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Persoonlijke gegevens Edward I "the Elder" van Wessex 

• Hij is geboren in het jaar 874 in Wantange.
• (Geschiedenis) .Bron 1

  Eduard de Oudere (Oudengels: Eadweard se Ieldra; Wantage, c. 874-877 - Farndon, 17 juli 924) was een Engelse koning. Hij werd koning in 899 na de dood van zijn vader, Alfred de Grote. Zijn hof was in Winchester, voorheen de hoofdstad van Wessex. Hij veroverde de oostelijke Midlands en East Anglia op de Denen in 917 en werd heerser van Mercia in 918 na de dood van Æthelflæd, zijn zus.
  
  Al zijn oorkonden, op twee na, gaven zijn titel weer als "koning van de Angelsaksen" (Anglorum Saxonum rex). Hij was de tweede koning van de Angelsaksen omdat deze titel gecreëerd werd door Alfred. Op de munten van Eduard staat "EADVVEARD REX". De kroniekschrijvers schreven dat heel Engeland "Eduard accepteerde als koning" in 920. Maar het feit dat York zijn eigen munten bleef maken doet vermoeden dat de autoriteit van Eduard niet werd geaccepteerd in het door de Vikingen geregeerde Northumbria. Eduards eponiem "de Oudere" werd voor het eerst gebruikt door Wulfstan in zijn werk Life of St Æthelwold (tiende eeuw) om hem te onderscheiden van de latere koning Eduard de Martelaar.
  Onder zijn vader was Edward al een legeraanvoerder en versloeg in 893 de Denen in Fareham. Na de dood van Alfred werd zijn opvolging betwist door zijn neef Aethelwold die Wimborne Minster en Christchurch (Dorset) bezette. Toen Edward hem aanviel, vluchtte hij echter naar de Denen in Northumbria en riep zich daar tot koning uit. Edward werd op 8 juni 900 tot koning van Wessex gekroond in Kingston upon Thames, en stichtte in 901 de New Minster in Winchester en liet zijn vader daar herbegraven. Datzelfde jaar viel Aethelwold met een Deense vloot Essex binnen en probeerde steun te krijgen van Denen in East Anglia. Het volgende jaar bezette hij Cricklade en Braydon maar werd verslagen en gedood in de slag van Holme.
  
  Nu zijn positie was verzekerd begon Edward aan een consequent en geduldig beleid om de macht over heel Engeland in handen te krijgen. In 906 moest hij nog een Engels-Deense inval in Essex en Kent afslaan maar een jaar later wist hij vrede te sluiten met de Denen van East Anglia en York. En in 909 stuurde hij een leger naar Northumbria om de Deense gebieden daar te plunderen. Toen de Denen als vergelding Mercia binnenvielen, wist Edward ze in 910 te verslaan bij Tettenhall (nu binnen Wolverhampton). Daarna wist Edward gestaag zijn macht uit te breiden:
  
  911 bezetting van Middlesex en Oxfordshire
  912 verovering van Essex en onderwerping van de Denen in East Anglia
  915 bezetting van Bedford (Engeland)
  917 offensief tegen de Denen in de Midlands
  
  De eerste partner in de strijd tegen de Denen was altijd Mercia geweest. Vanaf 883 ongeveer was Aethelred daar machthebber; koning in naam erkende hij wel het oppergezag van Eduard. Aethelred huwde Aethelflaed, een zuster van Eduard, en na zijn dood in 911 nam Aethelflaed het bewind over. Op heel actieve wijze zelfs, want ze nam deel aan alle grote militaire campagnes. In 918 overleed ook Aethelflaed, en de kroon zou aan haar dochter Aelfwynn toegekomen zijn. Eduard zette haar echter af, misschien omdat hij in de jonge vrouw geen militaire leider zag zoals in haar moeder.
  
