Genealogie Wylie » Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha , Prince Consort [[31ggcCh-Wikibio+]] (1819-1861)

Persoonlijke gegevens Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha , Prince Consort [[31ggcCh-Wikibio+]] 


Gezin van Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha , Prince Consort [[31ggcCh-Wikibio+]]

Waarschuwing Let op: Echtgenote (Victoria Queen of the United Kingdom) is ook zijn nicht.

Hij is getrouwd met Victoria Queen of the United Kingdom.

Zij zijn getrouwd op 10 februari 1840 te St. James Palace, Westminster, Middlesex, England, hij was toen 20 jaar oud.


Kind(eren):



Notities over Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha , Prince Consort [[31ggcCh-Wikibio+]]

Single brackets [Ch] means first in his line with number of paths (to Charlemagne) in triple figures (as would be all subject's blood descendants) which a ll would be same or greater.

+ affixed to Wikibio means one more item from researchers employed, or Charlemagne analysis included.
Additional pluses ++ mean more than one item shown. No plusses mean only Wikibio, if that.

Double brackets is for those who have one or more antecedents with same property,

Charlemagne Descendant many times over!

All descendants of Queen of England Eleanor of Aquitaine are in triple figures just through her paths (to Charlemagne), This couple each in triple figures to Queen Eleanor.

All descendants of King Louis VII of France, Eleanor's first husband are likewise in triple figures
through his paths (to Charlemagne) alone. This couple each in triple figures to King Louis VII.

Thus each of these, Albert and Victoria, have over 100x100=10,000 paths back to Charlemagne to total over 20,000 different paths for one or the other to track back to Charlemagne,

This Charlemagne descendant is documented on this one extended family site as among others a
35th-36th-37th-38th-39th-40th-41st-42nd great grandchild repeatedly so many times each uniquely
as to at least be into the triple figures as such a multi-ancestral path descendant of ,
Charlemagne, first Holy Roman Emperor [HRE]---coronation on 25 December 800 in Rome---
with HREs so created and so serving until August 6, 1806, when the Empire was disbanded.

=========
WIKIPEDIA
=========
Source above, includes portraits, paintings, maps and other
items not below; and working links and updates, is
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert,_Prince_Consort

Albert, Prince Consort
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha)

Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
Prince Consort
Image
Photograph by J. J. E. Mayall, May 1860
Consort of the British monarch
Tenure10 February 1840 – 14 December 1861

Born26 August 1819
Schloss Rosenau, Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld, German Confederation
Died14 December 1861 (aged 42)
Windsor Castle, England, United Kingdom
Burial23 December 1861
St George's Chapel;
18 December 1862
Frogmore Mausoleum
SpouseVictoria, Queen of the United Kingdom

(m. 1840)
IssueVictoria, German Empress
Edward VII, King of the United Kingdom
Alice, Grand Duchess of Hesse and by Rhine
Alfred, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
Helena, Princess Christian of Schleswig-Holstein
Princess Louise, Duchess of Argyll
Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn
Prince Leopold, Duke of Albany
Beatrice, Princess Henry of Battenberg
Names
English: Francis Albert Augustus Charles Emmanuel
German: Franz Albert August Karl Emanuel

HouseSaxe-Coburg-Saalfeld (until 1826)
Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (from 1826)
FatherErnest I, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
MotherPrincess Louise of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg
SignatureImage
Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (Francis Albert Augustus Charles Emmanuel;[1] 26 August 1819 – 14 December 1861) was the consort of Queen Victoria from their marriage on 10 February 1840 until his death in 1861.
Albert was born in the Saxon duchy of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld to a family connected to many of Europe's ruling monarchs. At the age of twenty, he married his first cousin Victoria; they had nine children. Initially he felt constrained by his role as consort, which did not afford him power or responsibilities. He gradually developed a reputation for supporting public causes, such as educational reform and the abolition of slavery worldwide, and was entrusted with running the Queen's household, office, and estates. He was heavily involved with the organisation of the Great Exhibition of 1851, which was a resounding success.
Victoria came to depend more and more on Albert's support and guidance. He aided the development of Britain's constitutional monarchy by persuading his wife to be less partisan in her dealings with Parliament—although he actively disagreed with the interventionist foreign policy pursued during Lord Palmerston's tenure as Foreign Secretary. Albert died in 1861 at age 42, devastating Victoria so much that she entered into a deep state of mourning and wore black for the rest of her life. On her death in 1901, their eldest son succeeded as Edward VII, the first British monarch of the House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, named after the ducal house to which Albert belonged.

