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Persoonlijke gegevens Mariamne I Maccabaea van Judea 

• (Geschiedenis) .Bron 1

  Mariamne (54 v.Chr. - 29 v.Chr.) - haar naam wordt ook wel gespeld als Mariamme - was een prinses uit het Joodse koningsgeslacht van de Hasmoneeën en de vrouw van Herodes I. De Joden uit haar tijd zullen haar ongetwijfeld gekend hebben onder haar Hebreeuwse naam Mirjam (een populaire naam in die tijd), maar zij wordt gewoonlijk met haar Griekse naam aangeduid omdat we haar kennen via de in het Grieks geschreven werken van Flavius Josephus.
  
  Mariamne en haar broer Aristobulus III kwamen voort uit een huwelijk tussen Alexander, de zoon van Aristobulus II en Alexandra, de dochter van Hyrcanus II. Aristobulus II en Hyrcanus II waren broers, geboren uit een huwelijk tussen Alexander Janneüs en Salome Alexandra. Daarmee was Mariamne dus zowel via haar vader als via haar moeder een zuivere Hasmoneese.
  Huwelijk
  
  In 37 v.Chr. neemt Herodes I Mariamne tot vrouw. Dit is hetzelfde jaar waarin Herodes, na het neerslaan van de opstand van Antigonus, door de Senaat in Rome tot koning wordt aangesteld over het Joodse land. Voor veel Joden stond de legitimiteit van Herodes' heerschappij ter discussie. Hij kwam immers niet voort uit het koningsgeslacht van de Hasmoneeën en was bovendien een Idumeeër en daarmee niet van Joodse komaf (Josephus noemt hem een half-Jood [hemiioudaios]). Door zijn huwelijk met de Hasmoneese prinses Mariamne probeerde Herodes zijn regering voor Joden meer acceptabel te maken. Mariamne was de tweede vrouw van Herodes de Grote. Later huwde hij ook nog verschillende andere vrouwen, waarvan er één eveneens de naam Mariamne droeg (de dochter van de hogepriester Simon ben Boëthus). Volgens Josephus koesterde Herodes echter voor geen van zijn andere vrouwen zo'n grote liefde als voor Mariamne. De liefde was echter niet wederzijds. Herodes had namelijk Mariamnes vader en haar broer vermoord (uit angst voor een staatsgreep) en Mariamne vergaf hem dat niet.
  Dood
  
  Vanwege Herodes' impopulariteit onder zijn onderdanen, was hij constant op zijn hoede voor complotten. Bovendien was er binnen Herodes' familie een grote rivaliteit tussen de Idumeese tak (waarvan Herodes' moeder en zijn zuster Salomé de belangrijkste vertegenwoordigers waren) en de Joods-Hasmoneese tak. Toen Mariamne op zekere dag weigerde met Herodes te slapen en Herodes zich hierover zeer beledigd voelde, wist Salomé listig op de situatie in te spelen en beschuldigde zij Mariamne ervan een complot tegen Herodes te beramen. In een schijnproces, waarin naast Salomé's beschuldigingen geen bewijzen voor het complot naar voren konden worden gebracht, werd Mariamne op last van Herodes ter dood gebracht (29 v.Chr.). Zij was toen vermoedelijk ongeveer 25 jaar oud. Al meteen na de dood van Mariamne had Herodes er spijt van dat hij zo overhaast te werk was gegaan. Volgens Josephus heeft hij de rest van zijn leven om Mariamne gerouwd. Enkele jaren na de dood van Mariamne bouwde Herodes in Jeruzalem een toren die hij haar naam gaf, als een postuum eerbewijs. Deze toren maakte deel uit van de verdedigingswerken van de stad en was gelegen naast de toren Phasaël.
  Nakomelingen
  
  Herodes en Mariamne kregen twee zonen, Alexander en Aristobulus, en twee dochters, Salampsio and Cyprus. Alexander en Aristobulus werden zelf ook door Herodes ter dood gebracht omdat hij hen verdacht van complotten tegen hem. Aristobulus' zoon Herodes Agrippa I zou later echter een belangrijke rol spelen binnen de Herodiaanse dynastie.
  Herodes en Mariamne in de kunst
  
  De perikelen tussen Herodes en Mariamne hebben ook in de kunst hun sporen nagelaten, bijvoorbeeld in opera's en treurspelen, zoals die van Tristan l'Hermite (1636, Nederlandse vertaling en bewerking 1684 door Katharina Lescailje) en Friedrich Hebbel (1849). In een gedicht van Nicolaas Beets rouwt Herodes over Mariamnes dood. Verder vormde Mariamne de inspiratiebron voor een schilderij van John William Waterhouse

• (Levens event) .Bron 2

  Mariamne I, also called Mariamne the Hasmonean (died 29 BCE) was the second wife of Herod the Great. She was known for her great beauty, as was her brother Aristobulus. Ultimately this was the main reason for the downfall of the Hasmonean dynasty of Judea.
  
  Her name is spelled ?a???µ? (Mariame) by Josephus, but in some editions of his work the second m is doubled (Mariamme). In later copies of those editions the spelling was dissimilated to its now most common form, Mariamne. In Hebrew, Mariamne is known as ???????, (Miriam), as in the traditional, Biblical name (see Miriam, the sister of Moses and Aaron).
  
