maximum test » Irene Augusta "Empress Irene Ducaena" Doukaina (± 1067-1133)

Persoonlijke gegevens Irene Augusta "Empress Irene Ducaena" Doukaina 

• Roepnaam is Empress Irene Ducaena.
• Zij is geboren rond 1067 in Constantinople, Byzantine Empire.
• Zij is overleden op 19 februari 1133 in Constantinople, Byzantine Empire.
• Zij is begraven rond .
• Een kind van Andronikos Δούκας en Maria of Bulgaria
• Deze gegevens zijn voor het laatst bijgewerkt op 12 april 2019.

Gezin van Irene Augusta "Empress Irene Ducaena" Doukaina

Zij is getrouwd met Alexios Komnenos.

Zij zijn getrouwd rond januari 1078 te ConstantinopleIstanbul
Turkey.

Kind(eren):

1. Theodora Komnene  1096-1116 

Notities over Irene Augusta "Empress Irene Ducaena" Doukaina

GIVN Irini
SURN Dukaina
REPO @REPO80@
TITL World Family Tree Vol. 11, Ed. 1
AUTH Brøderbund Software, Inc.
PUBL Release date: July 1, 1997
ABBR World Family Tree Vol. 11, Ed. 1
Customer pedigree.
Source Media Type: Family Archive CD
PAGE Tree #3804
DATA
TEXT Date of Import: 18 Dez 1998
REPO @REPO80@
TITL World Family Tree Vol. 11, Ed. 1
AUTH Brøderbund Software, Inc.
PUBL Release date: July 1, 1997
ABBR World Family Tree Vol. 11, Ed. 1
Customer pedigree.
Source Media Type: Family Archive CD
PAGE Tree #3804
DATA
TEXT Date of Import: 18 Dez 1998
REPO @REPO80@
TITL World Family Tree Vol. 11, Ed. 1
AUTH Brøderbund Software, Inc.
PUBL Release date: July 1, 1997
ABBR World Family Tree Vol. 11, Ed. 1
Customer pedigree.
Source Media Type: Family Archive CD
PAGE Tree #3804
DATA
TEXT Date of Import: 18 Dez 1998
DATE 9 SEP 2000
TIME 13:17:36

GIVN Irini
SURN Dukaina
REPO @REPO80@
TITL World Family Tree Vol. 11, Ed. 1
AUTH Brøderbund Software, Inc.
PUBL Release date: July 1, 1997
ABBR World Family Tree Vol. 11, Ed. 1
Customer pedigree.
Source Media Type: Family Archive CD
PAGE Tree #3804
DATA
TEXT Date of Import: 18 Dez 1998
REPO @REPO80@
TITL World Family Tree Vol. 11, Ed. 1
AUTH Brøderbund Software, Inc.
PUBL Release date: July 1, 1997
ABBR World Family Tree Vol. 11, Ed. 1
Customer pedigree.
Source Media Type: Family Archive CD
PAGE Tree #3804
DATA
TEXT Date of Import: 18 Dez 1998
REPO @REPO80@
TITL World Family Tree Vol. 11, Ed. 1
AUTH Brøderbund Software, Inc.
PUBL Release date: July 1, 1997
ABBR World Family Tree Vol. 11, Ed. 1
Customer pedigree.
Source Media Type: Family Archive CD
PAGE Tree #3804
DATA
TEXT Date of Import: 18 Dez 1998
DATE 9 SEP 2000
TIME 13:17:36

Irene utøvet stor innflytelse, da hennes svigermor trakk seg tilbake. I 1118 søkte hun å
bringe sin ærgjerige datter, Anna Komnenas, mann Nikeforos, på tronen i stedet for sin sønn
Johannes. Dette strandet imidlertid på motstand fra Alexios, noe som fikk henne til å trekke seg
tilbake til klosteret ?Vierge Plaine de Grâce? som hun hadde stiftet.
Hennes ekteskap var helt politisk. Hun var mor til tre sønner, Johannes II, Andronikos
og Isak, og fire dødre, Anna, Maria, Eudoxia og Theodora.

Irene Ducaena
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Irene Ducaena (1066 – February 19, 1133) was the wife of Byzantine emperor Alexius I Comnenus, and the mother of the emperor John II Comnenus and the historian Anna Comnena.

Contents [hide]
1 Succession of Alexius and Irene
2 Character
3 Death of Alexius
4 Children
5 Sources

[edit]
Succession of Alexius and Irene
Irene was born in 1066 to Andronicus Ducas and Maria of Bulgaria. Andronicus was a nephew of Emperor Constantine X and a cousin of Michael VII. Irene married Alexius in 1078, when she was still eleven years old. For this reason the Ducas family supported Alexius in 1081 when a struggle for the throne erupted after the abdication of Nicephorus III. Alexius' mother, Anna Dalassena, a lifelong enemy of the Ducas family, pressured her son to divorce the young Irene and marry Maria Bagrationi, the former wife of both Michael VII and Nicephorus III. Irene was in fact barred from the coronation ceremony, but the Ducas family convinced the Patriarch of Constantinople, Cosmas I, to crown her as well, which he did one week later. Anna Dalassena consented to this only by forcing Cosmas to resign immediately afterwards; he was succeeded by Eustathius Garidas. Anna continued to live in the imperial palace and meddle in Alexius' affairs until her death 20 years later; Maria Bagrationi may have also lived in the palace, and there were rumours that Alexius carried on an affair with her. Anna Comnena vociferously denied this, although she herself was not born until December 1, 1083, two years later.

[edit]
Character
Anna may have been whitewashing her family history; she has nothing but praise for both of her parents. She describes her mother in great detail:

"She stood upright like some young sapling, erect and evergreen, all her limbs and the other parts of her body absolutely symmetrical and in harmony one with another. With her lovely appearance and charming voice she never ceased to fascinate all who saw and heard her. Her face shone with the soft light of the moon; it was not the completely round face of an Assyrian woman, nor long, like the face of a Scyth, but just slightly oval in shape. There were rose blossoms on her cheeks, visible a long way off. Her light-blue eyes were both gay and stern: their charm and beauty attracted, but the fear they caused so dazzled the bystander that he could neither look nor turn away...Generally she accompanied her words with graceful gestures, her hands bare to the wrists, and you would say it was ivory turned by some craftsman into the form of fingers and hand. The pupils of her eyes, with the brilliant blue of deep waves, recalled a calm, still sea, while the white surrounding them shone by contrast, so that the whole eye acquired a peculiar lustre and a charm which was inexpressible."

