage) Gunnora to legitimize their children.

--------------------

Richard I of Normandy (born 28 August 933, in Fécamp Normandy, France died November 20, 996, in Fécamp) was the Duke of Normandy from 942 to 996; he is considered the first to actually have held that title. He was called Richard the Fearless (French, Sans Peur).

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_I_of_Normandy

--------------------

Richard I, Duke of Normandy

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

(Redirected from Richard I of Normandy)

Richard the Fearless as part of the Six Dukes of Normandy statue in the town square of Falaise.

Richard I of Normandy (born 28 August 933, in Fécamp Normandy, France died November 20, 996, in Fécamp) was the Duke of Normandy from 942 to 996; he is considered the first to actually have held that title. He was called Richard the Fearless (French, Sans Peur)

Birth

He was born to William I of Normandy, ruler of Normandy, and his wife, Sprota. He was still a boy when his father died in 942. His mother was a Breton concubine captured in war and bound to William by a Danish marriage. After William died, Sprota became the wife of Esperleng, a wealthy miller; Rodulf of Ivry was their son and Richard's half-brother.[citation needed]

[edit] Life

Richard was still a boy when his father died, and so he was powerless to stop Louis IV of France when he seized Normandy. Louis kept him in confinement in his youth at Lâon, but he escaped with the assistance of Osmond de Centville, Bernard de Senlis (who had been a companion of Rollo of Normandy), Ivo de Bellèsme, and Bernard the Dane (ancestor of families of Harcourt and Beaumont). In 968, Richard agreed to "commend" himself to Hugh, Count of Paris. He then allied himself with the Norman and Viking leaders, drove Louis out of Rouen, and took back Normandy by 947. He later quarrelled with Ethelred II of England regarding Viking invasions of England because Normandy had been buying up much of the stolen booty.

Richard was bilingual, having been well educated at Bayeux. He was more partial to his Danish subjects than to the French. During his reign, Normandy became completely Gallicized and Christianized. He introduced the feudal system and Normandy became one of the most thoroughly feudalized states on the continent. He carried out a major reorganization of the Norman military system, based on heavy cavalry. He also became guardian of the young Hugh, Count of Paris, on the elder Hugh's death in 956.

[edit] Marriages

He married 1st (960) Emma of France, daughter of Hugh "The Great" of France, and Hedwiga de Sachsen. They were betrothed when both were very young. She died 19 Mar 968, with no issue.

According to Robert of Torigni, not long after Emma's death, Duke Richard went out hunting and stopped at the house of a local forester. He became enamoured of the forester's wife, Seinfreda, but she being a virtuous woman, suggested he court her unmarried sister, Gunnor, instead. Gunnor became his mistress, and her family rose to prominence. Her brother, Herefast de Crepon, may have been involved in a controversial heresy trial. Gunnor was, like Richard, of Norse descent, being a Dane by blood. Richard finally married her to legitimize their children:

* Richard II "the Good", Duke of Normandy (966)

* Robert, Archbishop of Rouen, Count of Evreux, died 1037.

* Geoffrey, Count of Eu, b. abt 962 died abt 1015. (Parentage [mother] not certain)

* Mauger, Earl of Corbeil, died after 1033; his alleged grandson (or perhaps great-grandson) was Robert Fitzhamon, an important Anglo-Norman baron.

* Robert Danus, died between 985 and 989

* Emma of Normandy (c.985-1052) wife of two kings of England.

* Maud of Normandy, wife of Odo II of Blois, Count of Blois, Champagne and Chartres

* Hawise of Normandy (b. ca. 978), d. 21 February 1034. m. Geoffrey I, Duke of Brittany

* Beatrice of Normandy, Abbess of Montvilliers d.1034 m. Ebles of Turenne (d.1030 (divorced)

* Papia m. Gilbert de St Valery.

* Fressenda (ca. 995-ca. 1057), m. Tancred of Hauteville.

* Muriella m. Tancred of Hauteville.

--------------------

He was born to William I of Normandy, ruler of Normandy, and Sprota of Senlis. He was born probably between 932 and 935; he was still a boy when his father died in 942. His mother was a Breton concubine captured in war and bound to William by a Danish marriage. After William died, Sprota became the wife of Esperleng, a wealthy miller.

Richard was still a boy when his father died, and so he was powerless to stop Louis IV of France when he seized Normandy. Louis kept him in confinement in his youth at Lâon, but he escaped with the assistance of Osmund de Centeville, Bernard de Senlis (who had been a companion of Rollo), Ivo de Bellèsme, and Bernard the Dane (ancestor of families of Harcourt and Beaumont). In 968, Richard agreed to "commend" himself to Hugh, Count of Paris. He then allied himself with the Norman and Viking leaders, drove Louis out of Rouen, and took back Normandy by 947. He later quarrelled with Ethelred II of England regarding viking invasions of England because Normandy had been buying up much of the stolen booty.

Richard was bilingual, having been well educated at Bayeux. He was more partial to his Norse and Danish subjects than to the French. During his reign, Normandy became completely Gallicized and Christianized. He introduced the feudal system and Normandy became one of the most thoroughly feudalized states on the continent. He carried out a major reorganization of the Norman military system, based on heavy cavalry. He also became guardian of the young Hugh, Count of Paris, on the elder Hugh's death in 956.

He married 1st (960) Emma of Paris, daughter of Hugh the Great, Duke of the Franks and Count of Paris. They were betrothed when both were very young. She died after 966, with no issue.

According to Robert of Torigni, not long after Emma's death, Duke Richard went out hunting and stopped at the house of a local forester. He became enamoured of the forester's wife, Seinfreda, but she being a virtuous woman, suggested he court her unmarried sister, Gunnor de Crepon, instead. Gunnor became his bride, and her family rose to prominence. Her brother, Herefast de Crepon, may have been involved in a controversial heresy trial. Gunnor was, like Richard, of Norse descent, being a Dane by blood. Richard finally married her to legitimate their children:

Richard II "the Good", Duke of Normandy (966)

Robert, Archbishop of Rouen, Count of Evreux, died 1037.

Mauger, Earl of Corbeil, died after 1033; his alleged grandson (or perhaps great-grandson) was Robert Fitzhamon, an important Anglo-Norman baron.

Robert Danus, died between 985 and 989

Emma of Normandy (c.985-1052) wife of two kings of England.

Hawise of Normandy, wife of Geoffrey I, Duke of Brittany

Maud of Normandy, wife of Odo II of Blois, Count of Blois, Champagne and Chartres

Richard was known to have had several mistresses and produced childen with many of them. Known children are:

Geoffrey, Count of Brionne, (b. ca. 970)

Hawise (b. ca. 978), d. 21 Feb 1034. m. Geoffrey of Brittany, Duke of Brittany, (ca. 997), son of Conan I of Brittany, Duke of Brittany, "le Tort", and Ermengarde of Anjou.

William d'Eu, Count d'Eu, (b. ca. 985).

He died in Fecamp, France on November 20, 996 of natural causes.

--------------------

Richard I of Normandy (born 28 August 933, in Fécamp Normandy, France died November 20, 996, in Fécamp) was the Duke of Normandy from 942 to 996; he is considered the first to actually have held that title. He was called Richard the Fearless (French, Sans Peur).

He was born to William I of Normandy, ruler of Normandy, and his wife, Sprota. He was still a boy when his father died in 942. His mother was a Breton concubine captured in war and bound to William by a Danish marriage. After William died, Sprota became the wife of Esperleng, a wealthy miller; Rodulf of Ivry was their son and Richard's half-brother.[citation needed]

Richard was still a boy when his father died, and so he was powerless to stop Louis IV of France when he seized Normandy. Louis kept him in confinement in his youth at Lâon, but he escaped with the assistance of Osmond de Centville, Bernard de Senlis (who had been a companion of Rollo of Normandy), Ivo de Bellèsme, and Bernard the Dane (ancestor of families of Harcourt and Beaumont). In 968, Richard agreed to "commend" himself to Hugh, Count of Paris. He then allied himself with the Norman and Viking leaders, drove Louis out of Rouen, and took back Normandy by 947. He later quarrelled with Ethelred II of England regarding Viking invasions of England because Normandy had been buying up much of the stolen booty.

Richard was bilingual, having been well educated at Bayeux. He was more partial to his Danish subjects than to the French. During his reign, Normandy became completely Gallicized and Christianized. He introduced the feudal system and Normandy became one of the most thoroughly feudalized states on the continent. He carried out a major reorganization of the Norman military system, based on heavy cavalry. He also became guardian of the young Hugh, Count of Paris, on the elder Hugh's death in 956.

He married 1st (960) Emma of France, daughter of Hugh "The Great" of France, and Hedwiga de Sachsen. They were betrothed when both were very young. She died 19 Mar 968, with no issue.

According to Robert of Torigni, not long after Emma's death, Duke Richard went out hunting and stopped at the house of a local forester. He became enamoured of the forester's wife, Seinfreda, but she being a virtuous woman, suggested he court her unmarried sister, Gunnor, instead. Gunnor became his mistress, and her family rose to prominence. Her brother, Herefast de Crepon, may have been involved in a controversial heresy trial. Gunnor was, like Richard, of Norse descent, being a Dane by blood. Richard finally married her to legitimize their children:

* Richard II "the Good", Duke of Normandy (966)

* Robert, Archbishop of Rouen, Count of Evreux, died 1037.

* Geoffrey, Count of Eu, b. abt 962 died abt 1015. (Parentage [mother] not certain)

* Mauger, Earl of Corbeil, died after 1033; his alleged grandson (or perhaps great-grandson) was Robert Fitzhamon, an important Anglo-Norman baron.

* Robert Danus, died between 985 and 989

* Emma of Normandy (c.985-1052) wife of two kings of England.

* Maud of Normandy, wife of Odo II of Blois, Count of Blois, Champagne and Chartres

* Hawise of Normandy (b. ca. 978), d. 21 February 1034. m. Geoffrey I, Duke of Brittany

* Beatrice of Normandy, Abbess of Montvilliers d.1034 m. Ebles of Turenne (d.1030 (divorced)

* Papia m. Gilbert de St Valery.

* Fressenda (ca. 995-ca. 1057), m. Tancred of Hauteville.

* Muriella m. Tancred of Hauteville.

Richard was known to have had several other mistresses and produced children with many of them. Known children are:

* Geoffrey, Count of Brionne, (b. ca. 970)

* William, Count of Eu (ca. 972-26 January 1057/58) m. Leseline de Turqueville (d. 26 January 1057/58).

He died in Fecamp, France on November 20, 996 of natural causes.

The Little Duke, a Victorian Juvenile novel by Charlotte Mary Yonge is a fictionalized account of Richard's boyhood and early struggles.

--------------------

The line to the dukes of Normandy comes through Isabel St. Liz, and the line to Charlemagne comes through her husband, William Mauduit. The lines merge again with the marriage of Richard I, Duke of Normandy, and Emma, daughter of Hugh, who was -in all but name- King of France. His son, Hugh Capet, later assumed the title, and primogeniture began in the French line of kings.

The two lines met again later with the marriage of Adele, daughter of King Robert II, and Richard III, Duke of Normandy. Richard I, "the Fearless"; named father's heir 29 May 942. Married first (Danish wife) Gunnora but betrothed ca. 945 and eventually married 960 to Emma. Richard was betrothed to Emma for some time but did not marry her until about 960, after the death of her father, Hugh the Great, in 956. Richard was the guardian of Hugh's son, the Duke of Paris, and eventually married Emma to strengthen his position. He did not treat her unkindly, he merely loved Gunnora. Poor Emma passed her life at Rouen alone and solitary, and eventually she pined away and died about the year 962. After Emma's death he married (Christian marriage) Gunnora to legitimize their children.

--------------------

Richard the Fearless

as part of the Six Dukes of Normandy statue in the town square of Falaise.Richard I of Normandy (born 28 August 933, in Fécamp Normandy, France died November 20, 996, in Fécamp) was the Duke of Normandy from 942 to 996; he is considered the first to actually have held that title. He was called Richard the Fearless (French, Sans Peur).

