Genealogy Wylie » Louis I Grand Duke of (Louis I, Grand Duke of) Hesse [[32ggchCh-Wikibio]] (1753-1830)

Personal data Louis I Grand Duke of (Louis I, Grand Duke of) Hesse [[32ggchCh-Wikibio]] 


Household of Louis I Grand Duke of (Louis I, Grand Duke of) Hesse [[32ggchCh-Wikibio]]

Waarschuwing Attention: Wife (Louise Princess of Hesse-Darmstadt) is also his cousin.

He is married to Louise Princess of Hesse-Darmstadt.

They got married on February 19, 1777 at Darmstadt, he was 23 years old.


Child(ren):



Notes about Louis I Grand Duke of (Louis I, Grand Duke of) Hesse [[32ggchCh-Wikibio]]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_I,_Grand_Duke_of_Hesse

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Louis I, Grand Duke of Hesse

Chapters live links in original wikibio at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_I,_Grand_Duke_of_Hesse
Early life
Marriage
Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt
Grand duke of Hesse
Marriage and family
Ancestry
References
Bibliography
External links
Chapters live links in original wikibio at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_I,_Grand_Duke_of_Hesse

Louis I, Grand Duke of Hesse
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Louis I
Ludwik I, Wielki Książę Hesji-Darmstadt.JPG
Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine
Reign14 August 1806 – 6 April 1830
SuccessorLouis II
Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt
Reign6 April 1790 – 14 August 1806
PredecessorLouis IX
Born14 June 1753
Prenzlau, Brandenburg
Died6 April 1830 (aged 76)
Darmstadt, Hesse
SpousePrincess Louise of Hesse-Darmstadt
IssueGrand Duke Louis II
Princess Louise
Prince George
Prince Frederick
Prince Emil
Prince Gustav
HouseHesse-Darmstadt
FatherLouis IX, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt
MotherCountess Palatine Caroline of Zweibrücken
Grand Ducal Family of
Hesse and by Rhine
Wappen-HD (1902-1918).svg
Louis I
Children
Louis II
Louise, Princess Louis of Anhalt-Köthen
Prince Georg
Prince Friedrich
Prince Emil
Prince Gustav
vte
Louis I, Grand Duke of Hesse (14 June 1753 in Prenzlau – 6 April 1830 in Darmstadt) was Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt (as Louis X) and later the first Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine.

Louis was the son of Louis IX, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt, and succeeded his father in 1790. He presided over a significant increase in territory for Hesse-Darmstadt during the imperial reorganizations of 1801–1803, most notably the Duchy of Westphalia, hitherto subject to the Archbishop of Cologne. Allied to Napoleon I of France, Louis in 1806 was elevated to the title of a Grand Duke of Hesse and joined the Confederation of the Rhine, leading to the dissolution of the Empire. At the Congress of Vienna in 1814/15, Louis had to give up his Westphalian territories, but was compensated with the district of Rheinhessen on the left bank of the Rhine. Because of this addition, he amended his title to Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine.

Early life

Louis as hereditary prince of Hesse-Darmstadt (1769).
Louis was born on 14 June 1753 as the third child and eldest son of the later Landgrave Louis IX of Hessen-Darmstadt, and his spouse Countess Palatine Caroline of Zweibrücken, a daughter of Christian III, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken. He was born in the town of Prenzlau in Brandenburg, where his father, who was in Prussian military service, was stationed. The children grew up with the mother in the town of Buchsweiler, which had previously been the residence of the Counts of Hanau-Lichtenberg, while the father stayed mainly in the town of Pirmasens to attend his military career.[1] In 1766, when Louis was 13, his mother's court moved from Buchsweiler to Darmstadt.[2] At the death of his grandfather on 17 October 1768, his father succeeded as landgrave, and Louis himself became heir to the landgraviate with the title of hereditary prince.

Ludwig studied at the University of Leiden from 1769 and subsequently undertook his Grand Tour to London and Paris. In France he met, among others, the French philosophers Jean le Rond d'Alembert and Denis Diderot, who were some of the prominent figures of the Age of Enlightenment, and editors of the first modern encyclopedia. In 1773 he traveled with the German-born French writer and critic Friedrich Melchior Grimm to the court of Frederik the Great in Prussia, where his sister Frederica Louisa was married to the heir presumptive Frederick William. Finally, he traveled on to Russia, where in 1773 he attended the wedding of his second sister Wilhelmina Louisa in St. Petersburg to the heir to the Russian throne, Grand Duke Paul.[1][2] As a Russian general Ludwig fought in 1774 in the Russo-Turkish War, and the same year he became freemason in the lodge "To the crowned flag "in Moscow.[3]

Marriage

Landgravinde Louise with her three eldest children, c. 1792.
In 1776, he became engaged to Sophie Dorothea of Württemberg, eldest daughter of Frederick II Eugene, Duke of Württemberg. The engagement was broken off so that Sophia Dorothea could marry Louis's recently widowed brother-in-law Tsarevich Paul Petrovich, son and heir of Catherine II "the Great", Empress of Russia. He received a monetary compensation when the engagement was broken.