It "would not have been so very inappropriate," Anna writes, to say that Irene was "Athena made manifest to the human race, or that she had descended suddenly from the sky in some heavenly glory and unapproachable splendour."

Irene was shy and preferred not to appear in public, although she was forceful and severe when acting officially as basilissa. She preferred to perform her household duties, and enjoyed reading hagiographic literature and making charitable donations to monks and beggars. Although Alexius may have had Maria as a mistress early in his reign, during the later part of his reign he and Irene were genuinely in love (at least according to their daughter Anna). Irene often accompanied him on his expeditions, including the expedition against Bohemund I of Antioch in 1107 and to the Chersonese in 1112. On these campaigns she acted as a nurse for her husband when he was afflicted with gout in his feet. According to Anna she also acted as a sort of guard, as there were constant conspiracies against Alexius. When she remained behind in Constantinople, she acted as regent, with Nicephorus Bryennius, Anna's husband, as a counselor.

[edit]
Death of Alexius
Irene frequently suggested that Alexius name Nicephorus and Anna as his heirs, over their own younger son John. According to Nicetas Choniates, who depicts her more as a nagging shrew than a loving wife, she "...threw her full influence on the side of her daughter Anna and lost no opportunity to calumniate their son John...mocking him as rash, pleasure-loving, and weak in character." Alexius, preferring to create a stable dynasty through his own son, either ignored her, pretended to be busy with other matters, or, at last, lost his temper and chastized her for suggesting such things.

Irene nursed Alexius on his deathbed on 1118, while at the same time still scheming to have Nicephorus and Anna succeed him. Alexius had already promised the throne to John, and when John took his father's signet ring Irene accused him of treachery and theft. When Alexius finally died, she felt genuine grief, and wore the mourning clothes of her daughter Eudocia, whose own husband had died previously. However, she soon conspired with Anna and Nicephorus against John, but their plots were unsuccessful and both Irene and Anna were then forced into exile at the monastery of Kecharitomene, which Irene had founded a few years previously. It was not a harsh exile, and Irene lived there in peace, distributing food to the poor and educating young orphan girls.

[edit]
Children
Irene died on February 19, in either 1123 or 1133, most likely the latter. With Alexius she had seven children:

Anna Comnena (1083-1153)
Maria Comnena
John II Comnenus (1087-1143)
Andronicus Comnenus
Isaac Comnenus
Eudocia Comnenus
Theodora Comnenus

Sources
Anna Comnena, The Alexiad, trans. E.R.A. Sewter. Penguin Books, 1969.
Nicetas Choniates, O City of Byzantium: Annals of Niketas Choniates, trans. Harry J. Magoulias. Wayne State University Press, 1984.
Georgina Buckler, Anna Comnena: A Study. Oxford University Press, 1929.
Thalia Goumia-Peterson, "Gender and Power: Passages to the Maternal in Anna Komnene's Alexiad", in Anna Komnene and Her Times, ed. Thalia Goumia-Peterson. Garland Publishing, 2000.
Warren Treadgold, A History of the Byzantine State and Society. Stanford University Press, 1997.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Eirene Doukaina, basilissa Rhomaiôn
b. 1066, d. 19 February 1127, #5631
Pedigree
Described by her daughter, Anna, in her Alexiad thusly: "She was just like some young, ever-blooming plant, all her limbs and features were perfectly symmetrical, each being broad or narrow in due proportion. She was so charming to look at as well as listen to that eyes and ears seemed unable to get their fill of seeing and hearing. Her face too shone with the soft glamour of the moon, it was not fashioned in a perfect circle like the faces of the Assyrian women, nor again was it very long like those of the Scythians, but it was just slightly modified from a perfect round. And the bloom of her cheeks was such that their rosy hue was visible even to those who stool afar off. Her eyes were blue, yet in spite of their gaiety, they were somewhat awe-inspiring, so that though by their gladness and beauty they attracted the eyes of all beholders, yet these felt constrained to close their eyes so that they knew neither how to resist looking at her nor how to look."1 Eirene Doukaina, basilissa Rhomaiôn was the little daughter of Andronicus, the eldest son of the Caesar, and of illustrious lineage, for she traced her descent from the famous houses of Andronicus and Constantine Ducas.1 She was born in 1066. She was the daughter of Andronikos Doukas and Marija Kometopoulos.2,3 She married Alexios I Komnenos, basileus Rhomaiôn, son of domestikos ton scholon Ioannes I Komnenos and Anna Dalassena, in 1078; His 2nd.3,2,4 She died on 19 February 1127 at age 61 years. Died a nun.

Children of Eirene Doukaina, basilissa Rhomaiôn and Alexios I Komnenos, basileus Rhomaiôn:
Barbara Komnene b. c 1080
Anna Komnene+ b. 1 Dec 1083, d. a 1148
Ioannes II Kaloiannis Komnenos, basileus Rhomaiôn+ b. 13 Sep 1087, d. 8 Apr 1143
Theodora Komnene+ b. c 1090
sebastokrator Isaakios Komnenos+ b. a 1 Jan 1093, d. 1175

[S1274] Anna Komnene, The Alexiad, before 1148, Elizabeth A. Dawes, translator (London, Routledge, Kegan, Paul, 1928), Book 3, III. Hereinafter cited as Alexiad.
[S269] C. W. Previté-Orton The Shorter Cambridge Medieval History, Volume 1, the Later Roman Empire to the Twelfth Century, 1 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1978), pg. 536, genealogy table 15, (a) the House of Ducas and Comnenus.. Hereinafter cited as sCMH I.
[S25] J. M. Hussey, editor, The Cambridge Medieval History, Volume IV The Byzantine Empire, Part 1 Byzantium and Its Neighbours (Bentley House, 200 Euston Road, London: The Syndics of the Cambridge University Press, 1966), pg. 793. Hereinafter cited as Cambridge Medieval History, Vol 4, Part 1.
[S862] Various Encyclopædia Britannica 2001 Standard Edition CD-ROM (U.S.A.: Britannica.com Inc.
, 1994-2000), Alexius I Comnenus (Byz. emp.) . Hereinafter cited as EB CD 2001.

After her husband became favored, discord erupted between her and her mother-in-law, Anna, who urged her son to divorce Irene to win over the faction that had gathered around Maria and her little son, consequently, her husband was crowned alone. His personal sentiments were with Constantine, but to divorce and exclude her required the cooperation of the Patriarch Cosmas, the representative of the Ducas faction, who refused either to collaborate or resign, so Alexius followed the path of political expediency and had her crowned Empress.
In an attempt to gain the throne for Anna, her favorite, she tried to induce her husband to degrade John and name Anna's husband Emperor.