Contents
1Early life
2Marriage
3Consort of the Queen
4Reformer and innovator
4.1Foreign affairs
4.2Domestic reforms
5Family and public life (1852–1859)
6Illness and death
7Legacy
8Titles, styles, honours and arms
8.1Titles and styles
8.2British honours
8.2.1Military appointments
8.3Foreign honours
8.4Arms
9Issue
10Ancestry
11See also
12Notes
13References
14Sources
15Further reading
16External links
Early life[edit]
Image
Albert (left) with his elder brother Ernest and mother Louise, shortly before her exile from court
Prince Albert was born on 26 August 1819, at Schloss Rosenau, near Coburg, Germany, the second son of Ernest III, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld, and his first wife, Louise of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg.[2] His first cousin and future wife, Victoria, was born earlier in the same year with the assistance of the same midwife, Charlotte von Siebold.[3] He was baptised into the Lutheran Evangelical Church on 19 September 1819 in the Marble Hall at Schloss Rosenau with water taken from the local river, the Itz.[4] His godparents were his paternal grandmother, the Dowager Duchess of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld; his maternal grandfather, the Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg; the Emperor of Austria; the Duke of Teschen; and Emanuel, Count of Mensdorff-Pouilly.[5] In 1825, Albert's great-uncle, Frederick IV, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg, died. His death led to a realignment of the Saxon duchies the following year and Albert's father became the first reigning duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha.[6]
Albert and his elder brother, Ernest, spent their youth in a close companionship marred by their parents' turbulent marriage and eventual separation and divorce.[7] After their mother was exiled from court in 1824, she married her lover, Alexander von Hanstein, Count of Pölzig and Beiersdorf. She presumably never saw her children again, and died of cancer at the age of 30 in 1831.[8] The following year, their father married his niece, his sons' cousin Princess Marie of Württemberg; their marriage was not close, however, and Marie had little—if any—impact on her stepchildren's lives.[9]
The brothers were educated privately at home by Christoph Florschütz and later studied in Brussels, where Adolphe Quetelet was one of their tutors.[10] Like many other German princes, Albert attended the University of Bonn, where he studied law, political economy, philosophy and the history of art. He played music and he excelled at sport, especially fencing and riding.[11] His tutors at Bonn included the philosopher Fichte and the poet Schlegel.[12]
Marriage[edit]
Main article: Wedding of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
Image
Portrait by John Partridge, 1840
The idea of marriage between Albert and his cousin, Victoria, was first documented in an 1821 letter from his paternal grandmother, the Dowager Duchess of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld, who said that he was "the pendant to the pretty cousin".[13] By 1836, this idea had also arisen in the mind of their ambitious uncle Leopold, who had been King of the Belgians since 1831.[14] At this time, Victoria was the heir presumptive to the British throne. Her father, Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn, the fourth son of King George III, had died when she was a baby, and her elderly uncle, King William IV, had no legitimate children. Her mother, the Duchess of Kent, was the sister of both Albert's father—the Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha—and King Leopold. Leopold arranged for his sister, Victoria's mother, to invite the Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha and his two sons to visit her in May 1836, with the purpose of meeting Victoria. William IV, however, disapproved of any match with the Coburgs, and instead favoured the suit of Prince Alexander, second son of the Prince of Orange. Victoria was well aware of the various matrimonial plans and critically appraised a parade of eligible princes.[15] She wrote, "[Albert] is extremely handsome; his hair is about the same colour as mine; his eyes are large and blue, and he has a beautiful nose and a very sweet mouth with fine teeth; but the charm of his countenance is his expression, which is most delightful."[16] Alexander, on the other hand, she described as "very plain".[16]
Victoria wrote to her uncle Leopold to thank him "for the prospect of great happiness you have contributed to give me, in the person of dear Albert ... He possesses every quality that could be desired to render me perfectly happy."[17] Although the parties did not undertake a formal engagement, both the family and their retainers widely assumed that the match would take place.[18]
Victoria came to the throne aged eighteen on 20 June 1837. Her letters of the time show interest in Albert's education for the role he would have to play, although she resisted attempts to rush her into marriage.[19] In the winter of 1838–39, the prince visited Italy, accompanied by the Coburg family's confidential adviser, Baron Stockmar.[20]
Image
Armorial bookplate of Prince Albert
Albert returned to the United Kingdom with Ernest in October 1839 to visit the Queen, with the objective of settling the marriage.[21] Albert and Victoria felt mutual affection and the Queen proposed to him on 15 October 1839.[22] Victoria's intention to marry was declared formally to the Privy Council on 23 November,[23] and the couple married on 10 February 1840 at the Chapel Royal, St James's Palace.[24] Just before the marriage, Albert was naturalised by Act of Parliament,[25] and granted the style of Royal Highness by an Order in Council.[1]
Initially Albert was not popular with the British public; he was perceived to be from an impoverished and undistinguished minor state, barely larger than a small English county.[26] The British Prime Minister, Lord Melbourne, advised the Queen against granting her husband the title of "King Consort"; Parliament also objected to Albert being created a peer—partly because of anti-German sentiment and a desire to exclude Albert from any political role.[27] Albert's religious views provided a small amount of controversy when the marriage was debated in Parliament: although as a member of the Lutheran Evangelical Church Albert was a Protestant, the non-Episcopal nature of his church was considered worrisome.[28] Of greater concern, however, was that some of Albert's family were Roman Catholic.[29] Melbourne led a minority government and the opposition took advantage of the marriage to weaken his position further. They opposed a British peerage for Albert and granted him a smaller annuity than previous consorts,[30] £30,000 instead of the usual £50,000.[31] Albert claimed that he had no need of a British peerage, writing: "It would almost be a step downwards, for as a Duke of Saxony, I feel myself much higher than a Duke of York or Kent."[32] For the next seventeen years, Albert was formally titled "HRH Prince Albert" until, on 25 June 1857, Victoria formally granted him the title Prince Consort.[33] Victoria explained, in a letter to Lord Palmerston on 15 March 1857, that she was: "... inclined ... to content herself by simply giving her husband by Letters Patent the title of 'Prince Consort' which can injure no one while it will give him an English title consistent with his position, & avoid his being treated by Foreign Courts as a junior Member of the house of Saxe-Coburg".
Consort of the Queen[edit]
Image
Portrait by Winterhalter, 1842
The position in which Albert was placed by his marriage, while one of distinction, also offered considerable difficulties; in his own words, "I am very happy and contented; but the difficulty in filling my place with the proper dignity is that I am only the husband, not the master in the house."[34] The Queen's household was run by her former governess,[35] Baroness Lehzen. Albert referred to her as the "House Dragon", and manoeuvred to dislodge the Baroness from her position.[36]
Within two months of the marriage, Victoria was pregnant. Albert started to take on public roles; he became President of the Society for the Extinction of Slavery (which was still legal in many parts of the world beyond the British Empire); and helped Victoria privately with her government paperwork.[37]
In June 1840, while on a public carriage ride, Albert and the pregnant Victoria were shot at by Edward Oxford, who was later judged insane. Neither Albert nor Victoria was hurt and Albert was praised in the newspapers for his courage and coolness during the attack.[38] He was gaining public support as well as political influence, which showed itself practically when, in August, Parliament passed the Regency Act 1840 to designate him regent in the event of Victoria's death before their child reached the age of majority.[39] Their first child, Victoria, named after her mother, was born in November. Eight other children would follow over the next seventeen years. All nine children survived to adulthood, which was remarkable for the era and which biographer Hermione Hobhouse credited to Albert's "enlightened influence" on the healthy running of the nursery.[40] In early 1841, he successfully removed the nursery from Lehzen's pervasive control, and in September 1842, Lehzen left Britain permanently—much to Albert's relief.[41]
Etching by Queen Victoria and Albert of their first child, Victoria, Princess Royal
After the 1841 general election, Melbourne was replaced as Prime Minister by Sir Robert Peel, who appointed Albert as chairman of the Royal Commission in charge of redecorating the new Palace of Westminster. The Palace had burned down seven years before, and was being rebuilt. As a patron and purchaser of pictures and sculpture, the commission was set up to promote the fine arts in Britain. The commission's work was slow, and the architect, Charles Barry, took many decisions out of the commissioners' hands by decorating rooms with ornate furnishings that were treated as part of the architecture.[42] Albert was more successful as a private patron and collector. Among his notable purchases were early German and Italian paintings—such as Lucas Cranach the Elder's Apollo and Diana and Fra Angelico's St Peter Martyr—and contemporary pieces from Franz Xaver Winterhalter and Edwin Landseer.[43] Ludwig Gruner, of Dresden, assisted Albert in buying pictures of the highest quality.[44]
Albert and Victoria were shot at again on both 29 and 30 May 1842, but were unhurt. The culprit, John Francis, was detained and condemned to death,[45] although he was later reprieved.[46] Some of their early unpopularity came about because of their stiffness and adherence to protocol in public, though in private the couple were more easy-going.[47] In early 1844, Victoria and Albert were apart for the first time since their marriage when he returned to Coburg on the death of his father.[48]
Image
Osborne House, Isle of Wight, UK
By 1844, Albert had managed to modernise the royal finances and, through various economies, had sufficient capital to purchase Osborne House on the Isle of Wight as a private residence for their growing family.[49] Over the next few years a house modelled in the style of an Italianate villa was built to the designs of Albert and Thomas Cubitt.[50] Albert laid out the grounds, and improved the estate and farm.[51] Albert managed and improved the other royal estates; his model farm at Windsor was admired by his biographers,[52] and under his stewardship the revenues of the Duchy of Cornwall—the hereditary property of the Prince of Wales—steadily increased.[53]
Unlike many landowners who approved of child labour and opposed Peel's repeal of the Corn Laws, Albert supported moves to raise working ages and free up trade.[54] In 1846, Albert was rebuked by Lord George Bentinck when he attended the debate on the Corn Laws in the House of Commons to give tacit support to Peel.[55] During Peel's premiership, Albert's authority behind, or beside, the throne became more apparent. He had access to all the Queen's papers, was drafting her correspondence[56] and was present when she met her ministers, or even saw them alone in her absence.[57] The clerk of the Privy Council, Charles Greville, wrote of him: "He is King to all intents and purposes."[58]