Birth

He was born to William I of Normandy, ruler of Normandy, and his wife, Sprota. He was still a boy when his father died in 942. His mother was a Breton concubine captured in war and bound to William by a Danish marriage. After William died, Sprota became the wife of Esperleng, a wealthy miller; Rodulf of Ivry was their son and Richard's half-brother.[citation needed]

Life

Richard was still a boy when his father died, and so he was powerless to stop Louis IV of France when he seized Normandy. Louis kept him in confinement in his youth at Lâon, but he escaped with the assistance of Osmond de Centville, Bernard de Senlis (who had been a companion of Rollo of Normandy), Ivo de Bellèsme, and Bernard the Dane (ancestor of families of Harcourt and Beaumont). In 968, Richard agreed to "commend" himself to Hugh, Count of Paris. He then allied himself with the Norman and Viking leaders, drove Louis out of Rouen, and took back Normandy by 947. He later quarrelled with Ethelred II of England regarding Viking invasions of England because Normandy had been buying up much of the stolen booty.

Richard was bilingual, having been well educated at Bayeux. He was more partial to his Danish subjects than to the French. During his reign, Normandy became completely Gallicized and Christianized. He introduced the feudal system and Normandy became one of the most thoroughly feudalized states on the continent. He carried out a major reorganization of the Norman military system, based on heavy cavalry. He also became guardian of the young Hugh, Count of Paris, on the elder Hugh's death in 956.

Marriages

He married 1st (960) Emma of France, daughter of Hugh "The Great" of France, and Hedwiga de Sachsen. They were betrothed when both were very young. She died 19 Mar 968, with no issue.

According to Robert of Torigni, not long after Emma's death, Duke Richard went out hunting and stopped at the house of a local forester. He became enamoured of the forester's wife, Seinfreda, but she being a virtuous woman, suggested he court her unmarried sister, Gunnor, instead. Gunnor became his mistress, and her family rose to prominence. Her brother, Herefast de Crepon, may have been involved in a controversial heresy trial. Gunnor was, like Richard, of Norse descent, being a Dane by blood. Richard finally married her to legitimize their children:

Richard II "the Good", Duke of Normandy (966)

Robert, Archbishop of Rouen, Count of Evreux, died 1037.

Geoffrey, Count of Eu, b. abt 962 died abt 1015. (Parentage [mother] not certain)

Mauger, Earl of Corbeil, died after 1033; his alleged grandson (or perhaps great-grandson) was Robert Fitzhamon, an important Anglo-Norman baron.

Robert Danus, died between 985 and 989

Emma of Normandy (c.985-1052) wife of two kings of England.

Maud of Normandy, wife of Odo II of Blois, Count of Blois, Champagne and Chartres

Hawise of Normandy (b. ca. 978), d. 21 February 1034. m. Geoffrey I, Duke of Brittany

Beatrice of Normandy, Abbess of Montvilliers d.1034 m. Ebles of Turenne (d.1030 (divorced)

Papia m. Gilbert de St Valery.

Fressenda (ca. 995-ca. 1057), m. Tancred of Hauteville.

Muriella m. Tancred of Hauteville.

Mistresses

Richard was known to have had several other mistresses and produced children with many of them. Known children are:

Geoffrey, Count of Brionne, (b. ca. 970)

William, Count of Eu (ca. 972-26 January 1057/58) m. Leseline de Turqueville (d. 26 January 1057/58).

Death

He died in Fecamp, France on November 20, 996 of natural causes.

Depictions in Fiction

The Little Duke, a Victorian Juvenile novel by Charlotte Mary Yonge is a fictionalized account of Richard's boyhood and early struggles.

--------------------

He was also called Richard the Fearless (French, Sans Peur).

--------------------------------------

Richard I, 3rd Duc de Normandie ▼1

M, #102172, b. 28 August 933, d. 20 November 996

Last Edited=25 Mar 2006

Richard I, 3rd Duc de Normandie was born on 28 August 933 at Fecamp, Normandy, France. ▼3 He was the son of Guillaume I 'Longsword', 2nd Duc de Normandie and Sprota (?). ▼1, ▼2

He married, firstly, Emma de Paris, daughter of Hugues of Neustria, Comte de Paris and Hedwig von Sachsen, in 960. ▼2

He married, secondly, Gonnor de Crepon, daughter of unknown de Crepon, in 962. ▼3

He died on 20 November 996 at age 63 at Fecamp, Normandy, France. ▼2

Richard I, 3rd Duc de Normandie also went by the nick-name of Richard 'the Fearless'. ▼1 He succeeded to the title of 3rd Duc de Normandie on 17 December 942. ▼1

Children of Richard I, 3rd Duc de Normandie

-1. William de Hiesmes, Comte de Hiesmes et d'Eu+ d. 2 Jan2

-2. Godfrey, Comte de Brionne+ b. c 953, d. c 1015 (2)

Children of Richard I, 3rd Duc de Normandie and Gunnor de Crêpon

-1. Mauger de Normandie, Comte de Corbeil+

-2. Matilda de Normandie d. c 1017

-3. Beatrix de Normandie

-4. Hedwig de Normandie+ d. 21 Feb 10342

-5. Robert d'Evreux, Comte d'Evreux+ d. 10372

-6. Richard II, 4th Duc de Normandie+ b. c 963, d. 28 Aug 1027 (1)

-7. Emma de Normandie+ b. bt 985 - 987, d. 14 Mar 1052

Forrás:

http://www.thepeerage.com/p10218.htm#i102172

--------------------

RICHARD II ~

Richard ruled 996 CE to 1026 CE.

NOBLES AND NOBILITY:

Nobles were the ruling class in the Middle Ages and the quality of nobility rationalized their rule. In economic terms, the power of the nobles rested in their control of the land and their capacity to exploit the labor of the overwhelming majority of the population: the free peasantry and the quasi-slaves, the SERES. In ideological terms, nobles claimed the right to rule based on their "high birth", that is, their innate qualities inherited from a family line of nobles. Nobles were supposed to enact great deeds and perform service for their superiors. The power of the nobles declined with the rise of the urban merchant class. Mercantile wealth replaced landed wealth as the source of political power in Europe.

Medieval European nobility emerged in the early Middle Ages with the fall of the western Roman Empire. The leaders of the Germanic tribes that conquered the former provinces of the empire seized the estates of the Roman noble class. A new, mixed class of landed elites was produced by the intermarriage of the Germanic elite with the noble Roman families. This elite class supported the new kingdoms and supplied the expanding Church with bishops and abbots. A higher class of nobility was formed when some nobles with strong ties to kings were given additional land and privileges. The noble class became central to the administration of the new kingdoms. Family lines were established that lasted for centuries and dominated the political and social life of Europe.

Beginning in the eleventh century, a number of noble families (who suffered a low birthrate and a notoriously high rate of infant mortality, and who sent many of their members to war) terminated when no son or daughter was produced who could inherit the family land. Inheritance laws also led to estates becoming smaller, making it more difficult to support a noble lifestyle, essential in maintaining respect.

Some families survived thes problems through gaining additional estates. This was done by merging with other families in marriage, gaining additonal land from the king, placing some children in church positions (thereby voiding their claim on family land), or by clearing new land or founding villages.

A new class of nobles emerged in the twelfth century when independent warriors were given the noble title of knights. Granting land to these warriors, who had terrified the European elite, provided some measure of control. However, the knights, while noble, usually only had enough land to support their families and family lines of knights were short as few children of knights rose to KNIGHTHOOD themselves.

In the late Middle Ages, the nobles suffered a decline in authority. Many entered the service of the monarchs in order to retain social status and power. But the loss of their land-based power signified the end of the era of nobles and the rule of nobility.

NORMANS:

Normans (also called Northmen or Norsemen) were Scandinavian Vikings who raided and then settled in northern France during the 900's. Although they abandoned piracy for Commerce and adopted the customs, religion, and language of the French, they did not give up their tasted for adventure, enrichment, and expansion.

EARLY EXPANSION:

Around 820, the Vikings had begun raiding the French coast and sailing up the Seine and other rivers to plunder the countryside. The raids ended in 911 when King Charles the Simple made a treaty the Viking chief Rollo. The treaty gave Rollo and his followers a large tract of land around Rouen, soon to be call Normandy, in exchange for the Norman's protection of France from other raiders and their conversion to Christianity. Rollo and his descendants, who became dukes of Normandy, gained considerable wealth from trade, rents collected from the Church, and raids on other regions. Significant Viking immigration until the mid-900's increased the population of the new Norman duchy.

During the reign of Duke Richard II (996-1026), social stability and intermarriage with the local population hastened Norman assimilation, while the Norman's acceptance of Christianity did much to spur the revival of the Church in Normandy. By the end of Richard's reign, the Normans had stopped speaking their original Scandinavian language in favor of the vernacular of the French inhabitants of the region.

DUKE WILLIAM:

From the end of Richard's reign to about 1050, Normandy was torn by feuds and political strife between rival factions of the Norman ruling class. After Duke William came to power, he pacified the duchy and increased its power in northern France, paving the way for his conquest of England.

Duke William (later known as William I The Conqueror), the illegitimate son of Robert I, was chosen as his father's successor after Robert died on a pilgrimage to the Holy Land, but for the next decade various members of the duke's family disregarded his claim as they struggled for power. In 1046-1047 William's cousin, Guy of Burgundy sought to seize control of the duchy with the help of several Norman lords, but William defeated them with the assistance of the French King, Henry I. William enlarged his domain by gaining control of Maine to the south and Brittany to the west, and successfully defended his duchy against invading forces sent by the count of Anjou and the French king. William's marriaage to Matilda, the daughter of the count of Flanders, strengthened his position in the east.

By the 1060s, William had unified Normandy and established his preeminence in northwestern France. When the half-Norman English king Edward the Confessor died childless in 1066, William was in a strong position to assert his claim to the throne. Edward who was William's cousin, had invited William to England in 1051 and, according to William, promised to make him his heir. When King Edward died and the English earl Harold of Wessex (later Harold II Godwinson) became king, an irate William invaded England in 1066.

On October 14, 1066, athe Battle of Hasings, William defeated Harold's army. Ten weeks later, on Christmas Day, the Archbishop of Canterbury crowned William king of England in Westminster Abbey. His coronation was the climax of the Norman Conquest, which changed forever the course of English history, culture, and language.

--------------------

1 NAME Richard I "the Fearless" of /Normandy/

2 SOUR S033320

3 DATA

4 TEXT Date of Import: Jan 17, 2001

1 BIRT

2 DATE 28 AUG 933

1 BIRT

2 DATE 28 AUG 933

2 PLAC Fecamp, Normandy, France

2 SOUR S033320

3 DATA

4 TEXT Date of Import: Jan 17, 2001

1 DEAT

2 DATE 20 NOV 996

2 PLAC ,Fecamp, Seine-Inferieure, France

2 SOUR S033320

3 DATA

4 TEXT Date of Import: Jan 17, 2001

[De La Pole.FTW]

Sources: RC 24, 89, 166, 168, 222; Coe; AF; Kings and Queens of Britain;

Norr (pages 46, 60); The Dukes of Normandy by Onslow; Butler; Pfafman;

A. Roots 1-19, 39, 121E; Kraentzler 1153, 1156, 1174, 1176, 1180, 1194, 1211,

1218, 1265, 1432, 1443; Davis; Magna Charta Sureties 157-1.

Roots: Richard I, "the Fearless," b. Fecamp, ca. 933; named father's heir

29 May 942. Married first (Danish wife) Gunnor but betrothed ca. 945 and

eventually married 960 to Emma. After Emma's death he married (Christian

marriage) Gunnor to legitimize their children.

Sureties: Richard I, the Fearless, Duke of Normandy.

Richard "sans Peur," Third Duke of Normandy, 942-996.

The line to the dukes of Normandy comes through Isabel St. Liz, and the line

to Charlemagne comes through her husband, William Mauduit. The lines merge

again with the marriage of Richard I, Duke of Normandy, and Emma, daughter of

Hugh "The Grand," who was--in all but name--King of France. His son, Hugh

Capet, later assumed the title, and primogeniture began in the French line of

kings.

The two lines met again later with the marriage of Adele, daughter of King

Robert II, and Richard III, Duke of Normandy.