Irene Doukaina or Ducaena (Greek: ?????? ????a??a, Eirene Doukaina) (c. 1066 - February 19, 1123 or 1133) was the wife de the Byzantine emperor Alexios I Komnenos, and the mother de the emperor John II Komnenos and de the historian Anna Komnene.

Irene was the wife of the Byzantine emperor Alexius I Comnenus, known from the description of her in the Alexiad of their daughter Anna Comnena. When Alexius became emperor in April 1081 he reportedly planned to repudiate Irene and wed Mary, who had been married to the former emperors Michael VII Ducas and Nicephorus III Botaneiates. It was probably fortunate for Alexius that his plan was foiled, for his repudiation of his wife would have incurred the enmity of the powerful Ducas family. Irene was crowned on April 11, 1081, seven days after her husband. In violation of the rights of John, the eldest son of Alexius and Irene, the Empress supported the attempts of her daughter Anna to secure the throne for her second husband, Nicephorus Bryennius. Shortly before his death, the Emperor, aware of the intrigues of his wife and daughter, ordered John to proclaim himself emperor. John had himself crowned in the church of Hagia Sophia and then, with his supporters, occupied the heavily fortified Sacred Palace. Alexius died in August 1118, and Irene, frustrated in her attempts to deprive John of the throne, retired to a monastery that she had previously founded in Constantinople. The Ducas (also spelled Dukas or Doukas) were a Byzantine family that supplied several rulers to the empire. So much prestige was attached to the Ducas name that many later rulers tried to add it to their own. Irene. Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved June 27, 2003, from Encyclopædia Britannica Premium Service.

(ref: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irene_Ducaena) Irene Doukaina or Du caena (Greek: Eirene Doukaina) (c. 1066 - February 19, 1123 or 1133) w as the wife of the Byzantine emperor Alexios I Komnenos, and the mothe r of the emperor John II Komnenos and of the historian Anna Komnene.

Irene was born in 1066 to Andronikos Doukas and Maria of Bulgaria, gra nddaughter of Ivan Vladislav of Bulgaria. Andronikos was a nephew of E mperor Constantine X and a cousin of Michael VII. Irene married Alexio s in 1078, when she was still eleven years old. For this reason the Do ukas family supported Alexios in 1081, when a struggle for the thronee rupted after the abdication of Nikephoros III Botaneiates. Alexios' mo ther, Anna Dalassene, a lifelong enemy of the Doukas family, pressure d her son to divorce the young Irene and marry Maria of Alania, the fo rmer wife of both Michael VII and Nikephoros III. Irene was in fact ba rred from the coronation ceremony, but the Doukas family convinced th e Patriarch of Constantinople, Kosmas I, to crown her as well, which h e did one week later. Anna Dalassene consented to this but forced Cosm as to resign immediately afterwards; he was succeeded by Eustathios Ga ridas. Anna continued to live in the imperial palace and to meddle inA lexios' affairs until her death 20 years later; Maria of Alania may ha ve also lived in the palace, and there were rumours that Alexios carri ed on an affair with her. Anna Komnene vociferously denied this, altho ugh she herself was not born until December 1, 1083, two years later . Anna may have been whitewashing her family history; she has nothin g but praise for both of her parents. She describes her mother in grea t detail:

"She stood upright like some young sapling, erect and evergreen, all h er limbs and the other parts of her body absolutely symmetrical and i n harmony one with another. With her lovely appearance and charming vo ice she never ceased to fascinate all who saw and heard her. Her faces hone with the soft light of the moon; it was not the completely round face of an Assyrian woman, nor long, like the face of a Scyth, but jus t slightly oval in shape. There were rose blossoms on her cheeks, visi ble a long way off. Her light-blue eyes were both gay and stern: thei r charm and beauty attracted, but the fear they caused so dazzled the bystander that he could neither look nor turn away...Generally she acc ompanied her words with graceful gestures, her hands bare to the wrist s, and you would say it was ivory turned by some craftsman into thefor m of fingers and hand. The pupils of her eyes, with the brilliant blu e of deep waves, recalled a calm, still sea, while the white surroundi ng them shone by contrast, so that the whole eye acquired a peculiar l ustre and a charm which was inexpressible." It "would not have been s o very inappropriate," Anna writes, to say that Irene was "Athena mad e manifest to the human race, or that she had descended suddenly from the sky in some heavenly glory and unapproachable splendour."

Irene was shy and preferred not to appear in public, although she wasf orceful and severe when acting officially as empress (basilissa). She preferred to perform her household duties, and enjoyed reading hagiogr aphic literature and making charitable donations to monks and beggars . Although Alexios may have had Maria as a mistress early in his reign , during the later part of his reign he and Irene were genuinely in lo ve (at least according to their daughter Anna). Irene often accompanie d him on his expeditions, including the expedition against Prince Bohe mund I of Antioch in 1107 and to the Chersonese in 1112. On these camp aigns she acted as a nurse for her husband when he was afflicted with gout in his feet. According to Anna she also acted as a sort of guard , as there were constant conspiracies against Alexios. Alexios' insist ance that Irene accompnay him on campaigns may suggest that he did no t fully trust her enough to leave her in the capital. When she did rem ain behind in Constantinople, she acted as regent, together with Nikep horos Bryennios, Anna's husband, as a counselor.

Irene frequently suggested that Alexios name Nikephoros and Anna as hi s heirs, over their own younger son John. According to Niketas Choniat es, who depicts her more as a nagging shrew than a loving wife, she ". ..threw her full influence on the side of her daughter Anna and lost n o opportunity to calumniate their son John... mocking him as rash, ple asure-loving, and weak in character." Alexios, preferring to create as table dynasty through his own son, either ignored her, pretended to b e busy with other matters, or, at last, lost his temper and chastizedh er for suggesting such things.

Irene nursed Alexios on his deathbed on 1118, while at the same time s till scheming to have Nikephoros and Anna succeed him. Alexios had alr eady promised the throne to John, and when John took his father's sign et ring Irene accused him of treachery and theft. When Alexios finall y died, she felt genuine grief, and wore the mourning clothes of her d aughter Eudokia, whose own husband had died previously. However, she s oon conspired with Anna against John, but their plots were unsuccessfu l and both Irene and Anna were then forced into exile at the monaster y of Kecharitomene, which Irene had founded a few years previously. I t was not a harsh exile, and Irene lived there in peace, distributingf ood to the poor and educating young orphan girls. Irene may have inspi red the history written by her son-in-law Nikephoros Bryennios and cor responded with or patronized several important literary figures, inclu ding Theophylact of Ohrid and Michael Italikos.

