García Iñiguez (? - 870) was koning van Navarra van 851/2 tot zijn dood. Hij was een zoon van Ínigo Íñiguez Arista, de eerste koning van Navarra. Toen zijn vader in 842 verlamd raakte, werd hij regent, mogelijk samen met zijn oom Fortún Íñiguez.
García studeerde als gast van de emir van Córdoba aan diens hof in Córdoba. Met zijn bloedverwant Musa ibn Musa ibn Fortún van de Banu Qasi rebelleerde hij later in 843 tegen de emir van Córdoba. Deze rebellie werd neergeslagen door emir Abd-ar-Rahman II en die een tegenaanval pleegde op Navarra, waarbij hij García versloeg en Fortún doodde.
Na zijn vaders dood in 851/2 volgde hij hem op als koning. (Hij wordt in de kronieken van ibn Hayyan expliciet genoemd als zijn opvolger, maar ook Jimeno Garcés de Navarra wordt als heerser genoemd in (een deel van) het koninkrijk.)
In 859 maakte een Viking eenheid een expeditie naar Navarra. De Navaranen verbraken hun bondgenootschap met de Babu Qasi en sloten een nieuw verbond met de koningen van Asturië. García en Ordoño I van Asturië wisten de Vikingen nog in hetzelfde jaar te verslaan in de slag van Albelda. In 860 werd Garcías zoon en troonopvolger Fortún Garcés gevangengenomen door emir Mohammed I van Córdoba en naar Córdoba gevoerd, en zou daar de volgende twintig jaar van zijn leven verblijven. García was ook beschermheer voor de pelgrims die hij een veilige reis tijdens hun pelgrimstochten naar Santiago de Compostela garandeerde. Hij verdedigde zijn land vurig tegenover het binnendringende islamisme.
García overleed in 870 en zijn zoon zat nog gevangen bij de Moren in Córdoba. Zijn nalatenschap (koningschap van Navarra) kwam in handen van García Jiménez, de zoon van Jimeno, die als koning-regent regeerde. Zijn eigen zoon Fortún Garcés werd in 880 vrijgelaten en werd bij zijn terug keer in Navarra alsnog tot koning verheven.
Over de identiteit van zijn echtgenote of echtgenotes is erg weinig bekend, en berust meer op speculatie dan op feiten. Verondersteld wordt dat Urraca Giménez, gravin van Aragón, zijn eerste echtgenoot was
García Íñiguez, sometimes García I, II, or III (Arabic: ????? ?? ????? ?????????, Garsiya ibn Wannaqo al Bakunii; Latin: Garsea Enneconis) was king of Pamplona from 851/2 until his death.
He was educated in Córdoba, as a guest at the court of the Emir of Córdoba. He was the son of Íñigo Arista, the first king of their dynasty. When his father was stricken by paralysis in 842, he became regent of the kingdom (or perhaps co-regent with his uncle Fortún Íñiguez). He and his kinsman Musa ibn Musa ibn Fortún of the Banu Qasi rebelled against the Cordoban emir in 843. This rebellion was put down by Emir Abd-ar-Rahman II, who attacked the Kingdom of Pamplona, defeating García badly and killing Fortún. At his father's death in 851/2 (237 A.H.), he succeeded to the crown.
Following the death of Íñigo Arista, the Banu Qasi leader Musa ibn Musa pursued a policy of closer allegiance with Muhammad I of Córdoba, leaving García to look to Christian Asturias for an ally. In 859, Musa ibn Musa allowed a contingent of Vikings to pass through his lands and attack Navarre, resulting in the capture of García, who was forced to pay at least 70,000 gold dinars in ransom. Later the same year, Musa ibn Musa attacked the Pamplonese city of Albelda. García and his new friend Ordoño I of Asturias together dealt Musa a crushing blow, killing, it is said, 10,000 of his magnates in the Battle of Albelda. This, in turn, provoked a Muslim response and the next year, 860, saw García's son and heir Fortún captured and imprisoned by the Moors. He languished in Córdoba for the next 20 years. In 870, García formed an alliance with the Muslim rebel Amrus ibn Umar ibn Amrus, who had killed Garcia's nephew Musa ibn Galindo of Huesca, and the next year was apparently in a new alliance with the sons of Musa ibn Musa, now in rebellion against Córdoba.
García I favoured the pilgrims who travelled to Santiago de Compostela, and attempted to guarantee peace for that traffic.
García's death has been subject to scholarly dispute, a result of a paucity of records from the last years of his reign. The lack of subsequent mention of him after 870 led to the suggestion that he died in that year, and as his heir was in the hands of his enemies, it was argued that García Jiménez then governed the kingdom as regent. García's son, Fortún Garcés, is then made to succeed upon his released in 880. There is, however, no evidence for such a regency, and Sanchéz Albornoz has cited evidence that García was still living at the time of his son's return. Thus it is likely that Balparda was reporting accurate tradition when he suggested García and ally Umar ibn Hafsun, fought a battle at Aybar against the troops of Emir of Córdoba in 882, García dying there (although the age provided him, 84 years, is clearly exaggerated).
The identity of García's wife or wives is poorly documented, and has been subject to much speculation. An undated confirmation of an earlier lost charter refers to King García and Queen Urraca Mayor, and this is thought by some to refer to García Íñiguez and an otherwise unknown wife. Based on her name alone, it has been suggested that she was of the Banu Qasi, but other historians have given her different parentage, or even a different king as husband. Likewise, royal princess Leodegundia Ordoñez of Asturias, daughter of Ordoño I of Asturias, is known to have married a ruler of Pamplona, and García Íñiguez is one of those speculated to have been this prince.
García Íñiguez had following children:
Fortún, the future king.
Sancho, who was likely the 'king' Sancho named as son-in-law by Galindo Aznárez I, Count of Aragón in 867. His son, Aznar Sánchez, married a daughter of king Fortún Garcés and by her had queens Toda Aznárez, wife of king Sancho Garcés I, and Sancha Aznárez, wife of king Jimeno Garcés. One Arabic source names Velasquita, wife of Mutarrif ibn Musa ibn Qasi, as daughter of a 'king' Sancho, although a second instead names her as daughter of García Íñiguez.
Onneca, wife of Aznar Galíndez II, Count of Aragón.
(perhaps) Velasquita, married to Mutarrif ibn Musa ibn Qasi, Wali of Huesca, son of Musa ibn Musa, else daughter of his son Sancho.
(perhaps) Jimena, wife of Alfonso III of León (assignment of her parentage based on political, chronological and onomastic arguments).
(1) Hij is getrouwd met Uracca Giménez van Aragón.
Zij zijn getrouwdBron 3
Kind(eren):
(2) Hij is getrouwd met Leodegundia Ordoñez van Asturië.
Zij zijn getrouwd in het jaar 858.Bron 4
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wikipedia/ Garcia I van Pamplona
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garc%C3%ADa_%C3%8D%C3%B1iguez_of_Pamplona
file:///C:/Users/frandre/Desktop/tijdelijk/Garcia_I_van_Pamplona.htm