Richard was betrothed to Emma for some time but did not marry her until

about 960, after the death of her father, Hugh the Great, in 956. Richard was

the guardian of Hugh's son, the Duke of Paris, and eventually married Emma to

strengthen his position. He did not treat her unkindly, he merely loved Gunnor.

"Poor Emma passed her life at Rouen alone and solitary, and eventually she

pined away and died about the year 962," Onslow says.

Davis: Richard I, the Fearless, Duke of Normandy from 942-996.

Norr: Richard I, the Fearless (san Peur), born about 933, 3rd duke. Married

(1) Agnes, daughter of Hugh le Grand and had issue. Married (2) Gunora, born

about 952, sister of a forester's wife whom Richard desired but who tricked him

with her younger sister.

*****

Richard I, "the Fearless" (sans Peur), 3rd Duke of Normandy (942/3-996), son of

William Longsword and Sprote de Bretagne.

SOURCES:

1. Stuart, Roderick W. _Royalty for Commoners_. 2nd Edition. Baltimore,

MD: Genealogical Publishing Company, Inc., 1992; line 166-33. Only says

that he was born about 933. Died 20 Nov 996 at Fecamp. Married after

962, (1) Emma (Agnes), daughter of Hugh le Grand, Count of Paris.

2. Taute, Anne. "Kings and Queens of Great Britain" chart. __ Edition.

Gives her date of death as 996.

3. Norr, Vernon M. _Some Early English Pedigrees_, page 60, generation 38.

Gives his death date as 996. This source states that he married (1)

Agnes, daughter of Hugh le Grand; had issue by and later married (2),

after Agnes' death, Gunora, born 952.

4. Ancestral File (AFN:9HMD-VF). Gives his birth date as 28 Aug 933. Death

date agrees with that given in Stuart.

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_I,_Duke_of_Normandy

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_I_of_Normandy

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_I,_Duke_of_Normandy

--------------------

wikipedia

Richard I of Normandy (born 28 August 933, in Fécamp Normandy, France died November 20, 996, in Fécamp) was the Duke of Normandy from 942 to 996; he is considered the first to actually have held that title.

Birth

He was born to William I of Normandy, ruler of Normandy, and his wife, Sprota. He was still a boy when his father died in 942. His mother was a Breton concubine captured in war and bound to William by a Danish marriage. After William died, Sprota became the wife of Esperleng, a wealthy miller; Rodulf of Ivry was their son and Richard's half-brother.[citation needed]

[edit] Life

Richard was still a boy when his father died, and so he was powerless to stop Louis IV of France when he seized Normandy. Louis kept him in confinement in his youth at Lâon, but he escaped with the assistance of Osmond de Centville, Bernard de Senlis (who had been a companion of Rollo of Normandy), Ivo de Bellèsme, and Bernard the Dane (ancestor of families of Harcourt and Beaumont). In 968, Richard agreed to "commend" himself to Hugh, Count of Paris. He then allied himself with the Norman and Viking leaders, drove Louis out of Rouen, and took back Normandy by 947. He later quarrelled with Ethelred II of England regarding Viking invasions of England because Normandy had been buying up much of the stolen booty.

Richard was bilingual, having been well educated at Bayeux. He was more partial to his Danish subjects than to the French. During his reign, Normandy became completely Gallicized and Christianized. He introduced the feudal system and Normandy became one of the most thoroughly feudalized states on the continent. He carried out a major reorganization of the Norman military system, based on heavy cavalry. He also became guardian of the young Hugh, Count of Paris, on the elder Hugh's death in 956.

[edit] Marriages

He married 1st (960) Emma (not to be confused with Emma of France), daughter of Hugh "The Great" of France, and Hedwiga de Sachsen. They were betrothed when both were very young. She died 19 Mar 968, with no issue.

According to Robert of Torigni, not long after Emma's death, Duke Richard went out hunting and stopped at the house of a local forester. He became enamoured of the forester's wife, Seinfreda, but she being a virtuous woman, suggested he court her unmarried sister, Gunnor, instead. Gunnor became his mistress, and her family rose to prominence. Her brother, Herefast de Crepon, may have been involved in a controversial heresy trial. Gunnor was, like Richard, of Norse descent, being a Dane by blood. Richard finally married her to legitimize their children:

* Richard II "the Good", Duke of Normandy (966)

* Robert, Archbishop of Rouen, Count of Evreux, died 1037.

* Geoffrey, Count of Eu, b. abt 962 died abt 1015. (Parentage [mother] not certain)

* Mauger, Earl of Corbeil, died after 1033; his alleged grandson (or perhaps great-grandson) was Robert Fitzhamon, an important Anglo-Norman baron.

* Robert Danus, died between 985 and 989

* Emma of Normandy (c.985-1052) wife of two kings of England.

* Maud of Normandy, wife of Odo II of Blois, Count of Blois, Champagne and Chartres

* Hawise of Normandy (b. ca. 978), d. 21 February 1034. m. Geoffrey I, Duke of Brittany

* Beatrice of Normandy, Abbess of Montvilliers d.1034 m. Ebles of Turenne (d.1030 (divorced)

* Papia m. Gilbert de St Valery.

* Fressenda (ca. 995-ca. 1057), m. Tancred of Hauteville.

* Muriella m. Tancred of Hauteville.

[edit] Mistresses

Richard was known to have had several other mistresses and produced children with many of them. Known children are:

* Geoffrey, Count of Brionne, (b. ca. 970)

* William, Count of Eu (ca. 972-26 January 1057/58) m. Leseline de Turqueville (d. 26 January 1057/58).

[edit] Death

He died in Fecamp, France on November 20, 996 of natural causes.

--------------------

wikipedia

Richard I of Normandy (born 28 August 933, in Fécamp Normandy, France died November 20, 996, in Fécamp) was the Duke of Normandy from 942 to 996; he is considered the first to actually have held that title.

Birth

He was born to William I of Normandy, ruler of Normandy, and his wife, Sprota. He was still a boy when his father died in 942. His mother was a Breton concubine captured in war and bound to William by a Danish marriage. After William died, Sprota became the wife of Esperleng, a wealthy miller; Rodulf of Ivry was their son and Richard's half-brother.[citation needed]

[edit] Life

Richard was still a boy when his father died, and so he was powerless to stop Louis IV of France when he seized Normandy. Louis kept him in confinement in his youth at Lâon, but he escaped with the assistance of Osmond de Centville, Bernard de Senlis (who had been a companion of Rollo of Normandy), Ivo de Bellèsme, and Bernard the Dane (ancestor of families of Harcourt and Beaumont). In 968, Richard agreed to "commend" himself to Hugh, Count of Paris. He then allied himself with the Norman and Viking leaders, drove Louis out of Rouen, and took back Normandy by 947. He later quarrelled with Ethelred II of England regarding Viking invasions of England because Normandy had been buying up much of the stolen booty.

Richard was bilingual, having been well educated at Bayeux. He was more partial to his Danish subjects than to the French. During his reign, Normandy became completely Gallicized and Christianized. He introduced the feudal system and Normandy became one of the most thoroughly feudalized states on the continent. He carried out a major reorganization of the Norman military system, based on heavy cavalry. He also became guardian of the young Hugh, Count of Paris, on the elder Hugh's death in 956.

[edit] Marriages

He married 1st (960) Emma (not to be confused with Emma of France), daughter of Hugh "The Great" of France, and Hedwiga de Sachsen. They were betrothed when both were very young. She died 19 Mar 968, with no issue.

According to Robert of Torigni, not long after Emma's death, Duke Richard went out hunting and stopped at the house of a local forester. He became enamoured of the forester's wife, Seinfreda, but she being a virtuous woman, suggested he court her unmarried sister, Gunnor, instead. Gunnor became his mistress, and her family rose to prominence. Her brother, Herefast de Crepon, may have been involved in a controversial heresy trial. Gunnor was, like Richard, of Norse descent, being a Dane by blood. Richard finally married her to legitimize their children:

* Richard II "the Good", Duke of Normandy (966)

* Robert, Archbishop of Rouen, Count of Evreux, died 1037.

* Geoffrey, Count of Eu, b. abt 962 died abt 1015. (Parentage [mother] not certain)

* Mauger, Earl of Corbeil, died after 1033; his alleged grandson (or perhaps great-grandson) was Robert Fitzhamon, an important Anglo-Norman baron.

* Robert Danus, died between 985 and 989

* Emma of Normandy (c.985-1052) wife of two kings of England.

* Maud of Normandy, wife of Odo II of Blois, Count of Blois, Champagne and Chartres

* Hawise of Normandy (b. ca. 978), d. 21 February 1034. m. Geoffrey I, Duke of Brittany

* Beatrice of Normandy, Abbess of Montvilliers d.1034 m. Ebles of Turenne (d.1030 (divorced)

* Papia m. Gilbert de St Valery.

* Fressenda (ca. 995-ca. 1057), m. Tancred of Hauteville.

* Muriella m. Tancred of Hauteville.

[edit] Mistresses

Richard was known to have had several other mistresses and produced children with many of them. Known children are:

* Geoffrey, Count of Brionne, (b. ca. 970)

* William, Count of Eu (ca. 972-26 January 1057/58) m. Leseline de Turqueville (d. 26 January 1057/58).

[edit] Death

He died in Fecamp, France on November 20, 996 of natural causes.

--------------------

Richard I of Normandy (born 28 August 933, in Fécamp Normandy, France died 20 November 996, in Fécamp) was the Duke of Normandy from 942 to 996; he is considered the first to actually have held that title. He was called Richard the Fearless (French, Sans Peur).

Birth

He was born to William I of Normandy, ruler of Normandy, and his wife, Sprota. He was still a boy when his father died in 942. His mother was a Breton concubine captured in war and bound to William by a Danish marriage. After William died, Sprota became the wife of Esperleng, a wealthy miller; Rodulf of Ivry was their son and Richard's half-brother.[citation needed]

Life

Richard was still a boy when his father died, and so he was powerless to stop Louis IV of France when he seized Normandy. Louis kept him in confinement in his youth at Lâon, but he escaped with the assistance of Osmond de Centville, Bernard de Senlis (who had been a companion of Rollo of Normandy), Ivo de Bellèsme, and Bernard the Dane (ancestor of families of Harcourt and Beaumont). In 968, Richard agreed to "commend" himself to Hugh, Count of Paris. He then allied himself with the Norman and Viking leaders, drove Louis out of Rouen, and took back Normandy by 947. He later quarrelled with Ethelred II of England regarding Danish invasions of England because Normandy had been buying up much of the stolen booty.

Richard was bilingual, having been well educated at Bayeux. He was more partial to his Danish subjects than to the Franks. During his reign, Normandy became completely Gallicized and Christianized. He introduced the feudal system and Normandy became one of the most thoroughly feudalized states on the continent. He carried out a major reorganization of the Norman military system, based on heavy cavalry. He also became guardian of the young Hugh, Count of Paris, on the elder Hugh's death in 956.

Marriages

He married 1st (960) Emma (not to be confused with Emma of France), daughter of Hugh "The Great" of France, and Hedwiga de Sachsen. They were betrothed when both were very young. She died 19 Mar 968, with no issue.

According to Robert of Torigni, not long after Emma's death, Duke Richard went out hunting and stopped at the house of a local forester. He became enamoured of the forester's wife, Seinfreda, but she being a virtuous woman, suggested he court her unmarried sister, Gunnor, instead. Gunnor became his mistress, and her family rose to prominence. Her brother, Herefast de Crepon, may have been involved in a controversial heresy trial. Gunnor was, like Richard, of Norse descent, being a Dane by blood. Richard finally married her to legitimize their children:

Richard II "the Good", Duke of Normandy (966)

Robert, Archbishop of Rouen, Count of Evreux, died 1037.

Mauger, Earl of Corbeil, died after 1033

Robert Danus, died between 985 and 989

another son

Emma of Normandy (c.985-1052) wife of two kings of England.

Maud of Normandy, wife of Odo II of Blois, Count of Blois, Champagne and Chartres

Hawise of Normandy (b. ca. 978), d. 21 February 1034. m. Geoffrey I, Duke of Brittany

Mistresses

Richard was known to have had several other mistresses and produced children with many of them. Known children are:

Geoffrey, Count of Brionne, (b. ca. 970)

William, Count of Eu (ca. 972-26 January 1057/58) m. Leseline de Turqueville (d. 26 January 1057/58).