  Mariamne was the daughter of the Hasmonean Alexandros, and thus one of the last heirs to the Hasmonean dynasty of Judea.[1] Mariamne's only sibling was Aristobulus III of Judea. Her father, Alexander of Judaea, the son of Aristobulus II, married his cousin Alexandra, daughter of his uncle Hyrcanus II, in order to cement the line of inheritance from Hyrcanus and Aristobulus, but the inheritance soon continued the blood feud of previous generations, and eventually led to the downfall of the Hasmonean line. By virtue of her parents' union, Mariamne claimed Hasmonean royalty on both sides of her family lineage.
  
  Her mother, Alexandra, arranged for her betrothal to Herod in 41 BCE. The two were wed four years later in Samaria. Mariamne bore Herod four children: two sons, Alexandros and Aristobulus (both executed in 7 BCE), and two daughters, Salampsio and Cypros.
  
  Josephus writes that it was because of Mariamne's vehement insistence that Herod made her brother Aristobulos a High Priest. Aristobulos, who was not even eighteen years old, drowned within a year of his appointment; Alexandra, his mother, blamed Herod. Alexandra wrote to Cleopatra, begging her assistance in avenging the boy's murder. Cleopatra in turn urged Marc Antony to punish Herod for the crime, and Antony sent for him to make his defense. Herod left his young wife in the care of his uncle Joseph, along with the instructions that if Antony should kill him, Joseph should kill Mariamne. Herod believed his wife to be so beautiful that she would become engaged to another man after his death and that his great love for Mariamne prevented him from enduring a separation from her, even in death. Joseph became familiar with the queen and eventually divulged this information to her and the other women of the household, which did not have the hoped-for effect of proving Herod's devotion to his wife. Rumors soon circulated that Herod had been killed by Antony, and Alexandra persuaded Joseph to take Mariamne and her to the Roman legions for protection. However, Herod was released by Antony and returned home, only to be informed of Alexandra's plan by his mother and sister, Salome. Salome also accused Mariamne of committing adultery with Joseph, a charge which Herod initially dismissed after discussing it with his wife. After Herod forgave her, Mariamne inquired about the order given to Joseph to kill her should Herod be killed, and Herod then became convinced of her infidelity, saying that Joseph would only have confided that to her were the two of them intimate. He gave orders for Joseph to be executed and for Alexandra to be confined, but Herod did not punish his wife.
  
  Because of this conflict between Mariamne and Salome, when Herod visited Augustus in Rhodes, he separated the women. He left his sister and his sons in Masada while he moved his wife and mother-in-law to Alexandrium. Again, Herod left instructions that should he die, the charge of the government was to be left to Salome and his sons, and Mariamne and her mother were to be killed. Mariamne and Alexandra were left in the charge of another man named Sohemus, and after gaining his trust again learned of the instructions Herod provided should harm befall him. Mariamne became convinced that Herod did not truly love her and resented that he would not let her survive him. When Herod returned home, Mariamne treated him coldly and did not conceal her hatred for him. Salome and her mother preyed on this opportunity, feeding Herod false information to fuel his dislike. Herod still favored her; but she refused to have sexual relations with him and accused him of killing her grandfather, Hyrcanus II, and her brother. Salome insinuated that Mariamne planned to poison Herod, and Herod had Mariamne's favorite eunuch tortured to learn more. The eunuch knew nothing of a plot to poison the king, but confessed the only thing he did know: that Mariamne was dissatisfied with the king because of the orders given to Sohemus. Outraged, Herod called for the immediate execution of Sohemus, but permitted Mariamne to stand trial for the alleged murder plot. To gain favor with Herod, Mariamne's mother even implied Mariamne was plotting to commit lèse majesté. Mariamne was ultimately convicted and executed in 29 BCE. Herod grieved for her for many months.
  
  There is a Talmudic legend concerning the marriage and death of Mariamne, although her name is not mentioned. It is to the effect that when the whole house of the Hasmoneans had been rooted out, she threw herself from the roof and was killed.[2] Out of love for her, Herod is said to have kept her body preserved in honey for seven years.[3] In the Talmud this sort of mental derangement is called a "deed of Herod".[4] Josephus relates also that after her death Herod tried in hunting and banqueting to forget his loss, but that even his strong nature succumbed and he fell ill in Samaria, where he had made Mariamne his wife.[5] The Mariamne Tower in Jerusalem, built by Herod, was without doubt named after her; it was called also "Queen"[6]
  Mariamne in the Arts
  
  From the Renaissance to contemporary times, there has been a long tradition of works of art (dramas, operas, novels, etc.) devoted to Mariamne and her relationship with Herod the Great

• Een kind van Alexander Maccabaeus van Judea en Alexandra bat Hyrcanus van Judea
• Deze gegevens zijn voor het laatst bijgewerkt op 4 december 2012.

Gezin van Mariamne I Maccabaea van Judea

Zij is getrouwd met Herod "de grote" van Judea.

Zij zijn getrouwd te Samaria, Palestina.Bron 3

Kind(eren):

1. (Niet openbaar)
2. Aristobulus IV van Judea   
3. (Niet openbaar)
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