Let op: Was jonger dan 16 jaar (11) toen kind (Assona Iniguez van Pamplona) werd geboren (??-??-792).
Íñigo Íñiguez Arista, (circa 781 - 852) was de eerste koning van het Koninkrijk Navarra van ca. 824 tot 851/2.
Hij was de graaf van Bigorre en Sobrarbe. Zijn afkomst is verder onduidelijk, maar zijn familienaam (Íñiguez) geeft aan dat zijn vader ook Íñigo heette. Er wordt vermoed dat hij een bloedverwant was van García Jiménez, die in de laatste jaren van de 8e eeuw in navolging van zijn vader Jimeno weerstand bood aan de Karolingen tijdens hun gebiedsveroveringen in Gascogne.
Zijn moeder trouwde, na het overlijden van zijn vader Íñigo, met de Moorse emir Musa ibn Fortún ibn Qasi bij wie ze nog moeder werd van Musa ibn Musa ibn Qasi, de latere emir en hoofd van de Banu Qasi. Mede door deze verwantschap met Musa ibn Musa ibn Qasi wist hij veel invloed in grote delen van de Pyreneeën te bemachtigen.
De Velasco-familie waren de grote rivalen van Íñigo Íñiguez Arista en de Banu Qasi en de grootste bondgenoten van de Franken in het oude Spanje. In 799 zouden sluipmoordenaars de gouverneur van Pamplona, (Navarra), een lid van de Banu Qasi, vermoorden. Een lid van de Velasco-familie nam zijn plaats in en daarmee zou de Frankische invloed op het Iberisch Schiereiland naar het westen uitbreiden. In 824 ondernamen de Frankische graven Aeblus en Aznar Sanchez een nieuwe expeditie naar Navarra. Íñigo Íñiguez Arista wist deze Frankische handlangers te overmeesteren en hij werd nu in Pamplona uitgeroepen als "koning van Navarra".
Íñigo Íñiguez Arista zelf was een christen, maar in het koninkrijk woonden zowel christenen als (Moorse) moslims, maar er was niet altijd vrede tussen de Moorse Banu Qasi en de Basken. Abd-ar-Rahman II, de emir van het Kalifaat van Córdoba, voerde regelmatig vergeldingsacties uit tegen de Basken.
Dit was ook de periode van Vikingeninvallen in Navarra en de periode waar zijn zoon García Íñiguez gevangengenomen werd en pas na betaling van een grote som aan losgeld weer vrijgelaten werd.
In 841 raakte Íñigo Íñiguez Arista verlamd tijdens een gezamenlijk gevecht met Musa ibn Musa ibn Qasi, tegen de Vikingen. Zijn zoon García Íñiguez, mogelijk samen met zijn oom Fortún Íñiguez, een halfbroer van Íñigo Íñiguez Arista, zou als regent optreden. Beiden zouden Musa ibn Musa ibn Qasi steunen in een opstand tegen het Kalifaat van Córdoba. Fortún Íñiguez zou tijdens deze opstand gedood worden. In (ca.) 851/2 zou Íñigo Íñiguez Arista overlijden en zijn zoon García Íñiguez volgde hem op als koning in (een deel van) Navarra. (Waarschijnlijk was Jimeno I van Navarra koning in een ander deel van Navarra, waar diens zoon García Jiménez hem later zou opvolgen.)
De mannelijke lijn van Íñigo Íñiguez Arista zou in 905 (kleinzoon Fortún Garcés) de troon verliezen, maar in vrouwelijke lijn zouden er nog afstammelingen koning van Navarra worden.
De naam van zijn echtgenote was mogelijk Oneca Velázguez, en zou een dochter geweest kunnen zijn van Velasco, heer van Pamplona (-816), maar ook wordt vermoed dat ze een bloedverwant zou zijn van Aznar I Galíndez (maar deze naam werd pas in later kronieken vermeld en niet in eigentijdse bronnen).
Íñigo Íñiguez Arista (Basque: Eneko Enekones Aritza/Haritza/Aiza, Arabic: ????? ?? ??????, Wannaqo ibn Wannaqo, c. 790 851 or 852) is considered the first King of Pamplona. He is thought to have risen to prominence after the defeat of local Frankish partisans in 816, and his rule is usually dated from the defeat of a Carolingian army in 824. He is first attested by chroniclers as a rebel against the Emirate of Córdoba from 840 until his death a decade later. The nascent state that he passed on to his son García came to be known as the kingdom of Pamplona.