After this humiliating incident, Louis spent the summer at his sister Louise's court in the Duchy of Saxe-Weimar, where he associated with Johann Wolfgang von Goethe. Even after the stay, Louis was in correspondence with the Weimar court and Goethe, and also with Friedrich von Schiller. Louis married his cousin Princess Louise of Hesse-Darmstadt, daughter of his uncle Prince George William of Hesse-Darmstadt, on 19 February 1777 in Darmstadt.[4] The couple lived alternately in Darmstadt and in Fürstenlager Auerbach. They had six children.

Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt
Louis succeeded as Landgrave of Hessen-Darmstadt on the death of his father in 1790. He presided over a significant increase in territory for Hesse-Darmstadt during the imperial reorganizations of 1801–1803, most notably the Duchy of Westphalia, hitherto subject to the Archbishop of Cologne.

Grand duke of Hesse

Kronenthaler of Louis, Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine, 1825.
Allied to Napoleon I of France, Louis was elevated to the title of a Grand Duke of Hesse in 1806 and joined the Confederation of the Rhine, leading to the dissolution of the Empire. At the Congress of Vienna in 1814/15, Louis had to give up his Westphalian territories, but was compensated with the district of Rheinhessen, with his capital Mainz on the left bank of the Rhine. Because of this addition, he amended his title to Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine.

The Ludwigsmonument [de] in Darmstadt
Grand Duke Louis I died at the age of 76 on 6 April 1830 in his capital Darmstadt. He was succeeded as Grand Duke by his eldest son Louis II.

In 1844, a 33-meter column called Langer Ludwig (meaning Long Louis), was set up in his commemoration in the middle of the Luisenplatz, the largest square of Darmstadt.

Marriage and family
On 19 February 1777, Louis married his first cousin, Princess Louise of Hesse-Darmstadt ( 15 February 1761 – 24 October 1829), a daughter of Prince George William of Hesse-Darmstadt. Together, they had eight children:

Louis, later Grand Duke Louis II of Hesse (26 December 1777 - 16 June 1848). Married his double first cousin Wilhelmine of Baden and had issue.
Louise (16 January 1779 - 18 April 1811). Married Louis of Anhalt-Köthen and had issue.
Ludwig Georg Karl Friedrich (31 August 1780 - 17 April 1856). Married, morganatically, Caroline Török de Szendrö and had issue.
Friedrich August Karl (14 May 1788 - 16 March 1867)
Stillborn twin daughters (11 May 1789).
Emil (3 September 1790 - 30 April 1856)
Ferdinand Gustav Wilhelm Friedrich (18 December 1791 - 30 January 1806)
Ancestry
Ancestors of Louis I, Grand Duke of Hesse[5]
8. Ernest Louis, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt
4. Louis VIII, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt
9. Princess Dorothea Charlotte of Brandenburg-Ansbach
2. Louis IX, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt
10. Johann Reinhard III, Count of Hanau-Lichtenberg
5. Countess Charlotte of Hanau-Lichtenberg
11. Princess Dorothea Friederike of Brandenburg-Ansbach
1. Louis I, Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine
12. Christian II, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld
6. Christian III, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken
13. Countess Katharina Agathe of Rappoltstein
3. Countess Palatine Caroline of Zweibrücken
14. Louis Crato, Count of Nassau-Saarbrücken
7. Countess Caroline of Nassau-Saarbrücken
15. Countess Philippine Henriette of Hohenlohe-Langenburg
References
Eckhart 1987, p. 395.
Walther 1884, p. 551.
Bröcker, Carl (1894). "Die Freimaurer-Logen Deutschlands von 1737 bis einschliesslich 1893" (in German). Berlin: 92.
Walther 1884, p. 552.
Genealogie ascendante jusqu'au quatrieme degre inclusivement de tous les Rois et Princes de maisons souveraines de l'Europe actuellement vivans [Genealogy up to the fourth degree inclusive of all the Kings and Princes of sovereign houses of Europe currently living] (in French). Bourdeaux: Frederic Guillaume Birnstiel. 1768. p. 69.
Bibliography
Eckhart G. Franz (1987), "Ludwig I., (eigentlich Ludewig)", Neue Deutsche Biographie (in German), vol. 15, Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, pp. 395–396; (full text online)
Walther, Philip [in German] (1884), "Ludwig I. (Großherzog von Hessen und bei Rhein)", Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB) (in German), vol. 19, Leipzig: Duncker & Humblot, pp. 551–557
External links
Louis I, Grand Duke of Hesse
House of Hesse-Darmstadt
Cadet branch of the House of Hesse
Born: 14 June 1753 Died: 6 April 1830
Regnal titles
Preceded by
Louis IX
Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt
1790–1806Title abolished
New titleGrand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine
1806–1830Succeeded by
Louis II