GIVN Irini
SURN Dukaina
REPO @REPO80@
TITL World Family Tree Vol. 11, Ed. 1
AUTH Brøderbund Software, Inc.
PUBL Release date: July 1, 1997
ABBR World Family Tree Vol. 11, Ed. 1
Customer pedigree.
Source Media Type: Family Archive CD
PAGE Tree #3804
DATA
TEXT Date of Import: 18 Dez 1998
REPO @REPO80@
TITL World Family Tree Vol. 11, Ed. 1
AUTH Brøderbund Software, Inc.
PUBL Release date: July 1, 1997
ABBR World Family Tree Vol. 11, Ed. 1
Customer pedigree.
Source Media Type: Family Archive CD
PAGE Tree #3804
DATA
TEXT Date of Import: 18 Dez 1998
REPO @REPO80@
TITL World Family Tree Vol. 11, Ed. 1
AUTH Brøderbund Software, Inc.
PUBL Release date: July 1, 1997
ABBR World Family Tree Vol. 11, Ed. 1
Customer pedigree.
Source Media Type: Family Archive CD
PAGE Tree #3804
DATA
TEXT Date of Import: 18 Dez 1998
DATE 9 SEP 2000
TIME 13:17:36

[Jeremiah Brown.FTW]

[from Rootsweb jerryc490 database]

Irene, in full IRENE DUCAS (b. c. 1066--d. 1120, Constantinople), wife of the Byzantine emperor Alexius I Comnenus, known from the description of her in the Alexiad of their daughter Anna Comnena.

When Alexius became emperor in April 1081 he reportedly planned to repudiate Irene and wed Mary, who had been married to the former emperors Michael VII Ducas and Nicephorus III Botaneiates. It was probably fortunate for Alexius that his plan was foiled, for his repudiation of his wife would have incurred the enmity of the powerful Ducas family. Irene was crowned on April 11, 1081, seven days after her husband.

In violation of the rights of John, the eldest son of Alexius and Irene, the Empress supported the attempts of her daughter Anna to secure the throne for her second husband, Nicephorus Bryennius. Shortly before his death, the Emperor, aware of the intrigues of his wife and daughter, ordered John to proclaim himself emperor. John had himself crowned in the church of Hagia Sophia and then, with his supporters, occupied the heavily fortified Sacred Palace. Alexius died in August 1118, and Irene, frustrated in her attempts to deprive John of the throne, retired to a monastery that she had previously founded in Constantinople. [Encyclopaedia Britannica CD '97, DUKAS, Irene]

{geni:about_me} [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irene_Doukaina '''Irene Doukaina''']

Irene Doukaina or Ducaena (Greek: Ειρήνη Δούκαινα, Eirēnē Doukaina) (c. 1066 – February 19, 1123 or 1133) was the wife of the Byzantine emperor Alexios I Komnenos, and the mother of the emperor John II Komnenos and of the historian Anna Komnene.

Contents
1 Succession of Alexios and Irene
2 Character
3 Death of Alexios
4 Children
5 Sources

Succession of Alexios and Irene
Irene was born in 1066 to Andronikos Doukas and Maria of Bulgaria, granddaughter of Ivan Vladislav of Bulgaria. Andronikos was a nephew of Emperor Constantine X and a cousin of Michael VII.

Irene married Alexios in 1078, when she was still eleven years old. For this reason the Doukas family supported Alexios in 1081, when a struggle for the throne erupted after the abdication of Nikephoros III Botaneiates. Alexios' mother, Anna Dalassene, a lifelong enemy of the Doukas family, pressured her son to divorce the young Irene and marry Maria of Alania, the former wife of both Michael VII and Nikephoros III. Irene was in fact barred from the coronation ceremony, but the Doukas family convinced the Patriarch of Constantinople, Kosmas I, to crown her as well, which he did one week later. Anna Dalassene consented to this but forced Cosmas to resign immediately afterwards; he was succeeded by Eustathios Garidas.

Alexios' mother Anna continued to live in the imperial palace and to meddle in in her son's affairs until her death 20 years later; Maria of Alania may have also lived in the palace, and there were rumours that Alexios carried on an affair with her. Anna Komnene vociferously denied this, although she herself was not born until December 1, 1083, two years later.

Character
Anna may have been whitewashing her family history; she has nothing but praise for both of her parents. She describes her mother in great detail:

"She stood upright like some young sapling, erect and evergreen, all her limbs and the other parts of her body absolutely symmetrical and in harmony one with another. With her lovely appearance and charming voice she never ceased to fascinate all who saw and heard her. Her face shone with the soft light of the moon; it was not the completely round face of an Assyrian woman, nor long, like the face of a Scyth, but just slightly oval in shape. There were rose blossoms on her cheeks, visible a long way off. Her light-blue eyes were both gay and stern: their charm and beauty attracted, but the fear they caused so dazzled the bystander that he could neither look nor turn away...Generally she accompanied her words with graceful gestures, her hands bare to the wrists, and you would say it was ivory turned by some craftsman into the form of fingers and hand. The pupils of her eyes, with the brilliant blue of deep waves, recalled a calm, still sea, while the white surrounding them shone by contrast, so that the whole eye acquired a peculiar lustre and a charm which was inexpressible."

It "would not have been so very inappropriate," Anna writes, to say that Irene was "Athena made manifest to the human race, or that she had descended suddenly from the sky in some heavenly glory and unapproachable splendour."

Irene was shy and preferred not to appear in public, although she was forceful and severe when acting officially as empress (basileia). She preferred to perform her household duties, and enjoyed reading hagiographic literature and making charitable donations to monks and beggars. Although Alexios may have had Maria as a mistress early in his reign, during the later part of his reign he and Irene were genuinely in love (at least according to their daughter Anna). Irene often accompanied him on his expeditions, including the expedition against Prince Bohemund I of Antioch in 1107 and to the Chersonese in 1112. On these campaigns she acted as a nurse for her husband when he was afflicted with gout in his feet. According to Anna she also acted as a sort of guard, as there were constant conspiracies against Alexios. Alexios' insistence that Irene accompnay him on campaigns may suggest that he did not fully trust her enough to leave her in the capital. When she did remain behind in Constantinople, she acted as regent, together with Nikephoros Bryennios, Anna's husband, as a counselor.

