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Persoonlijke gegevens Michael III van Byzantium 

• Hij is geboren op 19 januari 840.
• (Levens event) .Bron 1

  Michael III (Greek: ???a?? G', Mikhael III; January 19, 840 – September 23/24, 867) was Byzantine Emperor from 842 to 867. Michael III was the third and traditionally last member of the Amorian Dynasty, also known as the Phrygian Dynasty. He was given the disparaging epithet the Drunkard (? ????s??) by the hostile historians of the succeeding Macedonian dynasty, but modern historical research has rehabilitated his reputation to some extent, demonstrating the vital role his reign played in the resurgence of Byzantine power in the 9th century.[1][2]
  Contents
  Life
  This coin struck during the regency of Theodora shows how Michael was less prominent than his mother, who is represented as ruler alone on the obverse, and even less than his sister Thecla, who is depicted together with the young Michael on the reverse of this coin.
  Early life and regency
  
  Michael was the youngest child of Emperor Theophilos and Theodora. Already crowned co-ruler by his father in 840, Michael III had just turned two years old when he succeeded as sole emperor on January 20, 842.
  
  During his minority, the empire was governed by a regency headed by his mother Theodora, her uncle Sergios, and the minister Theoktistos. The empress had iconodule sympathies and deposed Patriarch John VII of Constantinople and replaced him with the iconodule Methodios in 843. This put an end to the second spell of Iconoclasm.[3] As the emperor was growing up, the courtiers around him fought for influence. Increasingly fond of his uncle Bardas, Michael invested him with the title kaisar (Caesar – at the time a title second only to emperor) and allowed him to murder Theoktistos in November 855. With Bardas' support, and that of another uncle the successful general Petronas, Michael III overthrew the regency on March 15, 856, and relegated his mother and sisters to a monastery in 857.[4]
  Warfare
  Michael III
  
  The internal stabilization of the state was not entirely matched on the frontiers. The Byzantine forces were defeated in Pamphylia, Crete, and on the border with Syria by the Abbasids, but a Byzantine fleet of 85 ships did score a victory over the Arabs in 853, also there were many operations around the Aegean and off the Syrian coast by at least three more fleets, numbering 300 ships total. Following an expedition led by Michael's uncle Petronas against them and the Arab borderlands in 856 the imperial government undertook the resettlement of Paulicians from the eastern frontier into Thrace (thus cutting them off from their coreligionists and populating another border region) and launched an expedition against the Slavs in the Peloponnese.[5]
  
  A conflict between the Byzantines and Bulgarians started in 855–856. The Empire wanted to regain its control over some areas of Thrace, including Philippopolis (Plovdiv) and the ports around the Gulf of Burgas on the Black Sea. The Byzantine forces, led by the emperor and the caesar Bardas, were successful in the conflict and reconquered a number of cities, Philippopolis, Develtus, Anchialus and Mesembria being among them, and the region of Zagora was recovered.[6][7] At the time of this campaign the Bulgarians were distracted by a war with the Franks under Louis the German and the Croatians.
  
  Michael III took an active part in the wars against the Abbasids and their vassals on the eastern frontier in 856–863, especially in 857 when he sent an army of 50,000 men against Umar al-Aqta, Emir of Melitene. In 859 he personally besieged Samosata, but in 860 he had to abandon his expedition to repel a Rus' attack on Constantinople. In 863 Petronas defeated and killed the emir of Melitene at the battle of Lalakaon and celebrated a triumph in the capital.[8]
  The ascendency of Bardas and the Christianisation of Bulgaria
  
  Bardas justified his usurpation of the regency by introducing various internal reforms. Under the influence of both Bardas and Photios, Michael presided over the reconstruction of ruined cities and structures, the reopening of closed monasteries, and the reorganization of the imperial university at the Maganaura palace under Leo the Mathematician.[9] Photios, originally a layman, had entered holy orders and was promoted to the position of patriarch on the dismissal of the troublesome Ignatios in 858.[10] This created a schism within the Church and, although a Constantinopolitan synod in 861 confirmed Photios as patriarch, Ignatios appealed to Pope Nicholas I, who declared Photios illegitimate in 863. Michael presided over a synod in 867 in which Photios and the three other eastern patriarchs excommunicated Pope Nicholas and condemned the Latin filioque clause concerning the procession of the Holy Spirit.[11] The conflict over the patriarchal throne and supreme authority within the church was exacerbated by the success of the active missionary efforts launched by Photios.
  The baptism of Boris I of Bulgaria
  
  Under the guidance of Patriarch Photios, Michael sponsored the mission of Saints Cyril and Methodios to the Khazar Khagan in an effort to stop the expansion of Judaism among the Khazars. Although this mission was a failure, their next mission in 863 secured the conversion of Great Moravia and devised the Glagolitic alphabet for writing in Slavonic thus allowing Slavic-speaking peoples to approach conversion to Orthodox Christianity through their own rather than an alien tongue.[12]
  
