Odo van Aquitanië (ook wel Eudo of Eudes genoemd) was Hertog van Aquitanië, hij verwierf deze status rond 700. Zijn gebied was gelegen in het zuid-westen van Gallië van de Loire tot de Pyreneeën met als hoofdstad Toulouse. Hij behield zijn titel totdat hij er afstand van deed 735.
Over zijn vroege leven is weinig bekend, zo ook zijn afkomst en nakomelingen. Enkele Hertogen van Aquitanië worden genoemd als Odo's vader: Boggis of Bertrand, maar ook Lupus, die niet eens een Meroving was. Hubertus was zeer waarschijnlijk de broer van Odo. Het is mogelijk dat Odo al vanaf 679 of 688 de titel van Hertog aannam, respectievelijk de overlijdensdata van Lupus en Bertrand en de terugtrekking van Hubertus. Andere data zijn ook mogelijk, maar rond 700 was hij zeker aan de macht. In 715 verklaarde hij zichzelf neutraal in de Frankische Burgeroorlog. Het is niet aannemelijk dat hij zich ooit heeft uitgeroepen tot Koning der Franken.
In 718 sloot hij een verbond met Chilperik II en de Hofmeier Ragamfred tegen Karel Martel. Bij de Slag bij Soissons werden ze verslagen en Odo leverde de Neustrische Koning, Chilperik II, uit aan Karel. Odo vocht tijdens zijn leven zowel tegen de Omajjaden als de Franken die beide zijn land binnenvielen. In 721 wist hij Al-Samh ibn Malik al-Khawlani een zware slag toe te brengen in de Slag bij Toulouse, een overwinning die hem giften van de Paus opleverde. Om zijn grenzen vrij te stellen huwde hij zijn dochter, Lampegia, uit aan Uthman ibn Naissa, door de Franken "Munuza" genaamd. De vrede was echter niet van lange duur, binnen een paar jaar viel Karel Martel Aquitanië weer binnen, die de Omajjaden bij de Slag aan de Garonne wist te verslaan. Intussen verloren zijn Moslim-bondgenoten controle over hun gebied aan de Omajjadaanse leiders. Odo werd verplicht voor Karel te vechten en samen wisten ze de Omajjaden bij de Slag bij Poitiers in 732 te verslaan.
In 735 deed Odo afstand van zijn titel en werd opgevolgd door zijn zoon Hunoald. Hij had nog een andere zoon, Ato. Odo stierf niet veel later, waarschijnlijk in een klooster rond 740.
Odo the Great (also called Eudes or Eudo) (died c. 735), Duke of Aquitaine, obtained this dignity by 700.[1] His territory included the Duchy of Vasconia in the south-west of Gaul and the Duchy of Aquitaine (at that point located north-east of the river Garonne), a realm extending from the Loire to the Pyrenees, with capital in Toulouse. He retained it until his abdication in 735.
His earlier life is obscure, as are his ancestry and ethnicity. Several Dukes of Aquitaine have been named as Odo's father: Boggis or Bertrand, to whom errant historians ascribed descent from the Merovingian Charibert II (based on the forged Charte d'Alaon), as also Duke Lupus I, who was not Merovingian at all. Odo is called according to the spurious Charte d'Alaon the brother of Hubertus.
Odo succeeded to the ducal throne maybe as early as 679, probably the date of the death of Lupus, or 688. Other dates are possible, including 692, but he was certainly in power by 700.
Young leader
The historian Jean de Jaurgain cites him as fighting in 711 against the Visigoth Roderic in Pamplona. In 715 he declared himself independent during the civil war raging in Gaul. It is not likely that he ever took the title of king.
In 718, he appears raising an army of Basques ("hoste Vasconum commota") as an ally of Chilperic II of Neustria[2] and the Mayor of the Palace Ragenfrid, who may have offered recognition of his kingship over Aquitaine. They were fighting against the Austrasian mayor of the palace, Charles Martel, but after the defeat of Chilperic at Soissons that year, he made peace with Charles by surrendering to him the Neustrian king and his treasures.[3]
Between Ummayyads and Franks
Odo was also obliged to fight both the Umayyads and the Franks who invaded his kingdom. On June 9, 721, he inflicted a major defeat upon Al-Samh ibn Malik al-Khawlani at the Battle of Toulouse,[4] the first major battle lost by the Muslim in their military campaign northwards, claiming the life of thousands of Umayyad soldiers. The heroic victory was celebrated with gifts from the Pope, who declared the Aquitanian duke a Champion of Christianity and solidified his independence.
In order to help secure his borders against the Umayyads, he married his daughter, probably named Lampegia, to the Muslim Berber rebel lord Uthman ibn Naissa, called "Munuza" by the Franks, the deputy governor of what would later become Catalonia.[5]
Battles of Garonne, Tours and death
In 731, the Frankish Charles Martel, after defeating the Saxons, turned his attention to the rival southern realm of Aquitaine, denounced Odo´s alliance with Uthman ibn Naissa, and crossed the Loire, so breaking the peace treaty held with Odo. The Frankish leader ransacked Aquitaine twice, seizing Bourges too, and Odo engaged the Frankish troops but was defeated. Charles went back to Francia.
Meanwhile, the Umayyads were gathering forces to attack Odo's ally in the Pyrenean region of Cerdanya (maybe Catalonia) Uthman ibn Naissa. In 731, the Berber lord was subject to the attack of an expedition led by Abdul Rahman Al Ghafiqi, overcoming and killing the rebel leader, and capturing Odo´s daughter, who was sent prisoner to a harem in Damascus. Busy as Odo was trying to fend off Charles´s thrust, he didn't make it to help his ally.
In 732, Abdul Rahman Al Ghafiqi's troops raided Vasconia, advanced towards Bordeaux and ransacked the city.[6] Odo engaged them but was defeated near Bordeaux by the Umayyads. Following the defeat, Odo ran north to warn Charles Martel, Mayor of the palaces of Neustria and Austrasia, of the impending threat and to appeal for assistance in fighting the Arab advance, which he received in exchange for accepting formal Frankish overlordship. The duke, aged almost 80, reorganised his scattered forces, joined Charles Martel's troops and fought as the Frankish left flank. The alliance defeated the Umayyads at the Battle of Tours in 732, and repelled the Muslims out of Aquitaine. Odo led his forces to play a major role in breaking up the Muslim army.
In 735 the Duke Odo abdicated and was succeeded by his son Hunald. He died thereafter, probably in a monastery, perhaps as late as 740. Odo the Great's popularity in Aquitaine is attested by the Vita Pardulfi.
Let op: Echtgenote (Adela van Autrasie) is ook zijn nicht.
(1) Hij is getrouwd met Waltrude van Orléans.
Zij zijn getrouwdBron 3
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(2) Hij is getrouwd met Adela van Autrasie.
Zij zijn getrouwdBron 4
Kind(eren):
grootouders
ouders
broers/zussen
kinderen
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