Genealogie Wylie » Svend (Sweyn) II Ulfsson King of Denmark (± 1020-1074)

Persoonlijke gegevens Svend (Sweyn) II Ulfsson King of Denmark 

• Ook bekend als Sven II /Estridsen/, King of Denmark.
• Hij is geboren rond 1020 in England.Bron 4
• Hij is overleden op 28 april 1074 in Soderup, Abenraa, Denmark.Bron 4
• Hij is begraven in Hellige-Trefolg, Roskilde, Denmark.
• Een kind van Ulf Thorgilsson en Estrid Svensdottir
• Deze gegevens zijn voor het laatst bijgewerkt op 21 augustus 2023.

Gezin van Svend (Sweyn) II Ulfsson King of Denmark

(1) Hij is getrouwd met Tora Torbergsdottir.

Zij zijn getrouwd te No Marriage.

Kind(eren):

1. Canute IV Svendsson  ± 1043-1086 

(2) Hij heeft/had een relatie met Gunnhild Svendsdottir.

Kind(eren):

1. Ingegard Svensdottir  ± 1050-????
2. Svend Svendsson  ± 1053-1104 
3. Erik I "Evergood" Svendsson King of Denmark  ± 1055-1103 

(3) Hij had een relatie met Rannveig Tordsdottir.

(4) Hij had een relatie met Elizabeth.

Kind(eren):

1. Niels Svendsson King of Denmark  ± 1063-1134 

Notities over Svend (Sweyn) II Ulfsson King of Denmark

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Sweyn II of Denmark

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Sweyn II

Reconstruction of Sweyn Estridsson's head based on the skull
King of Denmark
Reign1047–1076[1]
PredecessorMagnus the Good
SuccessorHarald III the Whetstone
Bornc. 1019
England
Died28 April 1076
Søderup, Hjordkær Parish, Denmark
BurialRoskilde Cathedral
Spouse
Gyda of Sweden
Gunnhildr Sveinsdóttir
Tora Torbergsdatter
Issue
among others...
Harald Hen
Canute the Saint
Olaf Hunger
Eric Evergood
Niels
Ingerid, Queen of Norway
Sweyn the Crusader
Svend Tronkræver
Sigrid Svendsdatter
Names
Sweyn Estridsson Ulfsson Sweyn II
HouseEstridsen
FatherUlf Thorgilsson
MotherEstrid Svendsdatter
ReligionRoman Catholicism
Sweyn Estridsson Ulfsson[a] (Old Norse: Sveinn Ástríðarson, Danish: Svend Estridsen; c. 1019 – 28 April 1076)[2][3] was King of Denmark (being Sweyn II) from 1047 until his death in 1076. He was the son of Ulf Thorgilsson and Estrid Svendsdatter, and the grandson of Sweyn Forkbeard through his mother's line. He was married three times, and fathered 20 children or more out of wedlock, including the five future kings Harald Hen, Canute the Saint, Oluf Hunger, Eric Evergood, and Niels.

He was courageous in battle, but did not have much success as a military commander.[4] His skeleton reveals that he was a tall, powerfully built man who walked with a limp.

Biography
Accession to the throne
Sweyn was born in England,[4] as the son of Ulf Thorgilsson and Estrid Svendsdatter, the latter of whom was the daughter of King Sweyn I Forkbeard and sister of Kings Harald II and Canute the Great. Sweyn grew up a military leader, and served under king Anund Jacob of Sweden for a time.[4] He pillaged the Elbe-Weser area in 1040, but was caught by the Archbishop of Hamburg-Bremen, who released him shortly thereafter.[5]

Svend was made a jarl under Danish king Harthacnut (the two were first cousins),[4] and led a campaign for him against Norway, but was beaten by Magnus I of Norway.[5] When Harthacnut died in 1042, Magnus claimed the Danish throne and made Svend the jarl of Jutland.[6] In 1043, Sweyn fought for Magnus at the Battle of Lyrskov Heath at Hedeby, near the present-day border of Denmark and Germany.[5] Sweyn won a great reputation at Lyrskov Heath, and had the Danish nobles crown him king in Viborg in Jutland.[6] He was defeated by Magnus on several occasions, and had to flee to Sweden. Eventually he managed to return and establish a foothold in Scania.[5]