Contents
Biography
His origin is obscure, but his patronymic indicates that he was the son of an Íñigo.[1] He is said by a later chronicler to have been count of Bigorre, or at least to have come from there, but there is no near-contemporary evidence of this.[2] It has been speculated that he was kinsman of García Jiménez, who in the late 8th century succeeded his father Jimeno 'the Strong' in resisting Carolingian expansion into Vasconia. He is also speculated to have been related to Pamplona dynasty that would supplant his, the Jiménez.[3]
His mother had also married Musa ibn Fortun ibn Qasi, by him having son Musa ibn Musa ibn Qasi, head of the Banu Qasi, Muslim ruler of Tudela and one of the chief lords of Ebro Valley.[4] Due to this relationship, Íñigo and his kin frequently acted in alliance with Musa ibn Musa and this relationship allowed Íñigo to extend his influence over large territories in the Pyrenean valleys.
The family came to power through struggles over Frankish and Muslim influence in northern Iberia. In 799, pro-Frankish assassins murdered Mutarrif ibn Musa, governor of Pamplona, perhaps the brother of Musa ibn Musa ibn Qasi and of Íñigo himself. Ibn Hayyan reports that in 816, Abd al-Karim ibn Abd al-Wahid ibn Mugit launched a military campaign against the pro-Frankish "Enemy of God", Velasco the Gascon (Arabic: ???? ????????, Balak al-Yalaqi), Sahib of Pamplona (Arabic: ???? ????????), who had united Christian and pagan factions. They fought a three-day battle in which the pro-Córdoba faction routed their enemies and killed Velasco, along with García López, kinsman of Alfonso II of Asturias, Sancho "warrior/knight of Pamplona", and pagan warrior "?altan". This defeat of the pro-Frankish force appears to have allowed the anti-French Íñigo to come to power. In 820, Íñigo is said to have intervened in the County of Aragon, ejecting a Frankish vassal, count Aznar I Galíndez, in favor of García el Malo (the Bad), who would become Íñigo's son-in-law. In 824, the Frankish counts Aeblus and Aznar Sánchez made an expedition against Pamplona, but were defeated in the second Battle of Roncesvalles. Traditionally, this battle is portrayed as resulting in the crowning of Íñigo as "King of Pamplona", but there is no direct evidence of this and he is referred to by Arabic chroniclers with the same title as given Velasco, "Lord of Pamplona". His realm would continually play Moslem and Christian against themselves and each other to maintain independence against the outside powers.
In 840 Íñigo's lands were attacked by Abd Allah ibn Kulayb, wali of Zaragoza, leading his half-brother, Musa ibn Musa into rebellion.[5] The next year, Íñigo fell victim to paralysis in battle against the Norse with Musa ibn Musa.[citation needed] His son García acted as regent, in concert with Íñigo's warrior brother Fortún Íñiguez (Arabic: ????? ?? ??????, Fortun ibn Wannaqo), who was also half-brother of Musa. They joined Musa ibn Musa in an uprising against the Emirate of Córdoba. Abd-ar-Rahman II, emir of Córdoba, launched reprisal campaigns in the succeeding years. In an 843 battle, Fortún Íñiguez was killed, and Musa unhorsed and forced to escape on foot, while Íñigo and his son Galindo escaped with wounds and several nobleman, most notably Velasco Garcés, defected to Abd-ar-Rahman. The next year, Íñigo's own son, Galindo Íñiguez and Musa's son Lubb ibn Musa went over to Córdoba, and Musa was forced to submit. Following a brief campaign the next year, 845, a general peace was achieved.[6] In 850, Musa again rose in open rebellion, supported by Pamplona,[7] and envoys of Induo (thought to be Íñigo) and Mitio,[8] "Dukes of the Navarrese", were received at the French court. Íñigo died in the Muslim year 237 A.H., which is late 851 or early 852, and was succeeded by his son García Íñiguez.[9]
The name of the wife (or wives) of Íñigo is not reported in contemporary records, although sources from centuries later assign her the name of Toda or Oneca.[10] There is also scholarly debate regarding her derivation, some hypothesizing that she was daughter of Velasco, lord of Pamplona (killed 816), and others making her kinswoman of Aznar I Galíndez.[11] He was father of the following known children:[12]
Assona Íñiguez, who married her father's half-brother, Musa ibn Musa ibn Fortun ibn Qasi, lord of Tudela and Huesca
García Íñiguez, the future king
Galindo Íñiguez, fled to Córdoba where he was friend of Eulogio of Córdoba and became father of Musa ibn Galind, Amil of Huesca in 860, assassinated in 870 [13]
a daughter, wife of Count García el Malo (the Bad) of Aragón.
The dynasty founded by Íñigo reigned for about 80 years, being supplanted by a rival dynasty in 905. However, due to intermarriages, subsequent kings of Navarre descend from Íñigo.
Hij is getrouwd met Onega Velázguez.
Zij zijn getrouwd
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Íñigo Íñiguez "Arista" van Pamplona | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Onega Velázguez | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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