  Om zijn koninkrijk te beveiligen bouwde Edward kastelen in Hertford, Witham, Bridgnorth, Tamworth, Stafford, Eddisbury, Warwick en ook in “Scergeat” maar die locatie is niet geïdentificeerd. Hij reorganiseerde de kerk en creëerde een aantal nieuwe bisdommen maar kreeg ook een reprimande van de paus dat hij meer op zijn religieuze plichten moest letten. Hij onderhield betrekkingen met heersers op het vasteland, wat blijkt uit het huwelijk van zijn dochter met Karel de Eenvoudige. Zijn zoon Aethelstan zette deze politiek van buitenlandse huwelijken voor zijn halfzusters actief door.
  
  n bijna al zijn oorkondes noemde Eduard zich "koning van de Angel-Saxen" (Anglorum Saxonum rex), een titel die hij overnam van zijn vader Alfred. Op de munten van Eduard staat te lezen "EADVVEARD REX." [1] En van een aantal vorsten uit Wales is de erkenning van de kroon van Edward duidelijk. De kronieken vermelden zelfs dat heel Engeland “Edward als heer aanvaardde" in 920. Maar wellicht sloeg dat laatste veeleer op een soort wapenstilstand dan op een werkelijke erkenning van zijn gezag. Ook het feit dat York nog steeds eigen munten bleef slaan, wijst in de richting dat het door Vikingen beheerste Northumbria nog steeds zijn eigen weg ging. Edward overleed trouwens in 924 op een veldtocht tegen rebellen uit Wales en Mercia, en werd begraven in de New Minster van Winchester.

• (Levens event) .Bron 2

  Edward the Elder (Old English: Eadweard se Ieldra; about 874–877 – 17 July 924) was an English king. He became king in 899 upon the death of his father, Alfred the Great. His court was at Winchester, previously the capital of Wessex. He captured the eastern Midlands and East Anglia from the Danes in 917 and became ruler of Mercia in 918 upon the death of Æthelflæd, his sister.
  
  All but two of his charters give his title as "Anglorum Saxonum rex" or "king of the Anglo-Saxons".[1] He was the second king of the Anglo-Saxons as this title was created by Alfred.[1] Edward's coinage reads "EADVVEARD REX."[2] The chroniclers record that all England "accepted Edward as lord" in 920.[3] But the fact that York continued to produce its own coinage suggests that Edward's authority was not accepted in Viking-ruled Northumbria.[4] Edward's eponym "the Elder" was first used in Wulfstan's Life of St Æthelwold (tenth century) to distinguish him from the later King Edward the Martyr.
  
  Edward was the second surviving child and elder son born to Alfred the Great and his Mercian queen, Ealhswith. Edward's birth cannot be dated with certainty. His parents married in 868 and his eldest sibling Æthelflæd was born soon afterwards as she was herself married in 883. Edward was probably born rather later, in the 870s, and probably between 874 and 877.[5]
  
  Asser's Life of King Alfred reports that Edward was educated at court together with his youngest sister Ælfthryth. His second sister, Æthelgifu, was intended for a life in religion from an early age, perhaps due to ill health, and was later abbess of Shaftesbury. The youngest sibling, Æthelweard, was educated at a court school where he learned Latin, which suggests that he too was intended for a religious life. Edward and Ælfthryth, however, while they learned the English of the day, received a courtly education, and Asser refers to their taking part in the "pursuits of this present life which are appropriate to the nobility".[6]
  
  The first appearance of Edward in the sources is in 892, in a charter granting land at North Newnton, near Pewsey in Wiltshire, to ealdorman Æthelhelm, where he is called filius regis, the king's son.[7] Although he was the reigning king's elder son, Edward was not certain to succeed his father. Until the 890s, the obvious heirs to the throne were Edward's cousins Æthelwold and Æthelhelm, sons of Æthelred, Alfred's older brother and predecessor as king. Æthelwold and Æthelhelm were around ten years older than Edward. Æthelhelm disappears from view in the 890s, seemingly dead, but a charter probably from that decade shows Æthelwold witnessing before Edward, and the order of witnesses is generally believed to relate to their status.[8] As well as his greater age and experience, Æthelwold may have had another advantage over Edward where the succession was concerned. While Alfred's wife Ealhswith is never described as queen and was never crowned, Æthelwold and Æthelhelm's mother Wulfthryth was called queen.[9]
  Succession and early reign
  Silver brooch imitating a coin of Edward the Elder, c. 920, found in Rome, Italy. British Museum.
  