In 1847, Victoria and Albert spent a rainy holiday in the west of Scotland at Loch Laggan, but heard from their doctor, Sir James Clark, that Clark's son had enjoyed dry, sunny days farther east at Balmoral Castle. The tenant of Balmoral, Sir Robert Gordon, died suddenly in early October, and Albert began negotiations to take over the lease from the owner, the Earl Fife.[59] In May the following year, Albert leased Balmoral, which he had never visited. In September 1848 he, his wife and the older children went there for the first time.[60] They came to relish the privacy it afforded.[61]
Reformer and innovator[edit]
Image
Early daguerreotype with hand-colouring, 1848
Foreign affairs[edit]
Revolutions spread throughout Europe in 1848 as the result of a widespread economic crisis. Throughout the year, Victoria and Albert complained about Foreign Secretary Palmerston's independent foreign policy, which they believed destabilised foreign European powers further.[62] Albert was concerned for many of his royal relatives, a number of whom were deposed by revolutionaries. He and Victoria, who gave birth to their daughter Louise during that year, spent some time away from London in the relative safety of Osborne. Although there were sporadic demonstrations in England, no effective revolutionary action took place.[63]
Domestic reforms[edit]
According to historian G. M. Trevelyan, regarding the Prince and home affairs:
His influence over the Queen was on the whole liberal; he greatly admired Peel, was a strong free-trader, and took more interest in scientific and commercial progress, and less in sport and fashion than was at all popular in the best society.[64]
In 1847, Albert was elected Chancellor of the University of Cambridge after a close contest with the Earl of Powis.[65] He used his position as chancellor to campaign successfully for reformed and more modern university curricula, expanding the subjects taught beyond the traditional mathematics and classics to include modern history and the natural sciences.[66]
Albert gained public acclaim when he expressed paternalistic, yet well-meaning and philanthropic, views.[63] In an 1848 speech to the Society for the Improvement of the Condition of the Labouring Classes, of which he was president, he expressed his "sympathy and interest for that class of our community who have most of the toil and fewest of the enjoyments of this world".[67] It was the "duty of those who, under the blessings of Divine Providence, enjoy station, wealth, and education" to assist those less fortunate than themselves.[67]
The Great Exhibition of 1851 was housed in the Crystal Palace in Hyde Park, London.
His progressive and relatively liberal ideas were expressed by his support of emancipation, technological progress, science education, the ideas of Charles Darwin, and the welfare of the working classes. Albert led reforms in university education, welfare and the royal finances and supported the campaign against slavery. He also had a special interest in applying science and art to manufacturing industry.[68]
The Great Exhibition of 1851 arose from the annual exhibitions of the Society of Arts, of which Albert was president from 1843, and owed most of its success to his efforts to promote it.[53][69] Albert served as president of the Royal Commission for the Exhibition of 1851, and had to fight for every stage of the project.[70] In the House of Lords, Lord Brougham fulminated against the proposal to hold the exhibition in Hyde Park.[71] Opponents of the exhibition prophesied that foreign rogues and revolutionists would overrun England, subvert the morals of the people, and destroy their faith.[72] Albert thought such talk absurd and quietly persevered, trusting always that British manufacturing would benefit from exposure to the best products of foreign countries.[53]
The Queen opened the exhibition in a specially designed and built glass building known as the Crystal Palace on 1 May 1851. It proved a colossal success.[73] A surplus of £180,000 was used to purchase land in South Kensington on which to establish educational and cultural institutions—including the Natural History Museum, Science Museum, Imperial College London and what would later be named the Royal Albert Hall and the Victoria and Albert Museum.[74] The area was referred to as "Albertopolis" by sceptics.[75]
Family and public life (1852–1859)[edit]
Image
Queen Victoria and Prince Albert, 1854
In 1852, John Camden Neild, an eccentric miser, left Victoria an unexpected legacy, which Albert used to obtain the freehold of Balmoral. As usual, he embarked on an extensive programme of improvements.[76] The same year, he was appointed to several of the offices left vacant by the death of the Duke of Wellington, including the mastership of Trinity House and the colonelcy of the Grenadier Guards.[77] With Wellington's passing, Albert was able to propose and campaign for modernisation of the army, which was long overdue.[78] Thinking that the military was unready for war, and that Christian rule was preferable to Islamic rule, Albert counselled a diplomatic solution to conflict between the Russian and Ottoman empires. Palmerston was more bellicose, and favoured a policy that would prevent further Russian expansion.[79] Palmerston was manoeuvred out of the cabinet in December 1853, but at about the same time a Russian fleet attacked the Ottoman fleet at anchor at Sinop. The London press depicted the attack as a criminal massacre, and Palmerston's popularity surged as Albert's fell.[80] Within two weeks, Palmerston was re-appointed as a minister. As public outrage at the Russian action continued, false rumours circulated that Albert had been arrested for treason and was being held prisoner in the Tower of London.[81]
By March 1854, Britain and Russia were embroiled in the Crimean War. Albert devised a master plan for winning the war by laying siege to Sevastopol while starving Russia economically, which became the Allied strategy after the Tsar decided to fight a purely defensive war.[82] Early British optimism soon faded as the press reported that British troops were ill-equipped and mismanaged by aged generals using out-of-date tactics and strategy. The conflict dragged on as the Russians were as poorly prepared as their opponents. The Prime Minister, Lord Aberdeen, resigned and Palmerston succeeded him.[83] A negotiated settlement eventually put an end to the war with the Treaty of Paris. During the war, Albert arranged the marriage of his fourteen-year-old daughter, Victoria, to Prince Frederick William of Prussia, though Albert delayed the marriage until Victoria was seventeen. Albert hoped that his daughter and son-in-law would be a liberalising influence in the enlarging but very conservative Prussian state.[84]
Image
Prince Albert, Queen Victoria and their nine children, 1857. Left to right: Alice, Arthur, Albert (Prince Consort), Albert Edward (Prince of Wales), Leopold, Louise, Queen Victoria with Beatrice, Alfred, Victoria and Helena[85]
Albert promoted many public educational institutions. Chiefly at meetings in connection with these he spoke of the need for better schooling.[86] A collection of his speeches was published in 1857. Recognised as a supporter of education and technological progress, he was invited to speak at scientific meetings, such as the memorable address he delivered as president of the British Association for the Advancement of Science when it met at Aberdeen in 1859.[87] His espousal of science met with clerical opposition; he and Palmerston unsuccessfully recommended a knighthood for Charles Darwin, after the publication of On the Origin of Species, which was opposed by the Bishop of Oxford.[88]
Albert continued to devote himself to the education of his family and the management of the royal household.[89] His children's governess, Lady Lyttelton, thought him unusually kind and patient, and described him joining in family games with enthusiasm.[90] He felt keenly the departure of his eldest daughter for Prussia when she married her fiancé at the beginning of 1858,[91] and was disappointed that his eldest son, the Prince of Wales, did not respond well to the intense educational programme that Albert had designed for him.[92] At the age of seven, the Prince of Wales was expected to take six hours of instruction, including an hour of German and an hour of French every day.[93] When the Prince of Wales failed at his lessons, Albert caned him.[94] Corporal punishment was common at the time, and was not thought unduly harsh.[95] Albert's biographer Roger Fulford wrote that the relationships between the family members were "friendly, affectionate and normal ... there is no evidence either in the Royal Archives or in the printed authorities to justify the belief that the relations between the Prince and his eldest son were other than deeply affectionate."[96] Philip Magnus wrote in his biography of Albert's eldest son that Albert "tried to treat his children as equals; and they were able to penetrate his stiffness and reserve because they realised instinctively not only that he loved them but that he enjoyed and needed their company."[97]
Illness and death[edit]
Image
Portrait by Winterhalter, 1859
In August 1859, Albert fell seriously ill with stomach cramps.[98] His steadily worsening medical condition led to a sense of despair; biographer Robert Rhodes James describes Albert as having lost "the will to live".[99] Albert would later have an accidental brush with death during a trip to Coburg in October 1860, when he was driving alone in a carriage drawn by four horses that suddenly bolted. As the horses continued to gallop toward a wagon waiting at a railway crossing, Albert jumped for his life from the carriage. One of the horses was killed in the collision, and Albert was badly shaken, though his only physical injuries were cuts and bruises. He confided in his brother and eldest daughter that he had sensed his time had come.[100]
Victoria's mother and Albert's aunt, the Duchess of Kent, died in March 1861, and Victoria was grief-stricken. Albert took on most of the Queen's duties despite his continuing chronic stomach trouble.[101] The last public event over which he presided was the opening of the Royal Horticultural Gardens on 5 June 1861.[102] In August, Victoria and Albert visited the Curragh Camp, Ireland, where the Prince of Wales was attending army manoeuvres. At the Curragh, the Prince of Wales was introduced, by his fellow officers, to Nellie Clifden, an Irish actress.[103]
By November, Victoria and Albert had returned to Windsor, and the Prince of Wales had returned to Cambridge, where he was a student. Two of Albert's young cousins, brothers King Pedro V of Portugal and Prince Ferdinand, died of typhoid fever within five days of each other in early November.[104] On top of this news, Albert was informed that gossip was spreading in gentlemen's clubs and the foreign press that the Prince of Wales was still involved with Nellie Clifden.[105] Albert and Victoria were horrified by their son's indiscretion, and feared blackmail, scandal or pregnancy.[106] Although Albert was ill and at a low ebb, he travelled to Cambridge to see the Prince of Wales on 25 November[107] to discuss his son's indiscreet affair.[53] In his final weeks Albert suffered from pains in his back and legs.[108]
Also in November 1861, the Trent affair—the forcible removal of Confederate envoys from a British ship, the RMS Trent, by Union forces during the American Civil War—threatened war between the United States and Britain. The British government prepared an ultimatum and readied a military response. Albert was gravely ill but intervened to defuse the crisis.[109] In a few hours, he revised the British demands in a manner that allowed the Lincoln administration to surrender the Confederate commissioners who had been seized from the Trent and to issue a public apology to London without losing face. The key idea, based on a suggestion from The Times, was to give Washington the opportunity to deny it had officially authorised the seizure and thereby apologise for the captain's mistake.[110]
