Fox and Anderson and Taylor families in USA » King Edward Plantagenet York IV (1442-1483)

Sources

1. Book, Platagenet Encyclopedia, Elizabeth Hallam (ed.), Crescent Books, New York, 1996. ISBN 0-517-14081-0., 1996

   Son of Richard, 3rd duke of York, and Cicely Nevilla. 7th earl of Cambridge (1460-61); 4th duke of York (1460-61); king of England (1461-83). During the 1450s, as Henry VI became increasingly ineffective as king, Edward's father Richard, a descendant of Edward III, began to prosecute the Yorkist claim to the throne. Defeated by the Lancastrians at Ludlow in 1459, Richard and Edward fled to Ireland. They returned the following year, however, and parliament acknowledged Richard as Henry's heir; but in renewed fighting between the Yorkists and Lancastrians, Richard 2as killed at Wakefield. Edward struck back, defeated a Lancastrian force at Mortimer's Cross in February 1461 and was acclaimed as king in London. He then won a decisive victory over the Lancastrians at Towton in March and was crowned at Westminster later in the year.
   
   In 1470, Edward lost the throne when Richard Neville, 16th earl of Warwick, 'the Kingmaker', returned from exile in France and proclaimed Henry VI king again. Edward fled to the Low Countries but returned the following year and defeated his adversaries. For the rest of his reign he allowed some of the great nobles, such as his brother Richard, 3rd duke of Gloucester, to build up major power bases in the provinces, in return for their support. This gave them a dangerous and unprecendented independence. However, in the later years of his reighn, his advisers began to restore law and order and to revitalize the royal administration.
   
   A patron of learning and the arts and a builder of magnificent churches, Edward also had a taste for luxury and a life of pleasure. In 1464 he married Elizabeth Woodville, thus vexing his councillors, since she was a widow and not of noble blood. He also had several mistresses. After a son (the future Edward V), one of ten children, was born to Edward and Elizabeth in 1470, the Yorkist dynasty's future seemed secure. However, Edward's borhter, George, 3rd duke of Clarence, intrigued against the king and Edward had him judicially murdered in 1478. In addition, there was intense rivalry between the future Richard III and the Woodvilles. When Edward died he left a troubled legacy behind him.

2. 1.MyHeritage.com, via https://www.myheritage.com/site-family-t...

   Biography
   
   Edward's titles included the Earl of March, Duke of York, and King of England from 1461 to 1483.
   
   Origins
   
   Edward was born on April 28th in Rouen in Normandy. His father was Richard Duke of York, the great-grandson of Edward III. In 1447 Richard's chance of becoming the next king of England increased when Henry's IV uncle, the Duke of Gloucester died without any heirs. Henry IV was the last surviving male heir in the direct line of Lancaster and if he also died without a male heir, Richard would be the next in line in the line of male heirs. There was a nearer male heir, Henry Holland, but he was a decendant from Elizabeth a daughter of John of Gaunt. Another claimant to the throne was Edmund Beaufort, the Duke of Somerset who was the grandson of John of Gaunt and his mistress Catherine Swynford, but Parliament passed a law to prevent a Beaufort becoming king. It is possible that Richard's (Edward IV's father) claim to the thone was better than the current king (Henry VI) if the royal line could pass via a female. This is because Richard's mother (Anne) was the great-granddaughter of Lionel, the second son of Edward III, where as Henry VI was decended from John of Gaunt, the third son of Edward III. (It is best to look at a family tree at this point from Edward III to see what's going on.) Richard was acting as Henry VI's lieutenant-general in France at the time.
   

3. WikiTree, via https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/York-1217...

   Death of Richard, Duke of York and Norfolk (son of Edward Plantagenet York, IV)
   (Royal Tombs of Medieval England) King Edward IV died on 9 April 1483. Later that month the Privy Council announced that his eldest son, Edward would be crowned on 4 May. On 10 May the coronation was delayed until 24 June. Edward was confined to the Tower of London, and on 16 June he was joined by his brother Richard, Duke of York (b.1472). On 6 July Richard, Duke of Gloucester was crowned king. Richard's first parliament declared the princes illegitimate on the grounds of a pre-contract between Edward IV and Lady Eleanor Butler, daughter of Ralph Butler, Lord Sedley.
   
   As early as July1483 it was rumored that the princes had been murdered and secretly buried in the Tower, an account later repeated by Edmund Hall. Weever claimed that Richard III had their bodies exhumed and thrown into the Thames in holed coffins. Counter-rumors that one or both of the princes had survived persisted into the 1490s, prompting a series of pretenders. In 1674 workmen digging near a staircase leading to a chapel in the White Tower found a wooden chest containing two skeletons. The remains were thought to be those of the princes, even though other skeletons had been unearthed at the Tower. Four years later the remains were installed in Westminster Abbey in the north aisle of Henry VII's Chapel, housed in a marble urn designed by Christopher Wren. The sarcophagus stands today at the east end of the north aisle. The conclusions reach about the bones found in the seventeenth century have since been contested, and have never been satisfactorily resolved.

   http://www.wikitree.com
   

Historical events

• Birthday April 28, 1442
• Day of marriage May 1, 1464
• Day of death April 9, 1483

Same birth/death day

• Also born on April 28
• Also died on April 9

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