  When Alfred died, Edward's cousin Æthelwold, the son of King Æthelred of Wessex, rose up to claim the throne and began Æthelwold's Revolt. He seized Wimborne, in Dorset, where his father was buried, and Christchurch (then in Hampshire, now in Dorset). Edward marched to Badbury and offered battle, but Æthelwold refused to leave Wimborne. Just when it looked as if Edward was going to attack Wimborne, Æthelwold left in the night, and joined the Danes in Northumbria, where he was announced as King. In the meantime, Edward is alleged to have been crowned at Kingston upon Thames on 8 June 900 [10]
  
  In 901, Æthelwold came with a fleet to Essex, and encouraged the Danes in East Anglia to rise up. In the following year he attacked English Mercia and northern Wessex. Edward retaliated by ravaging East Anglia, but when he retreated south the men of Kent disobeyed the order to retire, and were intercepted by the Danish army. The two sides met at the Battle of the Holme on 13 December 902. According to the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, the Danes "kept the place of slaughter", but they suffered heavy losses, including Æthelwold and a King Eohric, possibly of the East Anglian Danes.[11]
  
  Relations with the North proved problematic for Edward for several more years. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle mentions that he made peace with the East Anglian and Northumbrian Danes "of necessity". There is also a mention of the regaining of Chester in 907, which may be an indication that the city was taken in battle.[12]
  
  In 909, Edward sent an army to harass Northumbria. In the following year, the Northumbrians retaliated by attacking Mercia, but they were met by the combined Mercian and West Saxon army at the Battle of Tettenhall, where the Northumbrian Danes were destroyed. From that point, they never raided south of the River Humber.
  
  Edward then began the construction of a number of fortresses (burhs), at Hertford, Witham and Bridgnorth. He is also said to have built a fortress at Scergeat, but that location has not been identified. This series of fortresses kept the Danes at bay. Other forts were built at Tamworth, Stafford, Eddisbury and Warwick. These burhs were built to the same specifications (within centimetres) as those within the territory that his father had controlled; it has been suggested on this basis that Edward actually built them all.[13]
  Achievements
  
  Edward extended the control of Wessex over the whole of Mercia, East Anglia and Essex, conquering lands occupied by the Danes and bringing the residual autonomy of Mercia to an end in 918, after the death of his sister, Æthelflæd. Æthelflæd's daughter, Ælfwynn, was named as her successor, but Edward deposed her, bringing Mercia under his direct control. He had already annexed the cities of London and Oxford and the surrounding lands of Oxfordshire and Middlesex in 911. By 918, all of the Danes south of the Humber had submitted to him. By the end of his reign, the Norse, the Scots and the Welsh had acknowledged him as "father and lord".[14] This recognition of Edward's overlordship in Scotland led to his successors' claims of suzerainty over that Kingdom.
  
  Edward reorganized the Church in Wessex, creating new bishoprics at Ramsbury and Sonning, Wells and Crediton. Despite this, there is little indication that Edward was particularly religious. In fact, the Pope delivered a reprimand to him to pay more attention to his religious responsibilities.[15]
  
  He died leading an army against a Welsh-Mercian rebellion, on 17 July 924 at Farndon-Upon-Dee[16] and was buried in the New Minster in Winchester, Hampshire, which he himself had established in 901. After the Norman Conquest, the minster was replaced by Hyde Abbey to the north of the city and Edward's body was transferred there. His last resting place is currently marked by a cross-inscribed stone slab within the outline of the old abbey marked out in a public park.
  