On 9 December, one of Albert's doctors, William Jenner, diagnosed him with typhoid fever. Albert died at 10:50 p.m. on 14 December 1861 in the Blue Room at Windsor Castle, in the presence of the Queen and five of their nine children.[111][a] The contemporary diagnosis was typhoid fever, but modern writers have pointed out that Albert's ongoing stomach pain, leaving him ill for at least two years before his death, may indicate that a chronic disease, such as Crohn's disease,[113] kidney failure, or abdominal cancer, was the cause of death.[114]
Legacy[edit]
Image
The Albert Memorial in Hyde Park, London
Image
Royal Albert Hall, London
The Queen's grief was overwhelming, and the tepid feelings the public had previously for Albert were replaced by sympathy.[115] The widowed Victoria never recovered from Albert's death; she entered into a deep state of mourning and wore black for the rest of her life. Albert's rooms in all his houses were kept as they had been, even with hot water brought in the morning and linen and towels changed daily.[116] Such practices were not uncommon in the houses of the very rich.[117] Victoria withdrew from public life and her seclusion eroded some of Albert's work in attempting to re-model the monarchy as a national institution setting a moral, if not political, example.[118] Albert is credited with introducing the principle that the British royal family should remain above politics.[119] Before his marriage to Victoria, she supported the Whigs; for example, early in her reign Victoria managed to thwart the formation of a Tory government by Sir Robert Peel by refusing to accept substitutions which Peel wanted to make among her ladies-in-waiting.[120]
Albert's body was temporarily entombed in St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle.[121] A year after his death his remains were deposited at the Royal Mausoleum, Frogmore, which remained incomplete until 1871.[122] The sarcophagus, in which both he and the Queen were eventually laid, was carved from the largest block of granite that had ever been quarried in Britain.[123] Despite Albert's request that no effigies of him should be raised, many public monuments were erected all over the country and across the British Empire.[124] The most notable are the Royal Albert Hall and the Albert Memorial in London. The plethora of memorials erected to Albert became so great that Charles Dickens told a friend that he sought an "inaccessible cave" to escape from them.[125]
Places and objects named after Albert range from Lake Albert in Africa to the city of Prince Albert, Saskatchewan, to the Albert Medal presented by the Royal Society of Arts. Four regiments of the British Army were named after him: 11th (Prince Albert's Own) Hussars; Prince Albert's Light Infantry; Prince Albert's Own Leicestershire Regiment of Yeomanry Cavalry; and The Prince Consort's Own Rifle Brigade. He and Queen Victoria showed a keen interest in the establishment and development of Aldershot in Hampshire as a garrison town in the 1850s. They had a wooden Royal Pavilion built there in which they would often stay when attending military reviews.[126] Albert established and endowed the Prince Consort's Library at Aldershot, which still exists today.[127]
Biographies published after his death were typically heavy on eulogy. Theodore Martin's five-volume magnum opus was authorised and supervised by Queen Victoria, and her influence shows in its pages. Nevertheless, it is an accurate and exhaustive account.[128] Lytton Strachey's Queen Victoria (1921) was more critical, but it was discredited in part by mid-twentieth-century biographers such as Hector Bolitho and Roger Fulford, who (unlike Strachey) had access to Victoria's journal and letters.[129] Popular myths about Prince Albert—such as the claim that he introduced Christmas trees to Britain—are dismissed by scholars.[130] Recent biographers such as Stanley Weintraub portray Albert as a figure in a tragic romance who died too soon and was mourned by his lover for a lifetime.[53] In the 2009 film The Young Victoria, Albert, played by Rupert Friend, is made into an heroic character; in the fictionalised depiction of the 1840 shooting, he is struck by a bullet—something that did not happen in real life.[131][132]
Titles, styles, honours and arms[edit]
Titles and styles[edit]
Image
Albert robed as a Knight Grand Cross of the Bath, 1842
In the United Kingdom, Albert was styled "His Serene Highness Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha" in the months before his marriage.[25] He was granted the style of Royal Highness on 6 February 1840,[1] and given the title of Prince Consort on 25 June 1857.[33]
British honours[edit]
⦁KG: ⦁Royal Knight of the Garter, 16 December 1839⦁[133]
⦁GCB: ⦁Knight Grand Cross of the Bath (military), 6 March 1840;⦁[134] Great Master, 25 May 1847⦁[135]
⦁GCMG: ⦁Knight Grand Cross of St Michael and St George, 15 January 1842⦁[133]
⦁KT: ⦁Knight of the Thistle, 17 January 1842⦁[133]
⦁KP: ⦁Extra and Principal Knight of St. Patrick, 20 January 1842⦁[133]
⦁KSI: ⦁Extra Knight of the Star of India, 25 June 1861⦁[136]
Military appointments[edit]
Field Marshal of the ⦁British Army, 8 February 1840⦁[137]
Colonel-in-chief of the ⦁11th (Prince Albert's Own) Hussars, 30 April 1840 – 1842⦁[137]
Colonel of the ⦁Scots Fusilier Guards, 25 April 1842 – 1852⦁[137]
Captain-general and Colonel of the ⦁Honourable Artillery Company, 1843⦁[137]
Constable and Governor of Windsor Castle, 1843⦁[138]
⦁Colonel-in-chief of the ⦁60th (The King's Royal Rifle Corps) Regiment of Foot, 15 August 1850 – 1852⦁[137]
⦁Colonel of the ⦁1st Grenadier Guards, 23 August 1852⦁[137]
⦁Colonel-in-chief of the ⦁Rifle Brigade, 23 September 1852⦁[137]
Foreign honours[edit]
Ernestine duchies: ⦁Grand Cross of the Saxe-Ernestine House Order, February 1836⦁[139]
Portugal:⦁[140]
Grand Cross of the Royal Military Order of Our Lord Jesus Christ, 23 April 1836
⦁Grand Cross of the ⦁Sash of the Two Orders (⦁Aviz and ⦁St. James), 30 September 1857
Grand Cross of the Tower and Sword, 25 November 1858
Belgium: ⦁Grand Cordon of the Order of Leopold, 18 November 1839 – wedding gift⦁[141]
Saxony: ⦁Knight of the Rue Crown, 1839⦁[142]
Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach: ⦁Grand Cross of the White Falcon, 13 January 1840⦁[143]
Spain: ⦁Knight of the ⦁Golden Fleece, 27 April 1841 – invested by the Duke of Wellington on behalf of ⦁Queen Isabella II⦁[144]
Prussia:
Knight of the Black Eagle, 30 January 1842⦁[145]
Knight of the Red Eagle, 1st Class
Sardinia: ⦁Knight of the Annunciation, 13 December 1842⦁[146]
Netherlands: ⦁Grand Cross of the Netherlands Lion, 1842⦁[147]
Denmark: ⦁Knight of the Elephant, 10 January 1843⦁[148]
Russia:⦁[149]
Knight of St. Andrew, 1 July 1843
Knight of St. Alexander Nevsky, 1 July 1843
Knight of the White Eagle, 1 July 1843
Knight of St. Anna, 1st Class, 1 July 1843
France: ⦁Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour, 5 September 1843⦁[150]
Austria: ⦁Grand Cross of the Royal Hungarian Order of St. Stephen, 1843⦁[151]
Württemberg: ⦁Grand Cross of the Württemberg Crown, 1843⦁[152]
Baden:⦁[153]
⦁Knight of the ⦁House Order of Fidelity, 1845
Grand Cross of the Zähringer Lion, 1845
Bavaria: ⦁Knight of St. Hubert, 1845⦁[154]
Two Sicilies: ⦁Grand Cross of St. Ferdinand and Merit, 1846⦁[147]
Hanover:⦁[155]
Knight of St. George, 1853
Grand Cross of the Royal Guelphic Order, 1853
Military Order of Malta: Bailiff Grand Cross of Honour and Devotion⦁[138]
Sweden-Norway: ⦁Knight of the Seraphim, 12 February 1856⦁[156]
Ottoman Empire: ⦁Order of the Medjidie, 1st Class in Diamonds, 1856⦁[147]
Arms[edit]
Image
Coat of arms of Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha as granted in 1840
Upon his marriage to Queen Victoria in 1840, Prince Albert received a personal grant of arms, being the royal coat of arms of the United Kingdom differenced by a white three-point label with a red cross in the centre, quartered with his ancestral arms of Saxony.[1][157] They are blazoned: "Quarterly, 1st and 4th, the Royal Arms, with overall a label of three points Argent charged on the centre with cross Gules; 2nd and 3rd, Barry of ten Or and Sable, a crown of rue in bend Vert".[158] The arms are unusual, being described by S. T. Aveling as a "singular example of quartering differenced arms, [which] is not in accordance with the rules of Heraldry, and is in itself an heraldic contradiction."[159] Prior to his marriage Albert used the arms of his father undifferenced, in accordance with German custom.
Albert's Garter stall plate displays his arms surmounted by a royal crown with six crests for the House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha; these are from left to right: 1. "A bull's head caboshed Gules armed and ringed Argent, crowned Or, the rim chequy Gules and Argent" for Mark. 2. "Out of a coronet Or, two buffalo horns Argent, attached to the outer edge of five branches fesswise each with three linden leaves Vert" for Thuringia. 3. "Out of a coronet Or, a pyramidal chapeau charged with the arms of Saxony ensigned by a plume of peacock feathers Proper out of a coronet also Or" for Saxony. 4. "A bearded man in profile couped below the shoulders clothed paly Argent and Gules, the pointed coronet similarly paly terminating in a plume of three peacock feathers" for Meissen. 5. "A demi griffin displayed Or, winged Sable, collared and langued Gules" for Jülich. 6. "Out of a coronet Or, a panache of peacock feathers Proper" for Berg.[158] The supporters were the crowned lion of England and the unicorn of Scotland (as in the Royal Arms) charged on the shoulder with a label as in the arms. Albert's personal motto is the German Treu und Fest (Loyal and Sure).[158] This motto was also used by Prince Albert's Own or the 11th Hussars.
Issue[edit]
See also: Descendants of Queen Victoria
NameBirthDeathNotes[160]
Victoria, Princess Royal21 November 18405 August 1901married 1858, Crown Prince Frederick, later Frederick III, German Emperor; had issue
Edward VII of the United Kingdom9 November 18416 May 1910married 1863, Princess Alexandra of Denmark; had issue
Princess Alice25 April 184314 December 1878married 1862, Prince Louis, later Ludwig IV, Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine; had issue
Alfred, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha6 August 184430 July 1900married 1874, Grand Duchess Marie Alexandrovna of Russia; had issue
Princess Helena25 May 18469 June 1923married 1866, Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein; had issue
Princess Louise18 March 18483 December 1939married 1871, John Campbell, Marquess of Lorne, later 9th Duke of Argyll; no issue
Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn1 May 185016 January 1942married 1879, Princess Louise Margaret of Prussia; had issue
Prince Leopold, Duke of Albany7 April 185328 March 1884married 1882, Princess Helena of Waldeck and Pyrmont; had issue
Princess Beatrice14 April 185726 October 1944married 1885, Prince Henry of Battenberg; had issue
Prince Albert's 42 grandchildren included four reigning monarchs: King George V of the United Kingdom; Wilhelm II, German Emperor; Ernest Louis, Grand Duke of Hesse; and Charles Edward, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, and five consorts of monarchs: Empress Alexandra of Russia and Queens Maud of Norway, Sophia of Greece, Victoria Eugenie of Spain, and Marie of Romania. Albert's many descendants include royalty and nobility throughout Europe.
Image
Victoria and Albert's family in 1846 by Franz Xaver Winterhalter left to right: Prince Alfred (unbreeched at two years); the Prince of Wales; the Queen; Prince Albert; and Princesses Alice, Helena and Victoria
Ancestry[edit]
hideAncestors of Albert, Prince Consort[161]
8. Ernest Frederick, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld

4. Francis, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld

9. Princess Sophie Antoinette of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel

2. Ernest I, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha

10. Heinrich XXIV, Count Reuss of Ebersdorf

5. Countess Augusta Reuss of Ebersdorf

11. Countess Karoline Ernestine of Erbach-Schönberg

1. Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha

12. Ernest II, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg

6. Augustus, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg

13. Princess Charlotte of Saxe-Meiningen

3. Princess Louise of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg

14. Frederick Francis I, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin

7. Duchess Louise Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Schwerin

15. Princess Louise of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg

See also[edit]
John Brown
List of coupled cousins
Royal Albert Memorial Museum
Notes[edit]
^ The children present were Edward, Alice, Louise, Helena and Arthur; Victoria was in Germany, Leopold in France, and Alfred at sea. Beatrice, the youngest, remained outside of the room.1.[112]
References[edit]
1.^ 1.Jump up to:a 1.b 1.c 1.d 1."No. 19821". 1.The London Gazette. 7 February 1840. p. 241.
^ 2.Hobhouse 1983, p. 2; 2.Weintraub 1997, p. 20; 2.Weir 1996, p. 305.
^ 3.Weintraub 1997, p. 20.
^ 4.Weintraub 1997, p. 21.
^ 5.Ames 1968, p. 1; 5.Hobhouse 1983, p. 2.
^ e.g. 6.Montgomery-Massingberd 1977, pp. 259–273.
^ 7.Weintraub 1997, pp. 25–28.
^ 8.Hobhouse 1983, p. 4; 8.Weintraub 1997, pp. 25–28.
^ 9.Weintraub 1997, pp. 40–41.
^ 10.Hobhouse 1983, p. 16.
^ 11.Weintraub 1997, pp. 60–62.
^ 12.Ames 1968, p. 15; 12.Weintraub 1997, pp. 56–60.
^ 13.Hobhouse 1983, pp. 15.
^ 14.Hobhouse 1983, pp. 15–16; 14.Weintraub 1997, pp. 43–49.
^ 15.Weintraub 1997, pp. 43–49.
16.^ 16.Jump up to:a 16.b Victoria quoted in 16.Weintraub 1997, p. 49.
^ 17.Weintraub 1997, p. 51.
^ 18.Weintraub 1997, pp. 53, 58, 64, 65.
^ 19.Weintraub 1997, p. 62.
^ 20.Hobhouse 1983, pp. 17–18; 20.Weintraub 1997, p. 67.
^ 21.Fulford 1949, p. 42; 21.Weintraub 1997, pp. 77–81.
^ 22.Fulford 1949, pp. 42–43; 22.Hobhouse 1983, p. 20; 22.Weintraub 1997, pp. 77–81.
^ 23.Fulford 1949, p. 45; 23.Hobhouse 1983, p. 21; 23.Weintraub 1997, p. 86.
^ 24.Fulford 1949, p. 52; 24.Hobhouse 1983, p. 24.
25.^ 25.Jump up to:a 25.b 25."No. 19826". 25.The London Gazette. 14 February 1840. p. 302.
^ 26.Fulford 1949, p. 45.
^ 27.Weintraub 1997, p. 88.
^ 28.Abecasis-Phillips 2004.
^ 29.Murphy 2001, pp. 28–31.
^ 30.Weintraub 1997, pp. 8–9, 89.
^ 31.Fulford 1949, p. 47; 31.Hobhouse 1983, pp. 23–24.
^ Quoted in 32.Jagow 1938, p. 37.
33.^ 33.Jump up to:a 33.b 33."No. 22015". 33.The London Gazette. 26 June 1857. p. 2195.
^ Albert to William von Lowenstein, May 1840, quoted in 34.Hobhouse 1983, p. 26.
^ Or more properly "Lady Attendant".
^ 36.Fulford 1949, pp. 59–74.
^ 37.Weintraub 1997, pp. 102–105.
^ 38.Weintraub 1997, pp. 106–107.
^ 39.Weintraub 1997, p. 107.
^ 40.Hobhouse 1983, p. 28.
^ 41.Fulford 1949, pp. 73–74.
^ 42.Ames 1968, pp. 48–55; 42.Fulford 1949, pp. 212–213; 42.Hobhouse 1983, pp. 82–88.
^ 43.Ames 1968, pp. 132–146, 200–222; 43.Hobhouse 1983, pp. 70–78. The 43.National Gallery, London, received 25 paintings in 1863 43.presented by Queen Victoria at the Prince Consort's wish 43.Archived 8 May 2021 at the 43.Wayback Machine. See 43.external links for works in the 43.Royal Collection.
^ 44.Cust 1907, pp. 162–170.
^ Old Bailey Proceedings Online, 45.Trial of John Francis. (t18420613-1758, 13 June 1842).
^ 46.Weintraub 1997, pp. 134–135.
^ 47.Ames 1968, p. 172; 47.Fulford 1949, pp. 95–104; 47.Weintraub 1997, p. 141.
^ 48.Ames 1968, p. 60; 48.Weintraub 1997, p. 154.
^ 49.Fulford 1949, p. 79; 49.Hobhouse 1983, p. 131; 49.Weintraub 1997, p. 158.
^ 50.Ames 1968, pp. 61–71; 50.Fulford 1949, p. 79; 50.Hobhouse 1983, p. 121; 50.Weintraub 1997, p. 181.
^ 51.Hobhouse 1983, pp. 127, 131.
^ 52.Fulford 1949, pp. 88–89; 52.Hobhouse 1983, pp. 121–127.
53.^ 53.Jump up to:a 53.b 53.c 53.d 53.e 53.Weintraub 2004.
^ 54.Fulford 1949, p. 116.
^ 55.Fulford 1949, p. 116; 55.Hobhouse 1983, pp. 39–40.
^ 56.Hobhouse 1983, pp. 36–37.
^ 57.Fulford 1949, p. 118.
^ Greville's diary volume V, p. 257 quoted in 58.Fulford 1949, p. 117.
^ 59.Weintraub 1997, pp. 189–191.
^ 60.Weintraub 1997, pp. 193, 212, 214, 203, 206.
^ Extracts from the Queen's journal of the holidays were published in 1868 as Leaves from the Journal of Our Life in the Highlands.
^ 62.Fulford 1949, pp. 119–128; 62.Weintraub 1997, pp. 193, 212, 214 and 264–265.
63.^ 63.Jump up to:a 63.b 63.Weintraub 1997, pp. 192–201.
^ G. M. Trevelyan, British history in the nineteenth century and after 1782-1919 (1937) p. 299.
^ 65.Fulford 1949, pp. 195–196; 65.Hobhouse 1983, p. 65; 65.Weintraub 1997, pp. 182–184.
^ 66.Fulford 1949, pp. 198–199; 66.Hobhouse 1983, p. 65; 66.Weintraub 1997, pp. 187, 207.
67.^ 67.Jump up to:a 67.b The text of the speech was widely reproduced, e.g. "The Condition of the Labouring Classes". 67.The Times, 19 May 1848, p. 6.
^ 68.Fulford 1949, pp. 216–217; 68.Hobhouse 1983, pp. 89–108.
^ 69.Fulford 1949, pp. 219–220.
^ e.g. 70.Fulford 1949, p. 221.
^ 71.Fulford 1949, p. 220.
^ 72.Fulford 1949, pp. 217–222.
^ 73.Fulford 1949, p. 222; 73.Hobhouse 1983, p. 110.
^ 74.Hobhouse 1983, p. 110.
^ 75.Ames 1968, p. 120; 75.Hobhouse 1983, p. x; 75.Weintraub 1997, p. 263.
^ 76.Hobhouse 1983, p. 145.
^ 77.Weintraub 1997, pp. 270–274, 281–282.
^ 78.Hobhouse 1983, pp. 42–43, 47–50; 78.Weintraub 1997, pp. 274–276.
^ e.g. 79.Fulford 1949, pp. 128, 153–157.
^ 80.Weintraub 1997, pp. 288–293.
^ 81.Fulford 1949, pp. 156–157; 81.Weintraub 1997, pp. 294–302.
^ 82.Stewart 2012, pp. 153–154.
^ 83.Weintraub 1997, pp. 303–322, 328.
^ 84.Weintraub 1997, pp. 326, 330.
^ 85.Finestone 1981, p. 36.
^ 86.Hobhouse 1983, p. 63.
^ 87.Darby & Smith 1983, p. 84; 87.Hobhouse 1983, pp. 61–62; 87.Weintraub 1997, p. 232.
^ 88.Weintraub 1997, p. 232.
^ 89.Fulford 1949, pp. 71–105; 89.Hobhouse 1983, pp. 26–43.
^ Lady Lyttelton's journal quoted in 90.Fulford 1949, p. 95 and her correspondence quoted in 90.Hobhouse 1983, p. 29.
^ 91.Fulford 1949, p. 252; 91.Weintraub 1997, p. 355.
^ 92.Fulford 1949, pp. 253–257; 92.Weintraub 1997, p. 367.
^ 93.Fulford 1949, p. 255.
^ Diary of Sir James Clark quoted in 94.Fulford 1949, p. 256.
^ 95.Fulford 1949, p. 260.
^ 96.Fulford 1949, pp. 261–262.
^ 97.Magnus, Philip (1964) King Edward VII, pp. 19–20, quoted in 97.Hobhouse 1983, pp. 28–29.
^ 98.Stewart 2012, p. 182.
^ 99.Rhodes James 1983, p. 269.
^ 100.Weintraub 1997, pp. 392–393.
^ 101.Hobhouse 1983, pp. 150–151; 101.Weintraub 1997, p. 401.
^ 102.Stewart 2012, p. 198.
^ 103.Weintraub 1997, p. 404.
^ 104.Weintraub 1997, p. 405.
^ 105.Hobhouse 1983, p. 152; 105.Weintraub 1997, p. 406
^ 106.Weintraub 1997, p. 406.
^ 107.Hobhouse 1983, p. 154; 107.Fulford 1949, p. 266
^ 108.Stewart 2012, p. 203.
^ 109.Hobhouse 1983, pp. 154–155; 109.Martin 1874–80, pp. 418–426, vol. V; 109.Weintraub 1997, pp. 408–424.
^ Ferris, Norman B. (1960). "The Prince Consort, The Times, and the Trent Affair". Civil War History. 6 (2): 152–156. 110.doi:110.10.1353/cwh.1960.0014.
^ 111.Darby & Smith 1983, p. 3; 111.Hobhouse 1983, p. 156 and 111.Weintraub 1997, pp. 425–431.
^ 112.Hobhouse 1983, p. 156
^ Paulley, J.W. (1993). "The death of Albert Prince Consort: the case against typhoid fever". QJM. 86 (12): 837–841. 113.doi:113.10.1093/oxfordjournals.qjmed.a068768. 113.PMID 113.8108541.
^ e.g. 114.Hobhouse 1983, pp. 150–151.
^ 115.Darby & Smith 1983, p. 1; 115.Hobhouse 1983, p. 158; 115.Weintraub 1997, p. 436.
^ 116.Darby & Smith 1983, pp. 1–4; 116.Weintraub 1997, p. 436.
^ 117.Weintraub 1997, p. 438.
^ 118.Weintraub 1997, pp. 441–443.
^ 119.Fulford 1949, pp. 57–58, 276; 119.Hobhouse 1983, pp. viii, 39.
^ 120.Fulford 1949, p. 67; 120.Hobhouse 1983, p. 34.
^ 121.Darby & Smith 1983, p. 21; 121.Hobhouse 1983, p. 158
^ 122.Darby & Smith 1983, p. 28; 122.Hobhouse 1983, p. 162.
^ 123.Darby & Smith 1983, p. 25.
^ 124.Darby & Smith 1983, pp. 2, 6, 58–84.
^ Charles Dickens to 125.John Leech, quoted in 125.Darby & Smith 1983, p. 102 and 125.Hobhouse 1983, p. 169.
^ 126.Hobhouse 1983, pp. 48–49.
^ 127.Hobhouse 1983, p. 53.
^ 128.Fulford 1949, pp. ix–x.
^ e.g. 129.Fulford 1949, pp. 22–23, 44, 104, 167, 209, 240.
^ 130.Armstrong 2008.
^ 131.Jurgensen 2009.