Death of Alexios
Irene frequently suggested that Alexios name Nikephoros and Anna as his heirs, over their own younger son John. According to Niketas Choniates, who depicts her more as a nagging shrew than a loving wife, she "...threw her full influence on the side of her daughter Anna and lost no opportunity to calumniate their son John... mocking him as rash, pleasure-loving, and weak in character." Alexios, preferring to create a stable dynasty through his own son, either ignored her, pretended to be busy with other matters, or, at last, lost his temper and chastized her for suggesting such things.

Irene nursed Alexios on his deathbed on 1118, while at the same time still scheming to have Nikephoros and Anna succeed him. Alexios had already promised the throne to John, and when John took his father's signet ring Irene accused him of treachery and theft. When Alexios finally died, she felt genuine grief, and wore the mourning clothes of her daughter Eudokia, whose own husband had died previously. However, she soon conspired with Anna against John, but their plots were unsuccessful and both Irene and Anna were then forced into exile at the monastery of Kecharitomene, which Irene had founded a few years previously. It was not a harsh exile, and Irene lived there in peace, distributing food to the poor and educating young orphan girls. Irene may have inspired the history written by her son-in-law Nikephoros Bryennios and corresponded with or patronized several important literary figures, including Theophylact of Ohrid and Michael Italikos.

=== Children===

Irene died on February 19, in either 1123 or 1133, most likely the latter. With Alexios I Komnenos she had nine children:

# Anna Komnene (1083-1153)

# Maria Komnene

# John II Komnenos (1087-1143)

# Andronikos Komnenos

# Isaac Komnenos

# Eudokia Komnene

# Theodora Komnene, who married Constantine Angelos. Among their children were John Doukas (who took his grandmother's surname) and Andronikos Angelos, father of the emperors Alexios III Angelos and Isaac II Angelos.

# Manuel Komnenos

# Zoe Komnene

Irene Doukaina
Doukas
Born: c. 1066 Died: 1112/1133
Royal titles
Preceded by
Maria of Alania Byzantine Empress consort
1081–1118 Succeeded by
Piroska of Hungary

--------------------
Irene Doukaina
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Irene Doukaina or Ducaena (Greek: Ειρήνη Δούκαινα, Eirēnē Doukaina) (c. 1066 – February 19, 1123 or 1133) was the wife of the Byzantine emperor Alexios I Komnenos, and the mother of the emperor John II Komnenos and of the historian Anna Komnene.

Succession of Alexios and Irene

Irene was born in 1066 to Andronikos Doukas and Maria of Bulgaria, granddaughter of Ivan Vladislav of Bulgaria. Andronikos was a nephew of Emperor Constantine X and a cousin of Michael VII.
Irene married Alexios in 1078, when she was still eleven years old. For this reason the Doukas family supported Alexios in 1081, when a struggle for the throne erupted after the abdication of Nikephoros III Botaneiates. Alexios' mother, Anna Dalassene, a lifelong enemy of the Doukas family, pressured her son to divorce the young Irene and marry Maria of Alania, the former wife of both Michael VII and Nikephoros III. Irene was in fact barred from the coronation ceremony, but the Doukas family convinced the Patriarch of Constantinople, Kosmas I, to crown her as well, which he did one week later. Anna Dalassene consented to this but forced Cosmas to resign immediately afterwards; he was succeeded by Eustathios Garidas.
Alexios' mother Anna continued to live in the imperial palace and to meddle in in her son's affairs until her death 20 years later; Maria of Alania may have also lived in the palace, and there were rumours that Alexios carried on an affair with her. Anna Komnene vociferously denied this, although she herself was not born until December 1, 1083, two years later.
[edit]Character

Anna may have been whitewashing her family history; she has nothing but praise for both of her parents. She describes her mother in great detail:
"She stood upright like some young sapling, erect and evergreen, all her limbs and the other parts of her body absolutely symmetrical and in harmony one with another. With her lovely appearance and charming voice she never ceased to fascinate all who saw and heard her. Her face shone with the soft light of the moon; it was not the completely round face of an Assyrian woman, nor long, like the face of a Scyth, but just slightly oval in shape. There were rose blossoms on her cheeks, visible a long way off. Her light-blue eyes were both gay and stern: their charm and beauty attracted, but the fear they caused so dazzled the bystander that he could neither look nor turn away...Generally she accompanied her words with graceful gestures, her hands bare to the wrists, and you would say it was ivory turned by some craftsman into the form of fingers and hand. The pupils of her eyes, with the brilliant blue of deep waves, recalled a calm, still sea, while the white surrounding them shone by contrast, so that the whole eye acquired a peculiar lustre and a charm which was inexpressible."
It "would not have been so very inappropriate," Anna writes, to say that Irene was "Athena made manifest to the human race, or that she had descended suddenly from the sky in some heavenly glory and unapproachable splendour."
Irene was shy and preferred not to appear in public, although she was forceful and severe when acting officially as empress (basileia). She preferred to perform her household duties, and enjoyed reading hagiographic literature and making charitable donations to monks and beggars. Although Alexios may have had Maria as a mistress early in his reign, during the later part of his reign he and Irene were genuinely in love (at least according to their daughter Anna). Irene often accompanied him on his expeditions, including the expedition against Prince Bohemund I of Antioch in 1107 and to the Chersonese in 1112. On these campaigns she acted as a nurse for her husband when he was afflicted with gout in his feet. According to Anna she also acted as a sort of guard, as there were constant conspiracies against Alexios. Alexios' insistence that Irene accompnay him on campaigns may suggest that he did not fully trust her enough to leave her in the capital. When she did remain behind in Constantinople, she acted as regent, together with Nikephoros Bryennios, Anna's husband, as a counselor.
[edit]Death of Alexios

Irene frequently suggested that Alexios name Nikephoros and Anna as his heirs, over their own younger son John. According to Niketas Choniates, who depicts her more as a nagging shrew than a loving wife, she "...threw her full influence on the side of her daughter Anna and lost no opportunity to calumniate their son John... mocking him as rash, pleasure-loving, and weak in character." Alexios, preferring to create a stable dynasty through his own son, either ignored her, pretended to be busy with other matters, or, at last, lost his temper and chastized her for suggesting such things.
Irene nursed Alexios on his deathbed on 1118, while at the same time still scheming to have Nikephoros and Anna succeed him. Alexios had already promised the throne to John, and when John took his father's signet ring Irene accused him of treachery and theft. When Alexios finally died, she felt genuine grief, and wore the mourning clothes of her daughter Eudokia, whose own husband had died previously. However, she soon conspired with Anna against John, but their plots were unsuccessful and both Irene and Anna were then forced into exile at the monastery of Kecharitomene, which Irene had founded a few years previously. It was not a harsh exile, and Irene lived there in peace, distributing food to the poor and educating young orphan girls. Irene may have inspired the history written by her son-in-law Nikephoros Bryennios and corresponded with or patronized several important literary figures, including Theophylact of Ohrid and Michael Italikos.
[edit]Children