  The portrait included here is imaginary and was drawn together with portraits of other Anglo-Saxon era monarchs by an unknown artist in the 18th century. Edward's eponym the Elder was first used in the 10th century, in Wulfstan's Life of St Æthelwold, to distinguish him from the later King Edward the Martyr.
  Appearance and Character
  
  The chronicle of Peter of Langtoft (died c.1308, and hence writing several centuries later) called him, "[v]ery strong and handsome, and of great intelligence."
  Family
  
  Edward had four siblings, including Æthelflæd, Lady of the Mercians, and Ælfthryth, Countess of Flanders.
  
  King Edward had about fourteen children from three marriages (or according to some sources, an extramarital relationship and two marriages).
  
  Edward first married Ecgwynn around 893. Conflicting information is given about her by different sources, none of which pre-date the Conquest.[17][18] Their children were
  
  The future King Athelstan (c.893 – 939)
  (perhaps, else by Ælfflæd) a daughter (named Eadgyth (St. Edith) by some chroniclers) who married Sihtric Cáech and later became a nun.
  
  In 899, Edward married Ælfflæd, a daughter of Æthelhelm, the ealdorman of Wiltshire.[19] Their children were
  
  Eadgifu (902 – after 955), who married Charles the Simple
  Ælfweard of Wessex (904–924), whose death occurred 16 days after Edward's. Later sources sometimes portray him as Edward's successor, at least in part of the kingdom.[20]
  Eadgyth (910–946), who married Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor
  Eadhild, who married Hugh the Great, Duke of the Franks and Count of Paris
  Ælfgifu who married "a prince near the Alps", sometimes identified with Conrad of Burgundy or Boleslaus II of Bohemia
  Eadflæd, who became a nun
  Eadhild, who also became a nun
  Edwin of Wessex
  
  Edward married for a third time, about 919, to Eadgifu,[19] the daughter of Sigehelm, the ealdorman of Kent. Their children were
  
  The future king Edmund (922–946)
  The future king Eadred (died 955)
  Saint Edburga of Winchester (died 960)
  Eadgifu, married "Louis, Prince of Aquitaine", whose identity is disputed, as is the very existence of this daughter.
  
  Eadgifu outlived her husband and her sons, and was alive during the reign of her grandson, King Edgar. William of Malmsbury's history De antiquitate Glastonie ecclesiae claims that Edward's second wife, Ælfflæd, was also alive after Edward's death, but this is the only known source for that claim.

• Hij is overleden op 17 juli 924 in Farndon, hij was toen 50 jaar oud.
• Een kind van Alfred "De Grote" van Wessex en Alswitha Ealswith
• Deze gegevens zijn voor het laatst bijgewerkt op 22 oktober 2012.

Gezin van Edward I "the Elder" van Wessex

(1) Hij is getrouwd met Ecgwynn.

Zij zijn getrouwd in het jaar 893, hij was toen 19 jaar oud.Bron 1

Kind(eren):

1. Aelfred van Wessex  893-901
2. Aethelstan "the Glorious" van Wessex  895-939 
3. Eadgyth van Wessex  896-937

(2) Hij is getrouwd met Aelfleda van Bernicia.

Zij zijn getrouwd na 893.Bron 3

Kind(eren):

1. Aelfgifu Adiva   
2. Aethelfleda van Wessex  
3. Aethelhild van Wessex  
4. Eadfleda van Wessex  
5. Eadhild van Wessex  -937
6. Eadwine van Wessex  -933
7. Eadgyfu Hedwig  896-> 951 
8. Aelfweard van Wessex  902-924
9. Eadgyth Edith  912-946 

(3) Hij is getrouwd met Eadgifu van Kent.

Zij zijn getrouwd in het jaar 919, hij was toen 45 jaar oud.Bron 4

Kind(eren):

1. Eadgifu van Wessex  
2. Edburga van Winchester  
3. Edmund I "de Geweldige" van Engeland  922-946 
4. Edred van Wessex  923-955

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