Beatrice of Normandy, Abbess of Montvilliers d.1034 m. Ebles of Turenne (d.1030 (divorced)

Robert

"Papia" m. Gilbert de St Valery (based on a claim his wife as a daughter of "Richard of Normandy" -- the only Richard who chronologically fits is Richard I. Name is not confirmed in any source. ref)

Possible other children

Long after his death, the De Hautevilles of Naples/Sicily claimed that their ancestor Tancred of Hauteville had married two daughters of Richard I, but this is not backed up by any primary or secondary source. If true, Richard would have had at least two more illegitimate children:

Fressenda (ca. 995-ca. 1057)

Muriella

Death

He died in Fecamp, France on 20 November 996 of natural causes.

Depictions in Fiction

The Little Duke, a Victorian Juvenile novel by Charlotte Mary Yonge is a fictionalized account of Richard's boyhood and early struggles.

--------------------

Richard I of Normandy (born 28 August 933, in Fécamp Normandy, France died November 20, 996, in Fécamp) was the Duke of Normandy from 942 to 996; he is considered the first to actually have held that title. He was called Richard the Fearless (French, Sans Peur).

Contents [hide]

1 Birth

2 Life

3 Marriages

4 Mistresses

5 Death

6 Depictions in Fiction

7 Genealogy

8 Sources

[edit] Birth

He was born to William I of Normandy, ruler of Normandy, and his wife, Sprota. He was still a boy when his father died in 942. His mother was a Breton concubine captured in war and bound to William by a Danish marriage. After William died, Sprota became the wife of Esperleng, a wealthy miller; Rodulf of Ivry was their son and Richard's half-brother.[citation needed]

[edit] Life

Richard was still a boy when his father died, and so he was powerless to stop Louis IV of France when he seized Normandy. Louis kept him in confinement in his youth at Lâon, but he escaped with the assistance of Osmond de Centville, Bernard de Senlis (who had been a companion of Rollo of Normandy), Ivo de Bellèsme, and Bernard the Dane (ancestor of families of Harcourt and Beaumont). In 968, Richard agreed to "commend" himself to Hugh, Count of Paris. He then allied himself with the Norman and Viking leaders, drove Louis out of Rouen, and took back Normandy by 947. He later quarrelled with Ethelred II of England regarding Viking invasions of England because Normandy had been buying up much of the stolen booty.

Richard was bilingual, having been well educated at Bayeux. He was more partial to his Danish subjects than to the French. During his reign, Normandy became completely Gallicized and Christianized. He introduced the feudal system and Normandy became one of the most thoroughly feudalized states on the continent. He carried out a major reorganization of the Norman military system, based on heavy cavalry. He also became guardian of the young Hugh, Count of Paris, on the elder Hugh's death in 956.

[edit] Marriages

He married 1st (960) Emma of France, daughter of Hugh "The Great" of France, and Hedwiga de Sachsen. They were betrothed when both were very young. She died 19 Mar 968, with no issue.

According to Robert of Torigni, not long after Emma's death, Duke Richard went out hunting and stopped at the house of a local forester. He became enamoured of the forester's wife, Seinfreda, but she being a virtuous woman, suggested he court her unmarried sister, Gunnor, instead. Gunnor became his mistress, and her family rose to prominence. Her brother, Herefast de Crepon, may have been involved in a controversial heresy trial. Gunnor was, like Richard, of Norse descent, being a Dane by blood. Richard finally married her to legitimize their children:

Richard II "the Good", Duke of Normandy (966)

Robert, Archbishop of Rouen, Count of Evreux, died 1037.

Geoffrey, Count of Eu, b. abt 962 died abt 1015. (Parentage [mother] not certain)

Mauger, Earl of Corbeil, died after 1033; his alleged grandson (or perhaps great-grandson) was Robert Fitzhamon, an important Anglo-Norman baron.

Robert Danus, died between 985 and 989

Emma of Normandy (c.985-1052) wife of two kings of England.

Maud of Normandy, wife of O

_P_CCINFO 1-2782

BIOGRAPHY: Title: 3rd Duke of Normandy
Name: Richard I of NORMANDY
Name: Richard I The Fearless of NORMANDY

BIOGRAPHY: Marriage 1 Papia DE ENVERMEU b: in Normandy, France
Children
Papia of NORMANDY b: BEF 995
Fredesende of NORMANDY b: ABT 995 in Normandy, France
Muriella DE NORMANDY b: BET 950 AND 970 in Normandy, Francy
Sporta of NORMANDY b: BET 951 AND 978 in Ivry, France

BIOGRAPHY: Marriage 2 Emma of PARIS b: 943
Married: BET 956 AND 960 in France

BIOGRAPHY: Marriage 3 Gunnora DE CREPON b: ABT 936 in Normandy, France
Event: Partners AFT 962 in France
Children
William de Hiesmes DE EU b: BET 972 AND 978
Hedwig (Havoise) DE NORMANDY b: BET 973 AND 977 in Bretagne, Normandy, France
Matilda (Mahaud) DE NORMANDY b: AFT 962
Beatrice of NORMANDY b: BET 980 AND 990
Richard II The Good of NORMANDY b: BET 958 AND 962 in Normandy, France
Emma of NORMANDY b: BET 982 AND 987 in Normandy, France
Robert D'EVEREUX b: ABT 964 in Normandy, France
Godfrey DE EU b: ABT 953 in Normandy, France
Mauger DE MORTAIN b: 967 in Normandy, France

Randy Wilson, Overview Chart of Lineal Ancestors of King Edward of
England and Philippa of Hainault.

Richard I sans Peur duc de Normandie.

B.S. Bachrach 1993, Fulk Nerra, the Neo-Roman Consul, 987-1040,
Genealogy 10.

Third Duke of Normandy; Count of Normany 942-996.

Index to Royal Genealogical Data, University of Hull WEB database,
1995. Became Duke 942.

LDS Ancestral File, 4 November 2001.

Richard I
http://trees.ancestry.com/rd?f=document&guid=64bbdda9-d22f-4627-bf8d-d8e1b8e31509&tid=6650027&pid=-1234032514

Ricardo I da Normandia (nascido em 28 de Agosto de 933, em Fécamp, na Normandia; falecido em 20 de Novembro de 996, em Fécamp) foi Duque da Normandia entre 942 e 996. É considerado o primeiro verdadeiro detentor desse título. Foi cognominado "sem medo".
Nasceu filho de Guilherme I, Duque da Normandia, e de sua esposa, Sprota, possivelmente entre 932 e 935. Era ainda criança quando seu pai faleceu em 942.

'the Fearless'
For more information see the Our Folk - Hart family Web Site

from "Our Folk" by Albert D Hart, Jr.

Stuart Roderick, W.
Royalty for Commoners, 3rd Edit. Published, Genealogical Publishing Co, Inc. Baltomore, MD. 1998,
ISBN-0-8063-1561-X Text 324-40

!Name is; Richard I, "the Fearless" Duke of /NORMANDY/

Acceded: 942

Il n'a pas plus de 10 ans à la mort de son père et se voit attribuer un conseil de régence comprenant quatre hauts personnages du duché normand : Bernard le Danois, Raoul Taisson, Anslech de Bricquebec et Osmond de Conteville. Mais le roi carolingien Louis d'Outremer, sous prétexte de faire son éducation, le fait transporter avec l'un de ses régents, Osmond, à sa cour de Laon. Il semble y avoir séjourné de 943 à 945 et s'être finalement enfui avec l'aide d'Osmond qui aurait organisé son évasion avec la complicité d'Yves de Bellême et de Bernard, comte de Senlis et vassal d'Hugues le Grand, duc des Francs.

Pendant l'intervalle de temps, Herluin II de Ponthieu est nommé par le roi gouverneur de Normandie en 943 avant d'être tué par des Normands en 945.

Cependant, entre temps, Louis d'Outremer s'est associé avec Hugues le Grand pour dépecer le jeune et fragile duché normand. Le roi s'attaque à l'Évrecin, tandis que le duc des Francs prend Gacé, Évreux et va assiéger Bayeux. Bernard le Danois suggère alors au roi que les Normands se résignent à se soumettre. Il obtient ainsi la fin des hostilités. Puis, contactant Hugues le Grand, il le convainc qu'il a été trompé par le roi. Et pour finir d'envenimer les relations entre les anciens alliés, il promet l'aide des Normands à Hugues contre le roi, amenant Hugues à commettre l'erreur de se lancer en campagne contre le roi.

Par ailleurs Bernard le Danois, un Viking qui a gardé des contacts avec sa Scandinavie natale, s'est allié au roi danois Harald « Á-La-Dent-Bleue », et attire le roi dans un guet-apens le 13 juillet 945. Herluin II de Ponthieu meurt dans l'affaire et Louis d'Outremer est capturé. Il est transmis à Hugues le Grand qui le garde prisonnier à Laon jusqu'en juillet 946. Cela permet à Richard, maintenant adolescent et revenu en Normandie, de faire reconnaître l'indépendance de la Normandie par les Grands (Nobles) du royaume franc carolingien.

En 946, craignant l'alliance du Normand Richard avec Hugues le Grand, le roi forme une coalition contre eux avec le roi Otton Ier de Germanie, Arnoul Ier, comte de Flandre, Conrad, duc de Bourgogne, et Alain Barbetorte, duc de Bretagne. Ayant attaqué Hugues le Grand et pris Reims, il pénètre en Vexin. Les Normands parviennent à détacher Otton de la coalition et défont les forces du roi dans la forêt de Roumare.

Dans les années suivantes, le Normand soutient Hugues le Grand et épouse sa fille Emma en 960. En 948, des guerriers normands participent aux siège de Soissons par Hugues le Grand et il revient dans le Soissonnais l'année suivante, de nouveau avec des Normands.

Richard et Emma n'ont pas d'enfants. C'est de Gunnor de Crépon, sœur d'Osbern de Crépon (cf. famille de Crépon), épousée « more danico » que Richard a une descendance :

Richard son successeur ;
Robert, comte d'Évreux et archevêque de Rouen ;
Mauger, comte de Mortain et de comte de Corbeil ;
Emma, future reine des Anglo-Saxons, puis des Danois ;
Havoise, épouse du duc de Bretagne ;
Mathilde, épouse d'Eudes II de Blois, comte de Blois.
Il est probable que le duc Richard a d'autres concubines, des « frillas », et de nombreux bâtards dont :

Godefroi, comte d'Eu et de Brionne (cf. famille De Clare) ;
Guillaume, qui succède à son frère Godefroi à Eu.
Les nombreux descendants du duc Richard sont appelés les « Richardides ».

En 957, le roi et le duc des Francs décèdent l'un après l'autre. Lothaire, un carolingien, devient roi des Francs et tente d'assasiner le Normand lors d'un guet-apens. Richard, prévenu, évite de tomber dans le piège et c'est de nouveau la guerre. Les Bretons et Thibaud, comte de Blois et comte de Chartres harcèlent la Normandie au service du roi. Les Normands lancent une expédition contre Soissons où le roi a réuni en plaid les Grands de France et de Burgondie. La ville n'est pas prise mais le roi n'a rien tiré de l'assemblée.

En 961, le roi tente un nouveau guet-apens mais les Normands, de nouveau prévenus, écrasent l'armée royale.

En 964, le roi réunit une nouvelle assemblée à Melun. S'y trouve Liutgarde de Vermandois, belle-mère du duc Richard et qui s'est remariée avec Thibaud de Blois. Une armée est réunie dans le Drouai, s'empare d'Évreux et menace Rouen. Cette armée est bousculée une nuit par une attaque des Normands sur leurs camps. Ces derniers poursuivent leurs campagne dans le Chartrain et obtiennent un accord avec le roi, le traité de Gisors.

La Normandie n'est désormais plus menacée jusqu'à la mort du duc. En 966, Richard fait d'ailleurs réformer le Mont Saint-Michel avec l'accord de Lothaire. Ce qui n'empêche pas les Normands de monter à leur tour des expéditions contre leurs voisins : en Flandre contre le comte Arnoul II de Flandre ou contre Albert de Vermandois dans la fin des années 980.