^ 132.Knight 2009.
133.^ 133.Jump up to:a 133.b 133.c 133.d 133.Shaw, William Arthur (1906). The Knights of England. Vol. 1. London: Sharrett & Hughes. pp. 133.56, 133.83, 133.101, 133.334.
^ Nicolas, Sir Nicholas Harris (1842). 134.History of the Orders of Knighthood of the British Empire; of the Order of the Guelphs and of the Medals, Clasps, and Crosses Conferred for the Naval and Military Services. Vol. 3. London: John Hunter. p. 190. Retrieved 26 February 2017.
^ 135."No. 20737". 135.The London Gazette. 25 May 1847. p. 1950.
^ 136."No. 22523". 136.The London Gazette. 25 June 1861. p. 2622.
137.^ 137.Jump up to:a 137.b 137.c 137.d 137.e 137.f 137.g 137."H.R.H. Prince Albert, The Prince Consort (1819-1861)". Regiments.org. Archived from 137.the original on 3 January 2007. Retrieved 30 November 2019.
138.^ 138.Jump up to:a 138.b "Genealogie des Herzogliche Hauses", Adreß-Handbuch des Herzogthums Sachsen-Coburg und Gotha (in German), Coburg and Gotha: Meusel, 1854, pp. 138.9-10
^ "Herzogliche Sachsen-Ernestinischer Hausorden", Adreß-Handbuch des Herzogthums Sachsen-Coburg und Gotha für das Jahr 1837 (in German), Coburg and Gotha: Meusel, 1837, p. 139.11
^ Bragança, Jose Vicente de (2014). 140."Agraciamentos Portugueses Aos Príncipes da Casa Saxe-Coburgo-Gota" [Portuguese Honours awarded to Princes of the House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha]. Pro Phalaris (in Portuguese). 9–10: 7, 12. Retrieved 28 November 2019.
^ H. Tarlier (1854). Almanach royal officiel, publié, exécution d'un arrête du roi (in French). Vol. 1. Brussels. p. 141.37.
^ 142."Königliche Orden". Staatshandbuch für den Freistaat Sachsen: 1860 (in German). Leipzig: Heinrich. 1860. p. 4.
^ "Großherzogliche Hausorden", Staatshandbuch für das Großherzogthum Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach (in German), Weimar: Böhlau, 1859, p. 143.10
^ 144."Badge of the Order of the Golden Fleece". Royal Collection. Retrieved 13 February 2016.
^ "Von Seiner Majestät dem Könige Friedrich Wilhelm IV. ernannte Ritter", Liste der Ritter des Königlich Preußischen Hohen Ordens vom Schwarzen Adler (in German), Berlin: Decker, 1851, p. 145.22
^ Cibrario, Luigi (1869). 146.Notizia storica del nobilissimo ordine supremo della santissima Annunziata. Sunto degli statuti, catalogo dei cavalieri (in Italian). Florence: Eredi Botta. p. 146.110. Retrieved 4 March 2019.
147.^ 147.Jump up to:a 147.b 147.c Kimizuka, Naotaka (2004). 147.女王陛下のブルーリボン: ガーター勲章とイギリス外交 [Her Majesty The Queen's Blue Ribbon: The Order of the Garter and British Diplomacy] (in Japanese). Tokyo: NTT Publishing. 147.ISBN 147.978-4757140738.
^ Jørgen Pedersen (2009). 148.Riddere af Elefantordenen, 1559–2009 (in Danish). Odense: Syddansk Universitetsforlag. p. 470. 148.ISBN 148.978-87-7674-434-2.
^ Sergey Semenovich Levin (2003). "Lists of Knights and Ladies". Order of the Holy Apostle Andrew the First-called (1699-1917). Order of the Holy Great Martyr Catherine (1714-1917). Moscow. p. 25.
^ M. & B. Wattel (2009). Les Grand'Croix de la Légion d'honneur de 1805 à nos jours. Titulaires français et étrangers (in French). Paris: Archives & Culture. p. 523. 150.ISBN 150.978-2-35077-135-9.
^ 151."A Szent István Rend tagjai" (in Hungarian), 151.Archived 22 December 2010 at the 151.Wayback Machine
^ Württemberg (1858). 152."Königliche Orden". Königlich-Württembergisches Hof- und Staats-Handbuch: 1858 (in German). Stuttgart: Guttenberg. p. 31.
^ "Großherzogliche Orden", Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Großherzogthums Baden (in German), Karlsruhe, 1858, pp. 153.33, 153.47
^ "Königliche Orden". 154.Hof- und Staatshandbuch des Königreichs Bayern: 1846 (in German). Munich: Landesamt. 1846. p. 154.9.
^ Staat Hannover (1859). "Königliche Orden". 155.Hof- und Staatshandbuch für das Königreich Hannover: 1859 (in German). Hannover: Berenberg. pp. 155.37, 155.73.
^ 156."No. 21851". 156.The London Gazette. 19 February 1856. p. 624.
^ 157.Louda & Maclagan 1999, pp. 30, 32.
158.^ 158.Jump up to:a 158.b 158.c 158.Pinches & Pinches 1974, pp. 329, 241, 309–310.
^ 159.Aveling & Boutell 1890, p. 285.
^ 160.Weir 1996, pp. 306–321.
^ Huberty, M., Giraud, A., Magdelaine, F. & B. (1976–1994). L'Allemagne Dynastique, Vols I-VII. Le Perreux, France: Alain Giraud
Sources[edit]
⦁Abecasis-Phillips, John (2004). "Prince Albert and the Church – Royal versus Papal Supremacy in the Hampden Controversy". In Davis, John (ed.). Prinz Albert – Ein Wettiner in Großbritannien / Prince Albert – A Wettin in Great Britain. Munich: de Gruyter. pp. 95–110. ⦁ISBN ⦁978-3-598-21422-6.
⦁Ames, Winslow (1968). ⦁Prince Albert and Victorian Taste. London: Chapman and Hall.
⦁Armstrong, Neil (2008). "England and German Christmas Festlichkeit, c. 1800–1914". German History. 26 (4): 486–503. ⦁doi:⦁10.1093/gerhis/ghn047.
⦁Aveling, S. T.; ⦁Boutell, Charles (1890). ⦁Heraldry, Ancient and Modern: Including Boutell's Heraldry (2nd ed.). London and New York: Frederick Warne & Co.
Cust, Lionel (1907). "The Royal Collection of Pictures". The Cornhill Magazine. New Series. XXII: 162–170.
⦁Darby, Elizabeth; Smith, Nicola (1983). ⦁The Cult of the Prince Consort. New Haven and London: Yale University Press. ⦁ISBN ⦁978-0-300-03015-0.
⦁Finestone, Jeffrey (1981). The Last Courts of Europe. London: The Vendome Press. ⦁ISBN ⦁978-0-86565-015-2.
Fulford, Roger (1949). ⦁The Prince Consort. London: Macmillan Publishers.
⦁Hobhouse, Hermione (1983). ⦁Prince Albert: His Life and Work. London: Hamish Hamilton. ⦁ISBN ⦁978-0-241-11142-0.
⦁Jagow, Kurt, ed. (1938). ⦁The Letters of the Prince Consort, 1831–61. London: John Murray.
⦁Jurgensen, John (4 December 2009). ⦁"Victorian Romance: When the dour queen was young and in love". ⦁The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 20 August 2011.
⦁Knight, Chris (17 December 2009). ⦁"A Duchess, a reader and a man named Alistair". ⦁National Post. Retrieved 20 August 2011.
⦁Louda, Jiří; ⦁Maclagan, Michael (1999) [1981]. Lines of Succession: Heraldry of the Royal Families of Europe (2nd ed.). London: Little, Brown. ⦁ISBN ⦁978-0-316-84820-6.
Martin, Theodore (1874–80). The Life of H. R. H. the Prince Consort. 5 volumes, authorised by Queen Victoria.
Montgomery-Massingberd, Hugh, ed. (1977). Burke's Royal Families of the World (1st ed.). London: Burke's Peerage. ⦁ISBN ⦁978-0-85011-023-4.
⦁Murphy, James (2001). Abject Loyalty: Nationalism and Monarchy in Ireland During the Reign of Queen Victoria. Washington DC: Catholic University of America Press. ⦁ISBN ⦁978-0-8132-1076-6.
Pinches, John Harvey; Pinches, Rosemary (1974). Heraldry Today: The Royal Heraldry of England. Slough, Buckinghamshire: Hollen Street Press. ⦁ISBN ⦁978-0-900455-25-4.
⦁Rhodes James, Robert (1983). ⦁Albert, Prince Consort: A Biography. New York: Knopf. ⦁ISBN ⦁0-394-40763-6.
⦁Stewart, Jules (2012). ⦁Albert: A Life. London; New York: I.B. Tauris. ⦁ISBN ⦁978-1-84885-977-7. ⦁OCLC ⦁760284773.
Weintraub, Stanley (1997). ⦁Albert: Uncrowned King. London: John Murray. ⦁ISBN ⦁978-0-7195-5756-9.
Weintraub, Stanley (2004). ⦁"Albert [Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha] (1819–1861)". ⦁Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online, January 2008 ed.). Oxford University Press. ⦁doi:⦁10.1093/ref:odnb/274. Retrieved 4 August 2009. (subscription required)
Weir, Alison (1996). Britain's Royal Families: The Complete Genealogy (Revised ed.). London: Random House. ⦁ISBN ⦁978-0-7126-7448-5.
Further reading[edit]
⦁Eyck, Frank. The Prince Consort: a political biography (Chatto, 1959), a scholarly study ⦁online.
⦁Haspel, Paul. "England's Unsung Hero of the American Civil War" North & South: The Official Magazine of the Civil War Society (July 2007), 10#2 pp 48–52; how Prince Albert aided the peaceful resolution of the 'Trent' affair in 1861.
⦁Hough, Richard. Victoria & Albert: Their Love & Their Tragedies (1996)
⦁Lalumia, Christine. "Scrooge and Albert" History Today (2001) 51#12 pp. 23–29.
⦁LeMay, G. H. L. "Prince Albert and the British Constitution" History Today (1953) 3#6 pp. 411–416.
⦁Rappaport, Helen. Magnificent obsession: Victoria, Albert and the death that changed the monarchy (Random House, 2011).
⦁Walton, Oliver. "Distant patron: Prince Albert and the Development of the Coburg-Gotha Economy." Acta Oeconomica Pragensia 2008.1 (2008): 117–130. ⦁online
External links[edit]
ImageWikimedia Commons has media related to Albert, Prince Consort.