Irene died on February 19, in either 1123 or 1133, most likely the latter. With Alexios I Komnenos she had nine children:
# Anna Komnene (1083-1153)
# Maria Komnene
# John II Komnenos (1087-1143)
# Andronikos Komnenos
# Isaac Komnenos
# Eudokia Komnene
# Theodora Komnene, who married Constantine Angelos. Among their children were John Doukas (who took his grandmother's surname) and Andronikos Angelos, father of the emperors Alexios III Angelos and Isaac II Angelos.
# Manuel Komnenos
# Zoe Komnene

--------------------
Irene Doukaina or Ducaena (Greek: Ειρήνη Δούκαινα, Eirēnē Doukaina) (c. 1066 – February 19, 1123 or 1133) was the wife of the Byzantine emperor Alexios I Komnenos, and the mother of the emperor John II Komnenos and of the historian Anna Komnene.
Contents [hide]
1 Succession of Alexios and Irene
2 Character
3 Death of Alexios
4 Children
5 Sources
[edit]Succession of Alexios and Irene

Irene was born in 1066 to Andronikos Doukas and Maria of Bulgaria, granddaughter of Ivan Vladislav of Bulgaria. Andronikos was a nephew of Emperor Constantine X and a cousin of Michael VII.
Irene married Alexios in 1078, when she was still eleven years old. For this reason the Doukas family supported Alexios in 1081, when a struggle for the throne erupted after the abdication of Nikephoros III Botaneiates. Alexios' mother, Anna Dalassene, a lifelong enemy of the Doukas family, pressured her son to divorce the young Irene and marry Maria of Alania, the former wife of both Michael VII and Nikephoros III. Irene was in fact barred from the coronation ceremony, but the Doukas family convinced the Patriarch of Constantinople, Kosmas I, to crown her as well, which he did one week later. Anna Dalassene consented to this but forced Cosmas to resign immediately afterwards; he was succeeded by Eustathios Garidas.
Alexios' mother Anna continued to live in the imperial palace and to meddle in in her son's affairs until her death 20 years later; Maria of Alania may have also lived in the palace, and there were rumours that Alexios carried on an affair with her. Anna Komnene vociferously denied this, although she herself was not born until December 1, 1083, two years later.
[edit]Character

Anna may have been whitewashing her family history; she has nothing but praise for both of her parents. She describes her mother in great detail:
"She stood upright like some young sapling, erect and evergreen, all her limbs and the other parts of her body absolutely symmetrical and in harmony one with another. With her lovely appearance and charming voice she never ceased to fascinate all who saw and heard her. Her face shone with the soft light of the moon; it was not the completely round face of an Assyrian woman, nor long, like the face of a Scyth, but just slightly oval in shape. There were rose blossoms on her cheeks, visible a long way off. Her light-blue eyes were both gay and stern: their charm and beauty attracted, but the fear they caused so dazzled the bystander that he could neither look nor turn away...Generally she accompanied her words with graceful gestures, her hands bare to the wrists, and you would say it was ivory turned by some craftsman into the form of fingers and hand. The pupils of her eyes, with the brilliant blue of deep waves, recalled a calm, still sea, while the white surrounding them shone by contrast, so that the whole eye acquired a peculiar lustre and a charm which was inexpressible."
It "would not have been so very inappropriate," Anna writes, to say that Irene was "Athena made manifest to the human race, or that she had descended suddenly from the sky in some heavenly glory and unapproachable splendour."
Irene was shy and preferred not to appear in public, although she was forceful and severe when acting officially as empress (basileia). She preferred to perform her household duties, and enjoyed reading hagiographic literature and making charitable donations to monks and beggars. Although Alexios may have had Maria as a mistress early in his reign, during the later part of his reign he and Irene were genuinely in love (at least according to their daughter Anna). Irene often accompanied him on his expeditions, including the expedition against Prince Bohemund I of Antioch in 1107 and to the Chersonese in 1112. On these campaigns she acted as a nurse for her husband when he was afflicted with gout in his feet. According to Anna she also acted as a sort of guard, as there were constant conspiracies against Alexios. Alexios' insistence that Irene accompany him on campaigns may suggest that he did not fully trust her enough to leave her in the capital. When she did remain behind in Constantinople, she acted as regent, together with Nikephoros Bryennios, Anna's husband, as a counselor.
[edit]Death of Alexios

Irene frequently suggested that Alexios name Nikephoros and Anna as his heirs, over their own younger son John. According to Niketas Choniates, who depicts her more as a nagging shrew than a loving wife, she "...threw her full influence on the side of her daughter Anna and lost no opportunity to calumniate their son John... mocking him as rash, pleasure-loving, and weak in character." Alexios, preferring to create a stable dynasty through his own son, either ignored her, pretended to be busy with other matters, or, at last, lost his temper and chastized her for suggesting such things.
Irene nursed Alexios on his deathbed on 1118, while at the same time still scheming to have Nikephoros and Anna succeed him. Alexios had already promised the throne to John, and when John took his father's signet ring Irene accused him of treachery and theft. When Alexios finally died, she felt genuine grief, and wore the mourning clothes of her daughter Eudokia, whose own husband had died previously. However, she soon conspired with Anna against John, but their plots were unsuccessful and both Irene and Anna were then forced into exile at the monastery of Kecharitomene, which Irene had founded a few years previously. It was not a harsh exile, and Irene lived there in peace, distributing food to the poor and educating young orphan girls. Irene may have inspired the history written by her son-in-law Nikephoros Bryennios and corresponded with or patronized several important literary figures, including Theophylact of Ohrid and Michael Italikos.
[edit]Children

Irene died on February 19, in either 1123 or 1133, most likely the latter. With Alexios I Komnenos she had nine children:
Anna Komnene (1083-1153)
Maria Komnene
John II Komnenos (1087-1143)
Andronikos Komnenos
Isaac Komnenos
Eudokia Komnene
Theodora Komnene, who married Constantine Angelos. Among their children were John Doukas (who took his grandmother's surname) and Andronikos Angelos, father of the emperors Alexios III Angelos and Isaac II Angelos.
Manuel Komnenos
Zoe Komnene

--------------------
Irene Doukaina or Ducaena (Greek: Ειρήνη Δούκαινα, Eirēnē Doukaina) (c. 1066 – February 19, 1123 or 1133) was the wife of the Byzantine emperor Alexios I Komnenos, and the mother of the emperor John II Komnenos and of the historian Anna Komnene.