Au plus tard en 968, Richard se reconnaît le vassal d'Hugues Capet. S'il ne l'aide pas contre Charles de Lorraine (en 988/91), il est son principal soutien lors du siège de Melun en 991 - le châtelain est passé au service d'Eudes Ier de Blois alors même que ce dernier vient d'acquérir Dreux tout en menaçant le duché normand.

L'an suivant, il renverse ses alliances. Le puissant Foulque « Nerra » (le « Noir »), avec le soutien d'Hugues Capet, développe sa principauté sur la Loire, vers les comtés de Nantes et de Rennes tout en construisant de nouvelles fortifications en Anjou et en Touraine. Pour parer à cette nouvelle menace, Richard s'allie à Eudes de Blois et adhére à une coalition contre l'Angevin comprenant le duc d'Aquitaine, le comte de Flandre et le comte de Rennes. Richer rapporte qu'en 992, des Normands participent aux côté des Bretons, à la bataille de Conquereuil que remporte Foulque. Cette alliance bretonne amène un double mariage des enfants de Richard et de Conan.

Il décéde en 996, la date de sa mort nous est donnée par Dudon de Saint-Quentin, bien renseigné sur les Normands du duché. Il est enterré à Fécamp.

Richard a rétabli la paix et la prospérité dans le territoire, momentanément perturbé par les troubles de sa minorité. Il a dirigé la province d'une main de fer. Malgré sa longévité, Richard ne laissa qu'un jeune héritier, encore incapable d'imposer sa propre autorité

!RESEARCH NOTES:
1. Even though Richard I did not marry Gonnor until after 962 according to Norman law, he married her according to Danish custom prior to his betrothal to Emma, daughter of Hugh "The Great", Duke of France. Years after his betrothal to Emma (who was only a child at the time), he married her in 960.
!SOURCES:
1. Tab. Souv. Gen., France 22, Tab. 48
2. Dukes of Normandy, France 5, p. 63-94
3. Keiser und Koenig Hist., Gen. Hist. 25, pt 1, p. 100
4. Anderson's Royal Gen., Eng. 132, p. 741

SOURCE NOTES:
Bu850; http://www.stirnet.com/HTML/genie/continent/mn/normans1.htm

_P_CCINFO 1-20792

!RESEARCH NOTES:
1. Even though Richard I did not marry Gonnor until after 962 according to Norman law, he married her according to Danish custom prior to his betrothal to Emma, daughter of Hugh "The Great", Duke of France. Years after his betrothal toEmma (who was only a child at the time), he married her in 960.
!SOURCES:
1. Tab. Souv. Gen., France 22, Tab. 48
2. Dukes of Normandy, France 5, p. 63-94
3. Keiser und Koenig Hist., Gen. Hist. 25, pt 1, p. 100
4. Anderson's Royal Gen., Eng. 132, p. 741

EVEN:
TYPE Acceded
DATE 942

The Fearless

55448916. Hertug Richard I sans Peur WILHELMSON av Normandie was born in 932. He was a Hertug between 942 and 996. He died in 996. He was married.

110904716. Richard I uten frykt WILHELMSON was born in 932.(10075) He was a Hertug in 943 in Normandie (F). (10076) Han ble i 945 også herre over Bretagne, måtte kjempe for sitt land med Ludvig IV. av Frankrike. He died on 20 Nov 996 in Fecamp / Frankrike.(10077) He was married to Gunnor N.NSDTR in 969.(10078)

Rikard I av Normandie (ca 935 20. november 996) var hertug av Normandie fra 942 til 996. Historikerne betrakter enten Rikard som den første som hadde tittelen hertug, eller hans sønn, noe som avløste den eldre tittelen jarl. Han ble kalt for ±Rikard den fryktesløse», fransk Sans Peur.

[rediger] Fødsel
Rikard var sønn av Vilhelm I av Normandie, jarl av Normandie, og Sprota av Senlis. Han var født en gang mellom 932 og 935 og var fortsatt en ung gutt da hans far døde i 942. Hans mor var en medhustru fra Bretagne som ble tatt i krig og knyttet til Vilhelm i et såkalt ±dansk ekteskap».[1] Etter Vilhelms død ble Sprota gift med Esperleng, en rik møller.

[rediger] Liv
Ved å være gutt ved farens død var Rikard maktesløs til å hindre kong Ludvig IV av Frankrike da denne anekterte Normandie. Franskekongen holdt Rikard i fangenskap i hele hans ungdom ved Lâon, men han klarte å rømme ved hjelp av Osmund de Centerville, Bernard de Senlis (som hadde vært en ridder hos Rollo), Ivo de Bellèsme, og Bernard ±Dansken» (slektninger av familiene Harcourt og Beaumont). I 968 knyttet Rikard forbinelser til Hugo, greve av Paris, og deretter allierte han seg med ulike normanniske og norrøne høvdinger, maktet å drive kong Ludvig ut av Rouen og gjenerobret Normandie innen 947. Senere kom han i strid med Ethelred II den rådville av England angående vikingenes herjinger og rovtokter i England ettersom Normandie drev på med å kjøpte mye av tyvgodset.

Rikard hadde øyensynlig ingen sentimentale følelser overfor sine norrøne forfedre og var langt mer partisk mot de norrøne og danske undersåttene sine enn de franske. Antagelig så han på med forakt på de norrøne hedingene som ikke snakket fransk som han selv, til tross for at han var flerspråklig etter å ha vært utdannet ved Bayeux. I løpet av hans tid som hertug over Normandie ble landet fullstendig gjort fransk og kristnet. Hans far kan ha introduserte føydalsystemet, men det var Rikard som tvang det igjennom og Normandie ble ett av de mest gjennomregulerte føydale samfunn i Europa. Rikard reorganiserte totalt det normanniske militærsystemet og basert det på tungt kavaleri. Han ble også fosterfar til unge Hugo, grev av Paris ved den eldre Hugos død i 956.

Den viktoriansk ungdomsromanen The Little Duke (Den lille hertug) av Charlotte Mary Yonge er en fiktiv beskrivelse av Rikards ungdomstid og tidlige stridigheter.

[rediger] Ekteskap
Rikard giftet seg første gang med Emma av Paris, datteren av Hugo den store, hertug av frankerne og greve av Paris. De ble trolovet mens de begge var svært unge. Hun døde i 966 uten å ha fått barn.

I henhold til Robert av Torigni var Rikard ute på jakt ikke lenge etter Emmas død. Han tok en pause ved huset til en lokal forstmann. Han ble amorøst interessert i forstmanns hustru Seinfreda, men hun var dydig kvinne og forslo at han heller burde by opp hennes ugifte søster, Gunnor eller Gunnora de Crepon. Gunnora ble hans elskerinne, og hennes familie, som var dansk opprinnelse, fikk økt prestisje. Rikard giftet seg til slutt med Gunnora for å legitimere deres barn. Hennes bror Herefast de Crepon kan ha vært involvert i en kontroversiell rettssak angående kjetteri i forbindelse med katarenes tro.

Hans barn med Gunnora var:

Richard II, hertug av Normandie, også kalt for ±Rikard den gode»
Robert, erkebiskop av Rouen, greve av Evreux, død 1037.
Mauger, jarl av Corbeil, død etter 1033.
Robert Danus, død mellom 985 og 989.
Emma av Normandie, død 1052, dronning av England to ganger.
Hawise av Normandie, hustru til Geoffrey I, hertug av Bretagne.
Maud av Normandie, hustru til Odo II av Blois, greve av Blois, Champagne og Chartres.

[rediger] Elskerinner
Richard var også kjent for å ha tatt til seg friller og produserte barn med mange av dem.

Kjente barn:

Geoffrey, greve av Brionne, (født ca. 970)
Hawise (født ca. 978), død 21. februar 1034, gift med Geoffrey av Bretagne, hertug av Bretagne, (ca. 997), sønn av Conan I av Bretagne, hertug av Bretagne, ±le Tort», og Ermengarde av Anjou.
William d'Eu, greve av Eu, (født ca. 985).

[rediger] Død
Rihcard døde i Fecamp i Frankrige den 20. november 996 av naturlige årsaker.

Duke Richard I the Fairless of Normandy

Duke of Normandy

Rikard I av Normandie (ca 935 - 20. november 996) var hertug av Normandie fra 942 til 996. Historikerne betrakter enten Rikard som den første som hadde tittelen hertug, eller hans sønn, noe som avløste den eldre tittelen jarl. Han ble kalt for ?Rikard den fryktesløse?, fransk Sans Peur.

Fødsel
Rikard var sønn av Vilhelm I av Normandie, jarl av Normandie, og Sprota av Senlis. Han var født en gang mellom 932 og 935 og var fortsatt en ung gutt da hans far døde i 942. Hans mor var en medhustru fra Bretagne som ble tatt i krig og knyttet til Vilhelm i et såkalt ?dansk ekteskap?.[1] Etter Vilhelms død ble Sprota gift med Esperleng, en rik møller.

Liv
Ved å være gutt ved farens død var Rikard maktesløs i å hindre kong Ludvig IV av Frankrike da denne anekterte Normandie. Franskekongen holdt Rikard i fangenskap i hele hans ungdom ved Lâon, men han klarte å rømme ved hjelp av Osmund de Centerville, Bernard de Senlis (som hadde vært en ridder hos Rollo), Ivo de Bellèsme, og Bernard ?Dansken? (slektninger av familiene Harcourt og Beaumont). I 968 knyttet Rikard forbinelser til Hugo, greve av Paris, og deretter allierte han seg med ulike normanniske og norrøne høvdinger, maktet å drive kong Ludvig ut av Rouen og gjenerobret Normandie innen 947. Senere kom han i strid med Ethelred II den rådville av England angående vikingenes herjinger og rovtokter i England ettersom Normandie drev på med å kjøpte mye av tyvgodset.

Rikard hadde øyensynlig ingen sentimentale følelser overfor sine norrøne forfedre og var langt mer partisk mot de norrøne og danske undersåttene sine enn de franske. Antagelig så han på med forakt på de norrøne hedingene som ikke snakket fransk som han selv, til tross for at han var flerspråklig etter å ha vært utdannet ved Bayeux. I løpet av hans tid som hertug over Normandie ble landet fullstendig gjort fransk og kristnet. Hans far kan ha introduserte føydalsystemet, men det var Rikard som tvang det igjennom og Normandie ble ett av de mest gjennomregulerte føydale samfunn i Europa. Rikard reorganiserte totalt det normanniske militærsystemet og basert det på tungt kavaleri. Han ble også fosterfar til unge Hugo, grev av Paris ved den eldre Hugos død i 956.

Den viktoriansk ungdomsromanen The Little Duke (Den lille hertug) av Charlotte Mary Yonge er en fiktiv beskrivelse av Rikards ungdomstid og tidlige stridigheter.

Ekteskap
Rikard giftet seg første gang med Emma av Paris, datteren av Hugo den store, hertug av frankerne og greve av Paris. De ble trolovet mens de begge var svært unge. Hun døde i 966 uten å ha fått barn.

I henhold til Robert av Torigni var Rikard ute på jakt ikke lenge etter Emmas død. Han tok en pause ved huset til en lokal forstmann. Han ble amorøst interessert i forstmanns hustru Seinfreda, men hun var dydig kvinne og forslo at han heller burde by opp hennes ugifte søster, Gunnor eller Gunnora de Crepon. Gunnora ble hans elskerinne, og hennes familie, som var dansk opprinnelse, fikk økt prestisje. Rikard giftet seg til slutt med Gunnora for å legitimere deres barn. Hennes bror Herefast de Crepon kan ha vært involvert i en kontroversiell rettssak angående kjetteri i forbindelse med katarenes tro.

Hans barn med Gunnora var:

Richard II, hertug av Normandie, også kalt for ?Rikard den gode?
Robert, erkebiskop av Rouen, greve av Evreux, død 1037.
Mauger, jarl av Corbeil, død etter 1033.
Robert Danus, død mellom 985 og 989.
Emma av Normandie, død 1052, dronning av England to ganger.
Hawise av Normandie, hustru til Geoffrey I, hertug av Bretagne.
Maud av Normandie, hustru til Odo II av Blois, greve av Blois, Champagne og Chartres.