ImageWikiquote has quotations related to Albert, Prince Consort.
Portraits of Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha at the ⦁National Portrait Gallery, London Image
Works by Albert, Prince Consort at ⦁Project Gutenberg
Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha at the ⦁Royal Collection
⦁Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). ⦁"Albert (Francis Charles Augustus Albert Emmanuel)" . ⦁Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 1 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 495–496.
Prince Albert (1819–1861), BBC History
UK Parliamentary Archives, Oaths of Prince Albert, Duke of Saxe, Prince of Saxe Coburg and Gotha
Albert, Prince Consort
House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
Cadet branch of the House of Wettin
Born: 26 August 1819 Died: 14 December 1861
British royalty
Vacant
Title last held by
Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen
as queen consortPrince consort of the United Kingdom
(created "Prince Consort" 1857)
1840–1861Vacant
Title next held by
Alexandra of Denmark
as queen consort
Military offices
Preceded by
Philip PhilpotColonel of the 11th (Prince Albert's Own) Hussars
1840–1842Succeeded by
Sir Arthur Benjamin Clifton
Preceded by
The Earl LudlowColonel of the Scots Fusilier Guards
1842–1852Succeeded by
The Duke of Cambridge
Preceded by
The Duke of WellingtonColonel of the Grenadier Guards
1852–1861
Colonel-in-Chief of the Rifle Brigade
1852–1861Succeeded by
The Lord Seaton
Court offices
Preceded by
The Marquess of HertfordLord Warden of the Stannaries
1842–1861Succeeded by
The Duke of Newcastle
Academic offices
Preceded by
The Duke of NorthumberlandChancellor of the University of Cambridge
1847–1861Succeeded by
The Duke of Devonshire
Honorary titles
Preceded by
The Duke of SussexGreat Master of the Order of the Bath
1847–1861
Acting 1843–1847Vacant
Title next held by
The Prince of Wales

show
v
t
e
Chancellors of the University of Cambridge
show
v
t
e
British royal consorts

show
v
t
e
Princes of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld
show
v
t
e
Princes of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha

show
v
t
e
British princes
show
v
t
e
Great Masters of the Order of the Bath

show
v
t
e
Queen Victoria
show
============================================
Categories in live link form found at  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert,_Prince_Consort
Albert, Prince Consort
1819 births
1861 deaths
People from Coburg
House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (United Kingdom)
Princes of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
Princes of the United Kingdom
19th-century British people
11th Hussars officers
British field marshals
British royal consorts
German Protestants
British Protestants
Chancellors of the University of Cambridge
German emigrants to the United Kingdom
Grenadier Guards officers
Honorary Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh
Presidents of the Zoological Society of London
Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom
Presidents of the British Science Association
Queen Victoria
Scots Guards officers
University of Bonn alumni
Royal reburials
Knights of the Garter
Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath
Great Masters of the Order of the Bath
Knights of the Thistle
Knights of St Patrick
Knights Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George
Knights Companion of the Order of the Star of India
Grand Crosses of the Order of Saint Stephen of Hungary
Knights of the Golden Fleece of Spain
Grand Croix of the Légion d'honneur
Bailiffs Grand Cross of Honour and Devotion of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta
Grand Crosses of the Order of Aviz
Grand Crosses of the Order of Christ (Portugal)
Grand Crosses of the Order of Saint James of the Sword
Recipients of the Order of the Tower and Sword
Recipients of the Order of the White Eagle (Russia)
Recipients of the Order of St. Anna, 1st class
Recipients of the Order of the Medjidie, 1st class
Recipients of the Order of the Netherlands Lion
Members of Trinity House
================================================================

Languages
Deutsch
Español
Français
한국어
Italiano
Русский
Tagalog
Tiếng Việt
中文
49 more
=================================================
This page was last edited on 29 May 2022, at 14:27 (UTC).

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy.

Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
====================================================================================

====End of Wikibio=========prior posts below FYA FYH and FYI========================
====End of Wikibio=========prior posts below FYA FYH and FYI========================
None included from any of the original researchers including possibly rarely myself
unless shown below

Heeft u aanvullingen, correcties of vragen met betrekking tot Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha , Prince Consort [[31ggcCh-Wikibio+]]?
De auteur van deze publicatie hoort het graag van u!


Tijdbalk Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha , Prince Consort [[31ggcCh-Wikibio+]]

  Deze functionaliteit is alleen beschikbaar voor browsers met Javascript ondersteuning.
Klik op de namen voor meer informatie. Gebruikte symbolen: grootouders grootouders   ouders ouders   broers-zussen broers/zussen   kinderen kinderen

Voorouders (en nakomelingen) van Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha


Via Snelzoeken kunt u zoeken op naam, voornaam gevolgd door een achternaam. U typt enkele letters in (minimaal 3) en direct verschijnt er een lijst met persoonsnamen binnen deze publicatie. Hoe meer letters u intypt hoe specifieker de resultaten. Klik op een persoonsnaam om naar de pagina van die persoon te gaan.