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Louis I, Grand Duke of Hesse.
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Order of the Illuminati
==================
Categories live links at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_I,_Grand_Duke_of_Hesse+
1753 births
1830 deaths
People from Prenzlau
House of Hesse-Darmstadt
Grand Dukes of Hesse
Landgraves of Hesse-Darmstadt
Burials at the Mausoleum for the Grand Ducal House of Hesse, Rosenhöhe (Darmstadt)
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Timeline Louis I Grand Duke of (Louis I, Grand Duke of) Hesse [[32ggchCh-Wikibio]]

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Ancestors (and descendant) of Louis I Grand Duke of Hesse


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Historical events

Birthday June 14, 1753

Day of marriage February 19, 1777

  • The temperature on February 19, 1777 was about 1.0 °C. Wind direction mainly south. Weather type: omtrent helder. Source: KNMI
  • Erfstadhouder Prins Willem V (Willem Batavus) (Huis van Oranje-Nassau) was from 1751 till 1795 sovereign of the Netherlands (also known as Republiek der Zeven Verenigde Nederlanden)
  • In the year 1777: Source: Wikipedia
    • June 13 » American Revolutionary War: Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette lands near Charleston, South Carolina, in order to help the Continental Congress to train its army.
    • July 6 » American Revolutionary War: Siege of Fort Ticonderoga: After a bombardment by British artillery under General John Burgoyne, American forces retreat from Fort Ticonderoga, New York.
    • July 7 » American forces retreating from Fort Ticonderoga are defeated in the Battle of Hubbardton.
    • September 26 » American Revolution: British troops occupy Philadelphia.
    • October 22 » American Revolutionary War: American defenders of Fort Mercer on the Delaware River repulse repeated Hessian attacks in the Battle of Red Bank.
    • November 17 » Articles of Confederation (United States) are submitted to the states for ratification.

Day of death April 6, 1830

  • The temperature on April 6, 1830 was about 8.0 °C. Wind direction mainly southwest. Weather type: omtrent betrokken winderig. Source: KNMI
  •  This page is only available in Dutch.
    De Republiek der Verenigde Nederlanden werd in 1794-1795 door de Fransen veroverd onder leiding van bevelhebber Charles Pichegru (geholpen door de Nederlander Herman Willem Daendels); de verovering werd vergemakkelijkt door het dichtvriezen van de Waterlinie; Willem V moest op 18 januari 1795 uitwijken naar Engeland (en van daaruit in 1801 naar Duitsland); de patriotten namen de macht over van de aristocratische regenten en proclameerden de Bataafsche Republiek; op 16 mei 1795 werd het Haags Verdrag gesloten, waarmee ons land een vazalstaat werd van Frankrijk; in 3.1796 kwam er een Nationale Vergadering; in 1798 pleegde Daendels een staatsgreep, die de unitarissen aan de macht bracht; er kwam een nieuwe grondwet, die een Vertegenwoordigend Lichaam (met een Eerste en Tweede Kamer) instelde en als regering een Directoire; in 1799 sloeg Daendels bij Castricum een Brits-Russische invasie af; in 1801 kwam er een nieuwe grondwet; bij de Vrede van Amiens (1802) kreeg ons land van Engeland zijn koloniën terug (behalve Ceylon); na de grondwetswijziging van 1805 kwam er een raadpensionaris als eenhoofdig gezag, namelijk Rutger Jan Schimmelpenninck (van 31 oktober 1761 tot 25 maart 1825).
  • In the year 1830: Source: Wikipedia
    • The Netherlands had about 2.6 million citizens.
    • February 3 » The London Protocol of 1830 establishes the full independence and sovereignty of Greece from the Ottoman Empire as the final result of the Greek War of Independence.
    • March 10 » The Royal Netherlands East Indies Army is created.
    • June 12 » Beginning of the Invasion of Algiers: Thiry-four thousand French soldiers land 27 kilometers west of Algiers, at Sidi Ferruch.
    • June 14 » Beginning of the French colonization of Algeria: Thirty-four thousand French soldiers begin their invasion of Algiers, landing 27 kilometers west at Sidi Fredj.
    • August 25 » The Belgian Revolution begins.
    • September 15 » The Liverpool to Manchester railway line opens; British MP William Huskisson becomes the first widely reported railway passenger fatality when he is struck and killed by the locomotive Rocket.


Same birth/death day

Source: Wikipedia

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