Elskerinner
Rikard var også kjent for å ha tatt til seg friller og fikk barn med mange av dem.

Kjente barn:

Geoffrey, greve av Brionne, (født ca. 970)
Hawise (født ca. 978), død 21. februar 1034, gift med Geoffrey av Bretagne, hertug av Bretagne, (ca. 997), sønn av Conan I av Bretagne, hertug av Bretagne, ?le Tort?, og Ermengarde av Anjou.
William d'Eu, greve av Eu, (født ca. 985).

Død
Rihcard døde i Fecamp i Frankrige den 20. november 996 av naturlige årsaker.

[rediger] Referanse
^ Dansk ekteskap betegner et ekteskap inngått uten samtykke fra adel/riksforsamling eller lignende, og som dermed ikke gir etterkommere med arverett til tronen. Se Conditional Consent, Dynastic Rights and the Danish Law of Succession

Litteratur
McKitterick, Rosamund. The Frankish Kingdoms under the Carolingians 751-987, 1993.
Searle, Eleanor. Predatory Kinship and the Creation of Norman Power, 840-1066, 1998.
The Henry Project: Richard I of Normandy

_P_CCINFO 2-2438

KNOWN AS "THE FEARLESS"; DUKE OF BRITTANY; 3RD DUKE OF NORMANDY; NATURAL SON

32nd great grandfather

The Fearless

!Name is; Richard I, "the Fearless" Duke of /NORMANDY/

3rd Duke of Normandy.

!RESEARCH NOTES:
1. Even though Richard I did not marry Gonnor until after 962 according to Norman law, he married her according to Danish custom prior to his betrothal to Emma, daughter of Hugh "The Great", Duke of France. Years after his betrothal toEmma (who was only a child at the time), he married her in 960.
!SOURCES:
1. Tab. Souv. Gen., France 22, Tab. 48
2. Dukes of Normandy, France 5, p. 63-94
3. Keiser und Koenig Hist., Gen. Hist. 25, pt 1, p. 100
4. Anderson's Royal Gen., Eng. 132, p. 741

RESEARCH NOTES:
3rd Duke of Normandy; Count of Rouen
Herre over Normandy and Bretagne, maatte kjempe for sitt land mot
Ludvig IV av France. Of hans tid forsvant de siste spor of nordisk spraak and
skikker i Normandy. Normannerne ble forfransket.

He was Duke of Normandy from 942 to 996.

1 NAME Sans Peur //
2 GIVN Sans Peur
2 SURN
2 NICK Sans Peur

1 NAME Richard I "the Fearless" of /Normandy/ 2 SOUR S033320 3 DATA 4 TEXT Date of Import: Jan 17, 2001 1 BIRT 2 DATE 28 AUG 933 1 BIRT 2 DATE 28 AUG 933 2 PLAC Fecamp, Normandy, France 2 SOUR S033320 3 DATA 4 TEXT Date of Import: Jan 17, 2001 1 DEAT 2 DATE 20 NOV 996 2 PLAC ,Fecamp, Seine-Inferieure, France 2 SOUR S033320 3 DATA 4 TEXT Date of Import: Jan 17, 2001

[De La Pole.FTW]
Sources: RC 24, 89, 166, 168, 222; Coe; AF; Kings and Queens of Britain; Norr (pages 46, 60); The Dukes of Normandy by Onslow; Butler; Pfafman; A. Roots 1-19, 39, 121E; Kraentzler 1153, 1156, 1174, 1176, 1180, 1194, 1211, 1218, 1265, 1432, 1443; Davis; Magna Charta Sureties 157-1. Roots: Richard I, "the Fearless," b. Fecamp, ca. 933; named father's heir 29 May 942. Married first (Danish wife) Gunnor but betrothed ca. 945 and eventually married 960 to Emma. After Emma's death he married (Christian marriage) Gunnor to legitimize their children.
Sureties: Richard I, the Fearless, Duke of Normandy.
Richard "sans Peur," Third Duke of Normandy, 942-996. The line to the dukes of Normandy comes through Isabel St. Liz, and the line to Charlemagne comes through her husband, William Mauduit. The lines merge again with the marriage of Richard I, Duke of Normandy, and Emma, daughter of Hugh "The Grand," who was--in all but name--King of France. His son, Hugh Capet, later assumed the title, and primogeniture began in the French line of kings. The two lines met again later with the marriage of Adele, daughter of King Robert II, and Richard III, Duke of Normandy. Richard was betrothed to Emma for some time but did not marry her until about 960, after the death of her father, Hugh the Great, in 956. Richard was the guardian of Hugh's son, the Duke of Paris, and eventually married Emma to strengthen his position. He did not treat her unkindly, he merely loved Gunnor. "Poor Emma passed her life at Rouen alone and solitary, and eventually she pined away and died about the year 962," Onslow says.
Davis: Richard I, the Fearless, Duke of Normandy from 942-996. Norr: Richard I, the Fearless (san Peur), born about 933, 3rd duke. Married (1) Agnes, daughter of Hugh le Grand and had issue. Married (2) Gunora, born about 952, sister of a forester's wife whom Richard desired but who tricked him with her younger sister. ***** Richard I, "the Fearless" (sans Peur), 3rd Duke of Normandy (942/3-996), son of William Longsword and Sprote de Bretagne.

SOURCES: 1. Stuart, Roderick W. _Royalty for Commoners_. 2nd Edition. Baltimore, MD: Genealogical Publishing Company, Inc., 1992; line 166-33. Only says that he was born about 933. Died 20 Nov 996 at Fecamp. Married after 962, (1) Emma (Agnes), daughter of Hugh le Grand, Count of Paris. 2. Taute, Anne. "Kings and Queens of Great Britain" chart. __ Edition.
Gives her date of death as 996. 3. Norr, Vernon M. _Some Early English Pedigrees_, page 60, generation 38. Gives his death date as 996. This source states that he married (1) Agnes, daughter of Hugh le Grand; had issue by and later married (2),
after Agnes' death, Gunora, born 952. 4. Ancestral File (AFN:9HMD-VF). Gives his birth date as 28 Aug 933. Death
date agrees with that given in Stuart.

EVEN:
TYPE Acceded
DATE 942

Richard I The Fearless of Normandy
http://trees.ancestry.com/rd?f=document&guid=b28b1a23-d17a-47de-8d26-304a11c65337&tid=12140672&pid=-321159153

Richard I The Fearless
http://trees.ancestry.com/rd?f=image&guid=b2e62eb6-9264-4332-8387-5bfdbb170509&tid=12140672&pid=-321159153

_P_CCINFO 1-3597

Richar_fearless_statue_in_falaise
http://trees.ancestry.com/rd?f=image&guid=67e4bfb3-432e-4cfc-b0c2-3508a5a63c13&tid=5378431&pid=-1299719675

Richard "San Peur" Duke of Normandy
http://trees.ancestry.com/rd?f=document&guid=8c32ed4c-b6c4-4385-8bb6-15c65f6c9414&tid=5378431&pid=-1299719675

From THE RUFUS PARKS PEDIGREE by Brian J.L. Berry, chart pg 55.

Page 59:

3. Richard Sans Peur (the Fearless), c.932-96; Duke of Normandy; taken into "protective custody" by King Louis IV. But the latter, campaigning to bring the Normans under control, was taken prisoner by them 945 and was handed over to the Robertian Hugh Magnus, Duke of Franks. Richard was returned to his people and withstood the last Carolingian attempts to subdue the duchy and in 987 was instrumental in securing the French crown for Hugh's son Hugh Capet, husband of his first cousin Adelaide of Poitou. Richard mar. Gunnora (Gunilda), a Danish woman, by whom he became ancestor of a succession of Dukes of Normandy, including William the Conconquer. Our descent, however is through a bastard son.

Richard I Duke of Normandy
http://trees.ancestry.com/rd?f=image&guid=969a7de8-3699-48bc-8431-2ba12657e25c&tid=6650027&pid=-1234032514

Possiveis Discrepancias:
Na Wikipédia a menção a um Ricardo I da Normandia que teria sido duque, e não conde. Ele teria se casado com um plebéia (e não princesa) de nome Gunora (possível curruptela de Gunnor) e tido Ricardo II, Roberto II, Mauger, Robert Danus, Ema e Maud. A data de nascimento, 933, é compativel com o período em que pode ter se dado o nascimento desse Ricardo da Normandia.

Os nomes dos filhos não batem, e foi encontrada uma 2a referëncia a existëncia de um Ricardo I que foi conde e se casou com a princesa Gunnor, mas os nomes dos pais de ambos os Ricardos é IDENTICO (Guilherme, conde para os sites de genealogia, Duque para a Wikipédia, e Sprota), optei pela versão da wikipédia tanto para o título como para a origem da esposa.

--Other Fields

Ref Number: 230

_P_CCINFO 1-20792
According to Stuart--Royalty for Commoners 1-3 & Weis Ancestral Roots 4-10

Richard I "the Fearless" Duke of Normandy

Sources: RC 24, 89, 166, 168, 222; Coe; AF; Kings and Queens ofBritain; Norr (pages 46, 60); The Dukes of Normandy by Onslow; Butler; Pfafman; A. Roots 1-19, 39, 121E; Kraentzler 1153, 1156, 1174, 1176, 1180, 1194,1211, 1218, 1265, 1432, 1443; Davis; Magna Charta Sureties 157-1.
Roots: Richard I, "the Fearless," b. Fecamp, ca. 933; named father'sheir 29 May 942. Married first (Danish wife) Gunnor but betrothed ca. 945 and eventually married 960 to Emma. After Emma's death he married (Christian marriage) Gunnor to legitimize their children.
Sureties: Richard I, the Fearless, Duke of Normandy.
Richard "sans Peur," Third Duke of Normandy, 942-996.
The line to the dukes of Normandy comes through Isabel St. Liz, andthe line to Charlemagne comes through her husband, William Mauduit. The linesmerge again with the marriage of Richard I, Duke of Normandy, and Emma,daughter of Hugh "The Grand," who was--in all but name--King of France. His son, Hugh Capet, later assumed the title, and primogeniture began in the Frenchline of kings.
The two lines met again later with the marriage of Adele, daughter ofKing Robert II, and Richard III, Duke of Normandy.
Richard was betrothed to Emma for some time but did not marry heruntil about 960, after the death of her father, Hugh the Great, in 956. Richardwas the guardian of Hugh's son, the Duke of Paris, and eventually marriedEmma to strengthen his position. He did not treat her unkindly, he merely lovedGunnor.
"Poor Emma passed her life at Rouen alone and solitary, and eventuallyshe pined away and died about the year 962," Onslow says.

Davis: Richard I, the Fearless, Duke of Normandy from 942-996.
Norr: Richard I, the Fearless (san Peur), born about 933, 3rd duke.Married (1) Agnes, daughter of Hugh le Grand and had issue. Married (2) Gunora,born about 952, sister of a forester's wife whom Richard desired but whotricked him with her younger sister.
***** Richard I, "the Fearless" (sans Peur), 3rd Duke of Normandy (942/3-996),son of William Longsword and Sprote de Bretagne.