  Fearing the potential conversion of Boris I of Bulgaria to Christianity under Frankish influence, Michael III and the Caesar Bardas invaded Bulgaria and imposed Boris' conversion according to the Byzantine rite as part of the peace settlement in 864. Michael III stood as sponsor, by proxy, for Boris at his baptism. Boris took the additional name of Michael at the ceremony. The Byzantines also allowed the Bulgarians to reclaim the debatable border region of Zagora.[13] The conversion of the Bulgarians has been evaluated as one of the greatest cultural and political achievements of the Byzantine Empire.[14]
  The rise of Basil the Macedonian and the assassination of Michael
  The assassination of Bardas the Caesar at the feet of Michael III
  
  Michael III's marriage with Eudokia Dekapolitissa was childless, but the emperor did not want to risk a scandal by attempting to marry his mistress Eudokia Ingerina, daughter of the Varangian (Danish) imperial guard Inger. The solution he chose was to have Ingerina marry his favorite courtier and chamberlain Basil the Macedonian. While Michael carried out his relationship with Ingerina, Basil was kept satisfied with the emperor's sister Thekla, whom her brother retrieved from a monastery. Basil gained increasing influence over Michael, and in April 866 he convinced the emperor that the Caesar Bardas was conspiring against him and was duly allowed to murder Bardas. Now without serious rivals, Basil was crowned co-emperor in May 867 and was adopted by the much younger Michael III. This curious development may have been intended to legitimize the eventual succession to the throne of Eudokia Ingerina's son Leo, who was widely believed to be Michael's son. Michael celebrated the birth of Leo with public chariot races, a sport he was an enthusiastic patron of and participant in.[15]
  
  If ensuring Leo's legitimacy had been Michael's plan, it backfired. Ostensibly troubled by the favor Michael was beginning to show to another courtier, named Basiliskianos (Basiliskian), who was raised as another co-emperor, Basil had Michael assassinated when he lay insensible in his bedchamber following a drinking bout in September 867. Basil with a number of his male relatives, plus other accomplices, entered Michael's apartment; the locks had been tampered with and no guard had been placed. Michael's end was grisly, a man named John of Chaldia killed him, cutting off both the emperor's hands with a sword before finishing him off with a thrust to the heart. Basil, as the sole remaining emperor (Basiliskianos had been killed at the same time as Michael), automatically succeeded as the ruling basileus.[16]
  
  Michael's remains were buried in the Philippikos Monastery at Chrysopolis on the Asian shore of the Bosphoros. When Leo VI became ruling emperor in 886 one of his first acts was to have Michael's body exhumed and reburied, with great ceremony, in the imperial mausoleum in the Church of the Holy Apostles in Constantinople.[17]
  Legacy
  Michael III driving a chariot, he was an enthusiastic patron of and participant in chariot races.
  
  The reign and personality of Michael III are difficult to evaluate because of the hostile accounts written by Byzantine authors operating under Basil I and his successors. Byzantine accounts describe Michael's habitual drunkenness, his obsession with chariot racing and his orchestration of public displays mocking the processions and rituals of the church. The impression gained from Arab sources, however, is one of Michael as an active and often successful military commander.[18] Though Michael III was allegedly prone to squander money, his reign saw a stabilization of the economy, and by the year 850 the empire's annual revenues had increased to 3,300,000 nomismata. The definitive end to Iconoclasm early in the reign led, unsurprisingly, to a renaissance in visual arts. During Michael's reign the Byzantine Empire had made considerable advances in internal organisation and religious cohesion, and had more than held its own against the Abbasid Caliphate. Most importantly Bulgaria had been transformed into a religious and cultural satellite of Byzantium. However, much of the credit for these achievements must go to Theodora and Theoktistos up to 855, and Bardas and Petronas thereafter.[19]
  Amorian or Phrygian dynasty
  Chronology
  Michael II 820–829
  with Theophilos as co-emperor, 822–829
  Theophilos 829–842
  with Constantine (c. 833–835) and Michael III (840–842) as co-emperors
  Michael III 842–867
  under Theodora and Theoktistos as regents, 842–855, and with Basil I the Macedonian as co-emperor 866–867
  Succession
  Preceded by
  Leo V and the Nikephorian dynasty Followed by
  Macedonian dynasty
  Family
  
  Michael III had no children by his wife Eudokia Dekapolitissa, but was believed to have fathered one or two sons by his mistress Eudokia Ingerina, who was married to Basil I:
  
  Leo VI, who succeeded as emperor in 886.
  Stephen I, patriarch of Constantinople.
  Godfather of Boris I

• Hij is overleden op 23 september 867, hij was toen 27 jaar oud.
• Een kind van Theophilos van Byzantium en Theodora II van Armenië
• Deze gegevens zijn voor het laatst bijgewerkt op 27 december 2012.

Gezin van Michael III van Byzantium

(1) Hij heeft/had een relatie met Eudokia ingerina.

De relatie startte

Kind(eren):

1. Stephen I van Constantinopel  
2. Leo VI "de Wijze" van Byzantium  866-912 

(2) Hij is getrouwd met Eudokia Dekapolitissa.

Zij zijn getrouwd

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Tijdbalk Michael III van Byzantium

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