Succession of Alexios and Irene
Irene was born in 1066 to Andronikos Doukas and Maria of Bulgaria, granddaughter of Ivan Vladislav of Bulgaria. Andronikos was a nephew of Emperor Constantine X and a cousin of Michael VII.

Irene married Alexios in 1078, when she was still eleven years old. For this reason the Doukas family supported Alexios in 1081, when a struggle for the throne erupted after the abdication of Nikephoros III Botaneiates. Alexios' mother, Anna Dalassene, a lifelong enemy of the Doukas family, pressured her son to divorce the young Irene and marry Maria of Alania, the former wife of both Michael VII and Nikephoros III. Irene was in fact barred from the coronation ceremony, but the Doukas family convinced the Patriarch of Constantinople, Kosmas I, to crown her as well, which he did one week later. Anna Dalassene consented to this but forced Cosmas to resign immediately afterwards; he was succeeded by Eustathios Garidas.

Alexios' mother Anna continued to live in the imperial palace and to meddle in in her son's affairs until her death 20 years later; Maria of Alania may have also lived in the palace, and there were rumours that Alexios carried on an affair with her. Anna Komnene vociferously denied this, although she herself was not born until December 1, 1083, two years later.

[Character
Anna may have been whitewashing her family history; she has nothing but praise for both of her parents. She describes her mother in great detail:

"She stood upright like some young sapling, erect and evergreen, all her limbs and the other parts of her body absolutely symmetrical and in harmony one with another. With her lovely appearance and charming voice she never ceased to fascinate all who saw and heard her. Her face shone with the soft light of the moon; it was not the completely round face of an Assyrian woman, nor long, like the face of a Scyth, but just slightly oval in shape. There were rose blossoms on her cheeks, visible a long way off. Her light-blue eyes were both gay and stern: their charm and beauty attracted, but the fear they caused so dazzled the bystander that he could neither look nor turn away...Generally she accompanied her words with graceful gestures, her hands bare to the wrists, and you would say it was ivory turned by some craftsman into the form of fingers and hand. The pupils of her eyes, with the brilliant blue of deep waves, recalled a calm, still sea, while the white surrounding them shone by contrast, so that the whole eye acquired a peculiar lustre and a charm which was inexpressible."

It "would not have been so very inappropriate," Anna writes, to say that Irene was "Athena made manifest to the human race, or that she had descended suddenly from the sky in some heavenly glory and unapproachable splendour."

Irene was shy and preferred not to appear in public, although she was forceful and severe when acting officially as empress (basileia). She preferred to perform her household duties, and enjoyed reading hagiographic literature and making charitable donations to monks and beggars. Although Alexios may have had Maria as a mistress early in his reign, during the later part of his reign he and Irene were genuinely in love (at least according to their daughter Anna). Irene often accompanied him on his expeditions, including the expedition against Prince Bohemund I of Antioch in 1107 and to the Chersonese in 1112. On these campaigns she acted as a nurse for her husband when he was afflicted with gout in his feet. According to Anna she also acted as a sort of guard, as there were constant conspiracies against Alexios. Alexios' insistence that Irene accompany him on campaigns may suggest that he did not fully trust her enough to leave her in the capital. When she did remain behind in Constantinople, she acted as regent, together with Nikephoros Bryennios, Anna's husband, as a counselor.

Death of Alexios
Irene frequently suggested that Alexios name Nikephoros and Anna as his heirs, over their own younger son John. According to Niketas Choniates, who depicts her more as a nagging shrew than a loving wife, she "...threw her full influence on the side of her daughter Anna and lost no opportunity to calumniate their son John... mocking him as rash, pleasure-loving, and weak in character." Alexios, preferring to create a stable dynasty through his own son, either ignored her, pretended to be busy with other matters, or, at last, lost his temper and chastized her for suggesting such things.

Irene nursed Alexios on his deathbed on 1118, while at the same time still scheming to have Nikephoros and Anna succeed him. Alexios had already promised the throne to John, and when John took his father's signet ring Irene accused him of treachery and theft. When Alexios finally died, she felt genuine grief, and wore the mourning clothes of her daughter Eudokia, whose own husband had died previously. However, she soon conspired with Anna against John, but their plots were unsuccessful and both Irene and Anna were then forced into exile at the monastery of Kecharitomene, which Irene had founded a few years previously. It was not a harsh exile, and Irene lived there in peace, distributing food to the poor and educating young orphan girls. Irene may have inspired the history written by her son-in-law Nikephoros Bryennios and corresponded with or patronized several important literary figures, including Theophylact of Ohrid and Michael Italikos.

Children
Irene died on February 19, in either 1123 or 1133, most likely the latter. With Alexios I Komnenos she had nine children:

Anna Komnene (1083-1153)
Maria Komnene
John II Komnenos (1087-1143)
Andronikos Komnenos
Isaac Komnenos
Eudokia Komnene
Theodora Komnene, who married Constantine Angelos. Among their children were John Doukas (who took his grandmother's surname) and Andronikos Angelos, father of the emperors Alexios III Angelos and Isaac II Angelos.
Manuel Komnenos
Zoe Komnene

--------------------
Irene Doukaina or Ducaena (Greek: Εἰρήνη Δούκαινα, Eirēnē Doukaina; c. 1066 – 19 February 1138) was a Byzantine Empress by marriage to the Byzantine emperor Alexios I Komnenos, and the mother of the emperor John II Komnenos and of the historian Anna Komnene.

Life

Irene was born in 1066 to Andronikos Doukas and Maria of Bulgaria, granddaughter of Ivan Vladislav of Bulgaria. Andronikos was a nephew of Emperor Constantine X and a cousin of Michael VII.
Succession of Alexios

Irene married Alexios in 1078, when she was still eleven years old. For this reason the Doukas family supported Alexios in 1081, when a struggle for the throne erupted after the abdication of Nikephoros III Botaneiates. Alexios' mother, Anna Dalassene, a lifelong enemy of the Doukas family, pressured her son to divorce the young Irene and marry Maria of Alania, the former wife of both Michael VII and Nikephoros III. Irene was in fact barred from the coronation ceremony, but the Doukas family convinced the Patriarch of Constantinople, Kosmas I, to crown her as well, which he did one week later. Anna Dalassene consented to this but forced Kosmas to resign immediately afterwards; he was succeeded by Eustratios Garidas.
Empress

Alexios' mother Anna continued to live in the imperial palace and to meddle in her son's affairs until her death 20 years later; Maria of Alania may have also lived in the palace, and there were rumours that Alexios carried on an affair with her. Anna Komnene denied this, although she herself was not born until December 1, 1083, two years later.