SOURCES:
1. Stuart, Roderick W. _Royalty for Commoners_. 2nd Edition.Baltimore,
MD: Genealogical Publishing Company, Inc., 1992; line 166-33. Onlysays
that he was born about 933. Died 20 Nov 996 at Fecamp. Marriedafter
962, (1) Emma (Agnes), daughter of Hugh le Grand, Count of Paris.
2. Taute, Anne. "Kings and Queens of Great Britain" chart. __Edition.
Gives her date of death as 996.
3. Norr, Vernon M. _Some Early English Pedigrees_, page 60,generation 38.
Gives his death date as 996. This source states that he married(1)
Agnes, daughter of Hugh le Grand; had issue by and later married(2),
after Agnes' death, Gunora, born 952.
4. Ancestral File (AFN:9HMD-VF). Gives his birth date as 28 Aug 933.Death
date agrees with that given in Stuart.
_UID9342BC284EA3B847BC4AF52C91E516C5211A
_UID930C5DC757301346A210FBE7F3BC68025024
Original individual @P2203432613@ (@MS_NHFETTERLYFAMIL0@) merged with @P2447676784@ (@MS_NHFETTERLYFAMIL0@)
Original individual @P2203432613@ (@MS_NHFETTERLYFAMIL0@) merged with @P2447684315@ (@MS_NHFETTERLYFAMIL0@)
Original individual @P2203432613@ (@MS_NHFETTERLYFAMIL0@) merged with @P2308133368@ (@MS_NHFETTERLYFAMIL0@)
Original individual @P2689360837@ (@MS_NHFETTERLYFAMIL0@) merged with @P2689280804@ (@MS_NHFETTERLYFAMIL0@)
Original individual @P2203432613@ (@MS_NHFETTERLYFAMIL0@) merged with @P2689360837@ (@MS_NHFETTERLYFAMIL0@)

_P_CCINFO 1-20792
Original individual @P2203942355@ (@MS_NHFETTERLYFAMIL0@) merged with @P2203942475@ (@MS_NHFETTERLYFAMIL0@)

EVEN:
TYPE Acceded
DATE 942

Richard 1 The Fearless
http://trees.ancestry.com/rd?f=image&guid=0060c11d-2e35-4ad4-9727-71ef0321c4e5&tid=10524335&pid=-606721952

[FAVthomas.FTW]

Byname Richard The Fearless, French Richard Sans Peur duke ofNormandie (942/996), son of William I Longsword.
Louis IV of France took the boy-duke into his protective custody,apparently intent upon
reuniting Normandie to the crown's domains; but in 945 Louis was capturedby the Normans, and Richard was returned to his people. Richard withstoodfurther Carolingian attempts to subdue his duchy and, in 987, wasinstrumental in securing the French crown for his brother-in-law, theRobertian Hugh Capet.

To cite this page: "Richard I" Encyclopædia Britannica
<http://www.britannica.com/eb/article?eu=65173&tocid=0&query=richard%20i%2C%20the%20fearless>

Richard I, byname RICHARD THE FEARLESS, French RICHARD SANS PEUR (b. c.932--d. 996), Duc de Normandie (942-996), son of William I Longsword.

Louis IV of France took the boy-duke into his protective custody,apparently intent upon reuniting Normandie to the crown's domains; but in945 Louis was captured by the Normans, and Richard was returned to hispeople. Richard withstood further Carolingian attempts to subdue hisduchy and, in 987, was instrumental in securing the French crown for hisbrother-in-law, the Robertian Hugh Capet. [Encyclopaedia Britannica CD'97]

Line 3265 from GEDCOM File not recognizable or too long:
NAME Richard I "the Fearless" Duke Of /NORMANDY/

Duke of Normandy from 942 to 996.

Info
http://trees.ancestry.com/rd?f=document&guid=f8d3e9cd-4c87-498e-9a35-4b40fbc2c2bd&tid=9784512&pid=-589803807

_P_CCINFO 1-20792
Original individual @P2203942569@ (@MS_NHFETTERLYFAMIL0@) merged with @P2442109820@ (@MS_NHFETTERLYFAMIL0@)

270px-Richar_fearless_statue_in_falaise
http://trees.ancestry.com/rd?f=image&guid=80dc977d-aeab-4f9d-b708-6f35b96cf138&tid=6959821&pid=-1152611388

Wiki
http://trees.ancestry.com/rd?f=document&guid=b2278e03-d205-4ab3-a555-0b3ae40baa24&tid=12140672&pid=-321159153

Wicapedia
http://trees.ancestry.com/rd?f=document&guid=e968686a-7e25-429b-9b9d-12e0806ab8de&tid=6959821&pid=-1152611388

270px-Richar_fearless_statue_in_falaise
http://trees.ancestry.com/rd?f=image&guid=80dc977d-aeab-4f9d-b708-6f35b96cf138&tid=6959821&pid=-1152611388

Wicapedia
http://trees.ancestry.com/rd?f=document&guid=e968686a-7e25-429b-9b9d-12e0806ab8de&tid=6959821&pid=-1152611388

RICHARD I, DUKE OF NORMANDY
http://trees.ancestry.com/rd?f=document&guid=bf1270e5-d896-49b9-bb5d-010368e3e380&tid=2440653&pid=-1154046824

Line 2103 from GEDCOM File not recognizable or too long:
NAME Richard I "The Fearless" /Normandy/
!RESEARCH NOTES:
1. Even though Richard I did not marry Gonnor until after 962 according to Norman law, he married her according to Danish custom prior to his betrothal to Emma, daughter of Hugh "The Great", Duke of France. Years after his betrothal to Emma (who was only a child at the time), he married her in 960.
!SOURCES:
1. Tab. Souv. Gen., France 22, Tab. 48
2. Dukes of Normandy, France 5, p. 63-94
3. Keiser und Koenig Hist., Gen. Hist. 25, pt 1, p. 100
4. Anderson's Royal Gen., Eng. 132, p. 741

_P_CCINFO 1-20792

Richard the Fearless of Normandy
http://trees.ancestry.com/rd?f=image&guid=7861ef11-d6d1-4004-bed3-2ab94e1094b4&tid=12140672&pid=-321159153

Richard the Fearless #1478
http://trees.ancestry.com/rd?f=document&guid=7bc2ff6e-2bfe-4193-a946-2e0246df253c&tid=12140672&pid=-321159153

Louis IV of France took the boy-duke into his protective custody, apparently intent upon reuniting Normandy to the crown's domains; but in 945 Louis was captured by the Normans, and Richard was returned to his people. Richard withstood further Carolingian attempts to subdue his duchy and, in 987, was instrumental in securing the French crown for his brother-in-law, the Robertian Hugh Capet.

Han ble også herre over Bretagne i 945, men måtte kjempe for sitt land mot Ludvig IV av Frankrike.

Richard was married the first time with Emma, sister of Hugo Capet, but had no children.

Line 2103 from GEDCOM File not recognizable or too long:
NAME Richard I "The Fearless" /Normandy/
!RESEARCH NOTES:
1. Even though Richard I did not marry Gonnor until after 962 according to Norman law, he married her according to Danish custom prior to his betrothal to Emma, daughter of Hugh "The Great", Duke of France. Years after his betrothal toEmma (who was only a child at the time), he married her in 960.
!SOURCES:
1. Tab. Souv. Gen., France 22, Tab. 48
2. Dukes of Normandy, France 5, p. 63-94
3. Keiser und Koenig Hist., Gen. Hist. 25, pt 1, p. 100
4. Anderson's Royal Gen., Eng. 132, p. 741

Alias: Fearless Duke of /Normandy/
Sources: RC 24, 89, 166, 168, 222; Coe; AF; Kings and Queens of Britain;
Norr (pages 46, 60); The Dukes of Normandyby Onslow; Butler; Pfafman;
A. Roots 1-19, 39, 121E; Kraentzler 1153, 1156, 1174, 1176, 1180, 1194,
1211,
1218, 1265, 1432, 1443; Davis; Magna Charta Sureties 157-1.
Roots: Richard I, "the Fearless," b. Fecamp, ca. 933; named father's heir
29 May 942. Married first (Danish wife) Gunnor but betrothed ca. 945 and
eventually married 960 to Emma. After Emma's death he married (Christian
marriage) Gunnor to legitimize their children.
Sureties: Richard I, the Fearless, Duke of Normandy.
Richard "sans Peur," Third Duke of Normandy, 942-996.
The line to the dukes of Normandy comes through Isabel St. Liz, and the
line
to Charlemagne comes through her husband, William Mauduit. The lines merge
again with the marriage of Richard I, Duke of Normandy, and Emma,
daughter of
Hugh "The Grand," who was--in all but name--King of France. His son, Hugh
Capet, later assumed the title, and primogeniture began in the French
line of
kings.
The two lines met again later with the marriage of Adele, daughter of King
Robert II, and Richard III, Duke of Normandy.
Richard was betrothed to Emma for some time but did not marry her until
about 960, after the death of her father, Hugh the Great, in 956. Richard
was
the guardian of Hugh's son, the Duke of Paris, and eventually married
Emma to
strengthen his position. He did not treat her unkindly, he merely loved
Gunnor.
"Poor Emma passed her life at Rouen alone and solitary, and eventually she
pined away and died about the year 962," Onslow says.
Davis: Richard I, the Fearless, Duke of Normandy from 942-996.
Norr: Richard I, the Fearless (san Peur), born about 933, 3rd duke.
Married
(1) Agnes, daughter of Hugh le Grand and had issue. Married (2) Gunora,
born
about 952, sister of a forester's wife whom Richard desired but who
tricked him
with her younger sister

BIOGRAPHY: Richard I "The Fearless" of Normandy 3rd Duke of Normandy (933-996) [Pedigree]
Son of William_I "Longsword" 2nd Duke of Normandy (893-943) and Sprote de Bretagne (911-)

BIOGRAPHY: b. 28 Aug 933
b. ABT 933, Fecamp, France
r. Normandy, France
r. Fecamp, Seine-Inferieure, France
d. 20 Nov 996, Fecamp, France

BIOGRAPHY: Married first Papia

BIOGRAPHY: Children:

BIOGRAPHY: Fredesende of Normandy m. Tancred Seigneur de Hauteville le Guiscard (-1041)
Muriella of Normandy (-1020) m. Tancred Seigneur de Hauteville le Guiscard (-1041)
Married second Unknown Mistress

BIOGRAPHY: Children:

BIOGRAPHY: Papia m. Gulbert de St. Valerie
Married third Emma of Burgundy (943-0968)

BIOGRAPHY: Married fourth Gunnora of Denmark (936-1031)

BIOGRAPHY: Children:

BIOGRAPHY: Richard II "the Good" of Normandy 4th Duke of Normandy (958-1026) m(1) Pope (Papie) (997-)
Hawise of Normandy (-1034) m(2) Geoffrey of_Brittany Duke of Brittany (980-1008)
Robert d' EVEREUX Archbishop of Rouen Count of Evereux (964-1037) m. Herleva
Godfrey de BRUINE Count of Eu and Brionne (953-1015) m. Hawise
Emma of Normandy Princess of Normandy (985-1052) m(1) Ethelred II "the Unready" King of England (-1016)
Mathilda of Normandy (-1017) m(1) Eudes II of Blois Count of Blois and Champagne (-1037)
Beatrix of Normandy (-1035)
William of Eu Count of Eu, Exmia (-1057) m. Lescelin de Turquerville (-1057)
Mauger of Normandy Count of Corbeil
References: [RFC],[GENSERV],[ES],[AR7],[Paget1],[RoyalAAF], [RGD],[PlantagenetA],[ConverseA],[PRES.GED],[Weis1], [CP]

Line 2103 from GEDCOM File not recognizable or too long:
NAME Richard I "The Fearless" /Normandy/

!RESEARCH NOTES:
1. Even though Richard I did not marry Gonnor until after 962 according to Norman law, he married her according to Danish custom prior to his betrothal to Emma, daughter of Hugh "The Great", Duke of France. Years after his betrothal toEmma (who was only a child at the time), he married her in 960.
!SOURCES:
1. Tab. Souv. Gen., France 22, Tab. 48
2. Dukes of Normandy, France 5, p. 63-94
3. Keiser und Koenig Hist., Gen. Hist. 25, pt 1, p. 100
4. Anderson's Royal Gen., Eng. 132, p. 741

!RESEARCH NOTES:
1. Even though Richard I did not marry Gonnor until after 962 according to Norman law, he married her according to Danish custom prior to his betrothal to Emma, daughter of Hugh "The Great", Duke of France. Years after his betrothal toEmma (who was only a child at the time), he married her in 960.

