May 25 » Ming general Wu Sangui forms an alliance with the invading Manchus and opens the gates of the Great Wall of China at Shanhaiguan pass, letting the Manchus through towards the capital Beijing.
May 27 » Manchu regent Dorgon defeats rebel leader Li Zicheng of the Shun dynasty at the Battle of Shanhai Pass, allowing the Manchus to enter and conquer the capital city of Beijing.
June 5 » The Qing dynasty Manchu forces led by the Shunzhi Emperor take Beijing during the collapse of the Ming dynasty.
July 2 » English Civil War: Battle of Marston Moor.
September 1 » Battle of Tippermuir: James Graham, 1st Marquess of Montrose defeats the Earl of Wemyss's Covenanters, reviving the Royalist cause.
November 23 » John Milton publishes Areopagitica, a pamphlet decrying censorship.
February 2 » Scotland in the Wars of the Three Kingdoms: Battle of Inverlochy.
July 2 » Battle of Alford: Wars of the Three Kingdoms.
July 21 » Qing dynasty regent Dorgon issues an edict ordering all Han Chinese men to shave their forehead and braid the rest of their hair into a queue identical to those of the Manchus.
August 3 » Thirty Years' War: The Second Battle of Nördlingen sees French forces defeating those of the Holy Roman Empire.
September 24 » The Battle of Rowton Heath is a Parliamentarian victory over a Royalist army commanded in person by King Charles.
October 8 » Jeanne Mance open the first lay hospital in North America.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Philippe Kuttler, "Généalogie Famille Kuttler", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/genealogie-famille-kuttler/I32322.php : accessed June 4, 2024), "Charlotte Louise d'ORLEANS de LONGUEVILLE,Mademoiselle de Dunois (1644-1645)".
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