Anna may have been whitewashing her family history; she has nothing but praise for both of her parents. She describes her mother in great detail:

"She stood upright like some young sapling, erect and evergreen, all her limbs and the other parts of her body absolutely symmetrical and in harmony one with another. With her lovely appearance and charming voice she never ceased to fascinate all who saw and heard her. Her face shone with the soft light of the moon; it was not the completely round face of an Assyrian woman, nor long, like the face of a Scyth, but just slightly oval in shape. There were rose blossoms on her cheeks, visible a long way off. Her light-blue eyes were both gay and stern: their charm and beauty attracted, but the fear they caused so dazzled the bystander that he could neither look nor turn away...Generally she accompanied her words with graceful gestures, her hands bare to the wrists, and you would say it was ivory turned by some craftsman into the form of fingers and hand. The pupils of her eyes, with the brilliant blue of deep waves, recalled a calm, still sea, while the white surrounding them shone by contrast, so that the whole eye acquired a peculiar lustre and a charm which was inexpressible."

It "would not have been so very inappropriate," Anna writes, to say that Irene was "Athena made manifest to the human race, or that she had descended suddenly from the sky in some heavenly glory and unapproachable splendour."

Irene was shy and preferred not to appear in public, although she was forceful and severe when acting officially as empress (basileia). She preferred to perform her household duties, and enjoyed reading hagiographic literature and making charitable donations to monks and beggars. Although Alexios may have had Maria as a mistress early in his reign, during the later part of his reign he and Irene were genuinely in love (at least according to their daughter Anna). Irene often accompanied him on his expeditions, including the expedition against Prince Bohemund I of Antioch in 1107 and to the Chersonese in 1112. On these campaigns she acted as a nurse for her husband when he was afflicted with gout in his feet. According to Anna she also acted as a sort of guard, as there were constant conspiracies against Alexios. Alexios' insistence that Irene accompany him on campaigns may suggest that he did not fully trust her enough to leave her in the capital. When she did remain behind in Constantinople, she acted as regent, together with Nikephoros Bryennios, Anna's husband, as a counselor.
Empress Dowager

Irene frequently suggested that Alexios name Nikephoros and Anna as his heirs, over their own younger son John. According to Niketas Choniates, who depicts her more as a nagging shrew than a loving wife, she "...threw her full influence on the side of her daughter Anna and lost no opportunity to calumniate their son John... mocking him as rash, pleasure-loving, and weak in character." Alexios, preferring to create a stable dynasty through his own son, either ignored her, pretended to be busy with other matters, or, at last, lost his temper and chastized her for suggesting such things.

Irene nursed Alexios on his deathbed on 1118, while at the same time still scheming to have Nikephoros and Anna succeed him. Alexios had already promised the throne to John, and when John took his father's signet ring Irene accused him of treachery and theft. When Alexios finally died, she felt genuine grief, and wore the mourning clothes of her daughter Eudokia, whose own husband had died previously. However, she soon conspired with Anna against John, but their plots were unsuccessful and both Irene and Anna were then forced into exile at the monastery of Kecharitomene, which Irene had founded a few years previously. It was not a harsh exile, and Irene lived there in peace, distributing food to the poor and educating young orphan girls. Irene may have inspired the history written by her son-in-law Nikephoros Bryennios and corresponded with or patronized several important literary figures, including Theophylact of Ohrid and Michael Italikos.
In literature

The great modern Greek poet Constantine Cavafy includes a reference to Irene Doukaina in his poem "A Byzantine Nobleman in Exile Composing Verses", which refers to Doukaina as "that viper Irini Doukaina" and that as the cause of the titular nobleman's exile, "may she be cursed". It is a clear reference to her reputation as a plotter.
Children

Irene died on February 19, 1138. With Alexios I Komnenos she had nine children:

Anna Komnene[1] (1083–1153)
Maria Komnene
John II Komnenos (1087–1143)
Andronikos Komnenos
Isaac Komnenos
Eudokia Komnene
Theodora Komnene, who married Constantine Angelos. Among their children were John Doukas (who took his grandmother's surname), father of the first two rulers of the Despotate of Epirus, Michael I Komnenos Doukas and Theodore Komnenos Doukas, and Andronikos Doukas Angelos, father of the emperors Isaac II Angelos and Alexios III Angelos.
Manuel Komnenos
Zoe Komnene

Sources

Dalven, Rae (1972). Anna Comnena. New York: Twayne Publishers. pp. 67–69. ISBN 978-0805722406.

The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium, Oxford University Press, 1991.
Anna Comnena, The Alexiad, trans. E.R.A. Sewter. Penguin Books, 1969.
Nicetas Choniates, O City of Byzantium: Annals of Niketas Choniates, trans. Harry J. Magoulias. Wayne State University Press, 1984.
Georgina Buckler, Anna Comnena: A Study. Oxford University Press, 1929.
Thalia Goumia-Peterson, "Gender and Power: Passages to the Maternal in Anna Komnene's Alexiad ", in Anna Komnene and Her Times, ed. Thalia Goumia-Peterson. Garland Publishing, 2000.
Warren Treadgold, A History of the Byzantine State and Society. Stanford University Press, 1997.
--------------------
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irene_Doukaina

Irene Doukaina or Ducaena (Greek: Εἰρήνη Δούκαινα, Eirēnē Doukaina; c. 1066 – 19 February 1138) was the wife of the Byzantine emperor Alexios I Komnenos, and the mother of the emperor John II Komnenos and of the historian Anna Komnene.

852678131. Irene Dukaina ANDRONIKUSDTR (19363) was born about 1066. (19364) She died after 1118.(19365) Hun utøvet stor innflytelse, da hennes svigermor trakk seg tilbake. I 1118 søkte hun å bringe sin ergjerrige datters, Anna Konenas mann Nikeforos på tronen istedenfor sin sønn Johannes, men det strandet på Alexios motstand, og bragte henne til å trekke seg tilbake til klostret "Vierge Plaine de Grace" som hun hadde stiftet. Hennes ekteskap var helt politisk. Hun var mor til tre sønner (Johannes II, Andronikos og Isak) og fire døtre (Anna, Maria, Eudoxia og Theodora).

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