!SOURCES:
1. Tab. Souv. Gen., France 22, Tab. 48
2. Dukes of Normandy, France 5, p. 63-94
3. Keiser und Koenig Hist., Gen. Hist. 25, pt 1, p. 100
4. Anderson's Royal Gen., Eng. 132, p. 741

Richard I Duke of Normandy
http://trees.ancestry.com/rd?f=image&guid=783e358b-607b-4256-9b78-f53d9ffb0d6d&tid=1173601&pid=-1386642429

Richard FitzWilliam, 3rd Duke of Normand became Duke of Normandy in 0942 when his father died. Louis 4 of France seized Normandy from his family, and kept him imprisoned, but later he esacaped, allied himself with Norman and Viking leaders and tookNormandy by 947. He had 3 wives and many mistresses. His 1st wife Gunnora (Gunhilda) de Crepon of Denmark he finally married to legitimise their 9 children. William was one of his many illegitimate children

Richard I
http://trees.ancestry.com/rd?f=document&guid=476e90c6-7a45-40c7-8a34-f230cb169f06&tid=1173601&pid=-1386642429

Richard I Duke of Normandy
http://trees.ancestry.com/rd?f=image&guid=783e358b-607b-4256-9b78-f53d9ffb0d6d&tid=1173601&pid=-1386642429

Richard I
http://trees.ancestry.com/rd?f=document&guid=476e90c6-7a45-40c7-8a34-f230cb169f06&tid=1173601&pid=-1386642429

1 NAME Sans Peur //
2 GIVN Sans Peur
2 SURN
2 NICK Sans Peur

1 NAME Richard I "the Fearless" of /Normandy/ 2 SOUR S033320 3 DATA 4 TEXT Date of Import: Jan 17, 2001 1 BIRT 2 DATE 28 AUG 933 1 BIRT 2 DATE 28 AUG 933 2 PLAC Fecamp, Normandy, France 2 SOUR S033320 3 DATA 4 TEXT Date of Import: Jan 17, 2001 1 DEAT 2 DATE 20 NOV 996 2 PLAC ,Fecamp, Seine-Inferieure, France 2 SOUR S033320 3 DATA 4 TEXT Date of Import: Jan 17, 2001

[De La Pole.FTW]
Sources: RC 24, 89, 166, 168, 222; Coe; AF; Kings and Queens of Britain; Norr (pages 46, 60); The Dukes of Normandy by Onslow; Butler; Pfafman; A. Roots 1-19, 39, 121E; Kraentzler 1153, 1156, 1174, 1176, 1180, 1194, 1211, 1218, 1265, 1432, 1443; Davis; Magna Charta Sureties 157-1. Roots: Richard I, "the Fearless," b. Fecamp, ca. 933; named father's heir 29 May 942. Married first (Danish wife) Gunnor but betrothed ca. 945 and eventually married 960 to Emma. After Emma's death he married (Christian marriage) Gunnor to legitimize their children.
Sureties: Richard I, the Fearless, Duke of Normandy.
Richard "sans Peur," Third Duke of Normandy, 942-996. The line to the dukes of Normandy comes through Isabel St. Liz, and the line to Charlemagne comes through her husband, William Mauduit. The lines merge again with the marriage of Richard I, Duke of Normandy, and Emma, daughter of Hugh "The Grand," who was--in all but name--King of France. His son, Hugh Capet, later assumed the title, and primogeniture began in the French line of kings. The two lines met again later with the marriage of Adele, daughter of King Robert II, and Richard III, Duke of Normandy. Richard was betrothed to Emma for some time but did not marry her until about 960, after the death of her father, Hugh the Great, in 956. Richard was the guardian of Hugh's son, the Duke of Paris, and eventually married Emma to strengthen his position. He did not treat her unkindly, he merely loved Gunnor. "Poor Emma passed her life at Rouen alone and solitary, and eventually she pined away and died about the year 962," Onslow says.
Davis: Richard I, the Fearless, Duke of Normandy from 942-996. Norr: Richard I, the Fearless (san Peur), born about 933, 3rd duke. Married (1) Agnes, daughter of Hugh le Grand and had issue. Married (2) Gunora, born about 952, sister of a forester's wife whom Richard desired but who tricked him with her younger sister. ***** Richard I, "the Fearless" (sans Peur), 3rd Duke of Normandy (942/3-996), son of William Longsword and Sprote de Bretagne.

SOURCES: 1. Stuart, Roderick W. _Royalty for Commoners_. 2nd Edition. Baltimore, MD: Genealogical Publishing Company, Inc., 1992; line 166-33. Only says that he was born about 933. Died 20 Nov 996 at Fecamp. Married after 962, (1) Emma (Agnes), daughter of Hugh le Grand, Count of Paris. 2. Taute, Anne. "Kings and Queens of Great Britain" chart. __ Edition.
Gives her date of death as 996. 3. Norr, Vernon M. _Some Early English Pedigrees_, page 60, generation 38. Gives his death date as 996. This source states that he married (1) Agnes, daughter of Hugh le Grand; had issue by and later married (2),
after Agnes' death, Gunora, born 952. 4. Ancestral File (AFN:9HMD-VF). Gives his birth date as 28 Aug 933. Death
date agrees with that given in Stuart.

Richard I "the Fearless" Normandy
http://trees.ancestry.com/rd?f=image&guid=3b3038b6-869c-44e7-a4f8-311e4835623f&tid=6650027&pid=-1234032514

Richard I of Normandy
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Richard I of Normandy
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Richard I of Normandy
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Richard Duke of Normandy (934-997)
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Line 2103 from GEDCOM File not recognizable or too long:
NAME Richard I "The Fearless" /Normandy/
!RESEARCH NOTES:
1. Even though Richard I did not marry Gonnor until after 962 according to Norman law, he married her according to Danish custom prior to his betrothal to Emma, daughter of Hugh "The Great", Duke of France. Years after his betrothal toEmma (who was only a child at the time), he married her in 960.
!SOURCES:
1. Tab. Souv. Gen., France 22, Tab. 48
2. Dukes of Normandy, France 5, p. 63-94
3. Keiser und Koenig Hist., Gen. Hist. 25, pt 1, p. 100
4. Anderson's Royal Gen., Eng. 132, p. 741

450px-Richar_fearless_statue_in_falaise
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Richard the Fearless
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1 NAME Sans Peur //
2 GIVN Sans Peur
2 SURN
2 NICK Sans Peur

1 NAME Richard I "the Fearless" of /Normandy/ 2 SOUR S033320 3 DATA 4 TEXT Date of Import: Jan 17, 2001 1 BIRT 2 DATE 28 AUG 933 1 BIRT 2 DATE 28 AUG 933 2 PLAC Fecamp, Normandy, France 2 SOUR S033320 3 DATA 4 TEXT Date of Import: Jan 17, 2001 1 DEAT 2 DATE 20 NOV 996 2 PLAC ,Fecamp, Seine-Inferieure, France 2 SOUR S033320 3 DATA 4 TEXT Date of Import: Jan 17, 2001

[De La Pole.FTW]
Sources: RC 24, 89, 166, 168, 222; Coe; AF; Kings and Queens of Britain; Norr (pages 46, 60); The Dukes of Normandy by Onslow; Butler; Pfafman; A. Roots 1-19, 39, 121E; Kraentzler 1153, 1156, 1174, 1176, 1180, 1194, 1211, 1218, 1265, 1432, 1443; Davis; Magna Charta Sureties 157-1. Roots: Richard I, "the Fearless," b. Fecamp, ca. 933; named father's heir 29 May 942. Married first (Danish wife) Gunnor but betrothed ca. 945 and eventually married 960 to Emma. After Emma's death he married (Christian marriage) Gunnor to legitimize their children.
Sureties: Richard I, the Fearless, Duke of Normandy.
Richard "sans Peur," Third Duke of Normandy, 942-996. The line to the dukes of Normandy comes through Isabel St. Liz, and the line to Charlemagne comes through her husband, William Mauduit. The lines merge again with the marriage of Richard I, Duke of Normandy, and Emma, daughter of Hugh "The Grand," who was--in all but name--King of France. His son, Hugh Capet, later assumed the title, and primogeniture began in the French line of kings. The two lines met again later with the marriage of Adele, daughter of King Robert II, and Richard III, Duke of Normandy. Richard was betrothed to Emma for some time but did not marry her until about 960, after the death of her father, Hugh the Great, in 956. Richard was the guardian of Hugh's son, the Duke of Paris, and eventually married Emma to strengthen his position. He did not treat her unkindly, he merely loved Gunnor. "Poor Emma passed her life at Rouen alone and solitary, and eventually she pined away and died about the year 962," Onslow says.
Davis: Richard I, the Fearless, Duke of Normandy from 942-996. Norr: Richard I, the Fearless (san Peur), born about 933, 3rd duke. Married (1) Agnes, daughter of Hugh le Grand and had issue. Married (2) Gunora, born about 952, sister of a forester's wife whom Richard desired but who tricked him with her younger sister. ***** Richard I, "the Fearless" (sans Peur), 3rd Duke of Normandy (942/3-996), son of William Longsword and Sprote de Bretagne.

SOURCES: 1. Stuart, Roderick W. _Royalty for Commoners_. 2nd Edition. Baltimore, MD: Genealogical Publishing Company, Inc., 1992; line 166-33. Only says that he was born about 933. Died 20 Nov 996 at Fecamp. Married after 962, (1) Emma (Agnes), daughter of Hugh le Grand, Count of Paris. 2. Taute, Anne. "Kings and Queens of Great Britain" chart. __ Edition.
Gives her date of death as 996. 3. Norr, Vernon M. _Some Early English Pedigrees_, page 60, generation 38. Gives his death date as 996. This source states that he married (1) Agnes, daughter of Hugh le Grand; had issue by and later married (2),
after Agnes' death, Gunora, born 952. 4. Ancestral File (AFN:9HMD-VF). Gives his birth date as 28 Aug 933. Death
date agrees with that given in Stuart.

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Timeline Richard "Richard The Fearl..." FitzWilliam

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Ancestors (and descendant) of Richard FitzWilliam

Rollo Ragnvaldsson
± 860-930

Poppa de Bayeux
± 872-930

Héribert I de Vermandois
± 848-902

William FitzRobert
± 891-± 942

Sprota de Senlis ?
911-940

Richard FitzWilliam
933-996

(1) 962

Gunnor
936-1031



Richard FitzRichard 963-1026	Robert 964-1037	Mauger ± 963-1040	Beatrice de Normandie ± 987-1035	Hawise de Normandie ± 978-1034	Emma iš Normandijos 985-1016

(2) ± 1000

Unknown mother of Guillaume Richard's Concubine Normandie
± 935-1017



					William of Normandy 980-1057

(3) 953

Concubine of Normandie
????-± 1033



					Geoffrey FitzRichard 962-1015

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Historical events

Christening day September 7, 1909

Christening day September 7, 1909

The temperature on September 7, 1909 was between 10.7 °C and 17.0 °C and averaged 13.1 °C. There was 5.3 mm of rain. There was 7.1 hours of sunshine (54%). The average windspeed was 4 Bft (moderate breeze) and was prevailing from the south-southwest. Source: KNMI
Koningin Wilhelmina (Huis van Oranje-Nassau) was from 1890 till 1948 sovereign of the Netherlands (also known as Koninkrijk der Nederlanden)
In The Netherlands , there was from February 12, 1908 to August 29, 1913 the cabinet Heemskerk, with Mr. Th. Heemskerk (AR) as prime minister.
In the year 1909: Source: Wikipedia
- The Netherlands had about 5.8 million citizens.
- January 16 » Ernest Shackleton's expedition finds the magnetic South Pole.
- January 23 » RMSRepublic, a passenger ship of the White Star Line, becomes the first ship to use the CQD distress signal after colliding with another ship, the SS Florida, off the Massachusetts coastline, an event that kills six people. The Republic sinks the next day.
- March 23 » Theodore Roosevelt leaves New York for a post-presidency safari in Africa. The trip is sponsored by the Smithsonian Institution and National Geographic Society.
- March 31 » Serbia formally withdraws its opposition to Austro-Hungarian actions in the Bosnian Crisis.
- July 16 » Persian Constitutional Revolution: Mohammad Ali Shah Qajar is forced out as Shah of Persia and is replaced by his son Ahmad Shah Qajar.
- August 30 » Burgess Shale fossils are discovered by Charles Doolittle Walcott.

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Christening day September 7, 1909

About the surname FitzWilliam

'the Fearless'
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