  • Of u kleine letters of hoofdletters intypt maak niet uit.
  • Wanneer u niet zeker bent over de voornaam of exacte schrijfwijze dan kunt u een sterretje (*) gebruiken. Voorbeeld: "*ornelis de b*r" vindt zowel "cornelis de boer" als "kornelis de buur".
  • Het is niet mogelijk om tekens anders dan het alfabet in te voeren (dus ook geen diacritische tekens als ö en é).

De getoonde gegevens hebben geen bronnen.

Aanknopingspunten in andere publicaties

Deze persoon komt ook voor in de publicatie:

Historische gebeurtenissen

Geboortedag 26 augustus 1819

  • De temperatuur op 26 augustus 1819 lag rond de 20,0 °C. De wind kwam overheersend uit het noord-noord-oosten. Typering van het weer: half bewolkt. Bron: KNMI
  • De Republiek der Verenigde Nederlanden werd in 1794-1795 door de Fransen veroverd onder leiding van bevelhebber Charles Pichegru (geholpen door de Nederlander Herman Willem Daendels); de verovering werd vergemakkelijkt door het dichtvriezen van de Waterlinie; Willem V moest op 18 januari 1795 uitwijken naar Engeland (en van daaruit in 1801 naar Duitsland); de patriotten namen de macht over van de aristocratische regenten en proclameerden de Bataafsche Republiek; op 16 mei 1795 werd het Haags Verdrag gesloten, waarmee ons land een vazalstaat werd van Frankrijk; in 3.1796 kwam er een Nationale Vergadering; in 1798 pleegde Daendels een staatsgreep, die de unitarissen aan de macht bracht; er kwam een nieuwe grondwet, die een Vertegenwoordigend Lichaam (met een Eerste en Tweede Kamer) instelde en als regering een Directoire; in 1799 sloeg Daendels bij Castricum een Brits-Russische invasie af; in 1801 kwam er een nieuwe grondwet; bij de Vrede van Amiens (1802) kreeg ons land van Engeland zijn koloniën terug (behalve Ceylon); na de grondwetswijziging van 1805 kwam er een raadpensionaris als eenhoofdig gezag, namelijk Rutger Jan Schimmelpenninck (van 31 oktober 1761 tot 25 maart 1825).
  • In het jaar 1819: Bron: Wikipedia
    • 22 februari » Spanje moet Florida afstaan aan de Verenigde Staten.
    • 4 juni » Paus Pius VII stelt één nieuwe kardinaal aan.
    • 14 december » Alabama wordt de 22ste staat van de Verenigde Staten van Amerika.
    • 17 december » Simón Bolívar sticht Colombia.

Trouwdag 10 februari 1840

  • De temperatuur op 10 februari 1840 lag rond de 8,0 °C. De wind kwam overheersend uit het zuid-zuid-oosten. Typering van het weer: omtrent betrokken regen. Bron: KNMI
  • De Republiek der Verenigde Nederlanden werd in 1794-1795 door de Fransen veroverd onder leiding van bevelhebber Charles Pichegru (geholpen door de Nederlander Herman Willem Daendels); de verovering werd vergemakkelijkt door het dichtvriezen van de Waterlinie; Willem V moest op 18 januari 1795 uitwijken naar Engeland (en van daaruit in 1801 naar Duitsland); de patriotten namen de macht over van de aristocratische regenten en proclameerden de Bataafsche Republiek; op 16 mei 1795 werd het Haags Verdrag gesloten, waarmee ons land een vazalstaat werd van Frankrijk; in 3.1796 kwam er een Nationale Vergadering; in 1798 pleegde Daendels een staatsgreep, die de unitarissen aan de macht bracht; er kwam een nieuwe grondwet, die een Vertegenwoordigend Lichaam (met een Eerste en Tweede Kamer) instelde en als regering een Directoire; in 1799 sloeg Daendels bij Castricum een Brits-Russische invasie af; in 1801 kwam er een nieuwe grondwet; bij de Vrede van Amiens (1802) kreeg ons land van Engeland zijn koloniën terug (behalve Ceylon); na de grondwetswijziging van 1805 kwam er een raadpensionaris als eenhoofdig gezag, namelijk Rutger Jan Schimmelpenninck (van 31 oktober 1761 tot 25 maart 1825).
  • In het jaar 1840: Bron: Wikipedia
    • Nederland had zo'n 2,9 miljoen inwoners.
    • 17 januari » De Republiek van de Rio Grande verklaart zich onafhankelijk van Mexico.
    • 2 juni » Oprichting van het Apostolisch Vicariaat Limburg in Nederland.
    • 2 juni » Oprichting van het Apostolisch vicariaat Luxemburg.
    • 7 oktober » Koning Willem I doet afstand van de troon.
    • 20 oktober » Het gipsverband wordt uitgevonden door de Belgische chirurg Louis Seutin.
    • 15 december » De resten van Napoleon Bonaparte worden bijgezet in de Invalides.

Dag van overlijden 14 december 1861

  • De temperatuur op 14 december 1861 lag rond de 8,2 °C. De winddruk was 12 kgf/m2 en kwam overheersend uit het west-zuid-westen. De luchtdruk bedroeg 76 cm kwik. De relatieve luchtvochtigheid was 86%. Bron: KNMI
  • Koning Willem III (Huis van Oranje-Nassau) was van 1849 tot 1890 vorst van Nederland (ook wel Koninkrijk der Nederlanden genoemd)
  • Van 23 februari 1860 tot 14 maart 1861 was er in Nederland het kabinet Van Hall - Van Heemstra met als eerste ministers Mr. F.A. baron Van Hall (conservatief-liberaal) en Mr. S. baron Van Heemstra (liberaal).
  • Van 14 maart 1861 tot 31 januari 1862 was er in Nederland het kabinet Van Zuijlen van Nijevelt - Loudon met als eerste ministers Mr. J.P.P. baron Van Zuijlen van Nijevelt (conservatief-liberaal) en Mr. J. Loudon (liberaal).
  • In het jaar 1861: Bron: Wikipedia
    • Nederland had zo'n 3,6 miljoen inwoners.
    • 29 januari » Kansas ratificeert de Grondwet van de Verenigde Staten van Amerika en treedt toe tot de Unie als 34e staat.
    • 9 februari » Jefferson Davis wordt gekozen als eerste en enige president van de Geconfedereerde Staten van Amerika.
    • 18 februari » Jefferson Davis legt de eed af als president van de Geconfedereerde Staten van Amerika.
    • 4 maart » Abraham Lincoln wordt beëdigd als 16e president van de Verenigde Staten
    • 31 oktober » Frankrijk, het Verenigd Koninkrijk en Spanje sluiten het Verdrag van Londen, waarin ze besloten over te gaan tot interventie in Mexico (ook wel bekend als de Tweede Onafhankelijkheidsoorlog)
    • 17 december » Slag bij Rowlett's Station (Amerikaanse Burgeroorlog).

Dag van begraven 23 december 1861

  • De temperatuur op 23 december 1861 lag rond de 5,4 °C. De winddruk was 4.5 kgf/m2 en kwam overheersend uit het noord-oosten. De luchtdruk bedroeg 77 cm kwik. De relatieve luchtvochtigheid was 70%. Bron: KNMI
  • Koning Willem III (Huis van Oranje-Nassau) was van 1849 tot 1890 vorst van Nederland (ook wel Koninkrijk der Nederlanden genoemd)
  • Van 23 februari 1860 tot 14 maart 1861 was er in Nederland het kabinet Van Hall - Van Heemstra met als eerste ministers Mr. F.A. baron Van Hall (conservatief-liberaal) en Mr. S. baron Van Heemstra (liberaal).
  • Van 14 maart 1861 tot 31 januari 1862 was er in Nederland het kabinet Van Zuijlen van Nijevelt - Loudon met als eerste ministers Mr. J.P.P. baron Van Zuijlen van Nijevelt (conservatief-liberaal) en Mr. J. Loudon (liberaal).
  • In het jaar 1861: Bron: Wikipedia
    • Nederland had zo'n 3,6 miljoen inwoners.
    • 11 maart » De grondwet van de Geconfedereerde Staten van Amerika wordt aangenomen.
    • 12 april » Aanval op Fort Sumter, de eerste slag in de Amerikaanse Burgeroorlog.
    • 10 juni » Slag bij Big Bethel tijdens de Amerikaanse Burgeroorlog. Het is een van de eerste veldslagen dat resulteerde in een Zuidelijke overwinning.
    • 1 juli » In Rome verschijnt het eerste nummer van de L'Osservatore Romano, het officiële nieuwsblad van het Vaticaan.
    • 30 september » De 3739 meter hoge Weißkugel, gelegen in Oostenrijk, wordt voor de eerste maal beklommen.
    • 17 december » Slag bij Rowlett's Station (Amerikaanse Burgeroorlog).


Dezelfde geboorte/sterftedag

Bron: Wikipedia

Bron: Wikipedia


Over de familienaam Saxe-Coburg and Gotha


De publicatie Genealogie Wylie is opgesteld door .neem contact op
Wilt u bij het overnemen van gegevens uit deze stamboom alstublieft een verwijzing naar de herkomst opnemen:
Kin Mapper, "Genealogie Wylie", database, Genealogie Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/genealogie-wylie/I398085.php : benaderd 14 mei 2024), "Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha , Prince Consort [[31ggcCh-Wikibio+]] (1819-1861)".