The war between Magnus and Sweyn lasted until 1045, when Magnus' uncle Harald Hardrada returned to Norway from exile. Harald and Sweyn joined forces, and Magnus decided to share the Norwegian throne with Harald.[4] In 1047 Magnus died, having stated on his deathbed that his kingdom would be divided: Harald would get the throne of Norway, while Sweyn would be king of Denmark.[6] Upon hearing of Magnus' death Sweyn said, "Now so help me God, I shall never yield Denmark".[7]

Feud with Harald Hardrada
Harald, unwilling to relinquish Denmark, attacked Sweyn and fought a long war. Harald sacked Hedeby in 1050, and also sacked Aarhus.[5] Sweyn almost captured Harald in 1050, when Harald attacked the coast of Jutland and loaded his ships with goods and captives. Sweyn's flotilla caught up with the Norwegians and Harald ordered his men to throw out the captured goods, thinking the Danes would stop to get the goods. Sweyn ordered his men to leave the goods and go after Harald. Harald then ordered his men to throw the captives overboard. For them Sweyn was willing to let Harald slip away.[7] Sweyn came close to losing his life at the naval Battle of Niså off the coast of Halland in 1062.[4] According to the sagas Harald urged Sweyn to meet him in a final and decisive battle at Elv in the spring of 1062.[8] When Sweyn and the Danish army did not show up, Harald sent home a large part of his army, only keeping the more professional warriors in his fleet. When Sweyn finally came to meet Harald, his fleet numbered 300 ships to Harald's 150.[9] The fleets met at night and the battle lasted until morning, when the Danes started to flee. In the sagas the Norwegian victory is largely credited to earl Haakon Ivarsson, who disengaged his ships from the Norwegian flanks and started attacking the weakened ships on the Danish flanks.[10] This might be the aiding Norwegian chieftain that Saxo Grammaticus refers to, as turning the tide in Norwegian favour.[11] Sweyn managed to escape the battle, reached land and stopped at the house of a peasant to ask for something to eat. "What was the terrible rumbling in the night?" she asked. "Didn't you know the two kings were fighting all night?" asked one of Sweyn's men. "Who won, then?" the woman asked. "Norwegians," came the reply. "It's a shame on us, for a king we already have. He limps and is timid." "No," King Sweyn explained, "Timid the king of the Danes is assuredly not,"[clarification needed] defended another of the king's men, "but luck isn't with him and he lacks a victory." The housecarl brought the men water and a towel to wash themselves. As the king was drying his hands, the woman tore the cloth from him, "You should be ashamed of yourself for using the whole towel for yourself," she scolded. "The day will come when I will have your permission to use the whole cloth," was the king's comment. Her husband gave the king a horse and Sweyn continued on his way to Zealand.

Some time later the peasant was called to Zealand and given lands there for his service to the king, but his wife had to remain behind in Halland.[7] Sweyn had a reputation for generosity and kindness that helped him on several occasions to win the trust of his people. Harald relinquished his claims to Denmark in 1064,[4] in exchange for Sweyn's recognition of Harald as Harald III of Norway.[6] Harald then sailed off to England to claim the crown of England, and was killed there.

Consolidation of power

Coin of Sweyn II.

Sven Estridson coin pendant, found in Mildenhall, Suffolk. British Museum.

Coin of Sven Estridson. British Museum.
Sweyn's connection to the Danish kings was his mother Estrid Svendsdatter, and he took the matronymic surname Estridsson after her, emphasizing his link to the Danish royal house.[5] He also minted his own coins.

Sweyn sought to consolidate his power through links to the church as well as foreign powers, and actively sought the friendship of the popes.[4] He wanted his eldest son Knud Magnus crowned by the Pope, but Knud died on the journey to Rome. He also unsuccessfully pressed for Harald Bluetooth, the first Christian king of Denmark, to be sanctified. He was an ally of Emperor Henry III against Count Baldwin V of Flanders in 1049, and Sweyn assisted his son-in-law Gottschalk in the Liutizi Civil War of 1057.[5]

After Harald Hardrada was killed, and William the Conqueror had conquered England, Sweyn turned his attention to England, once ruled by his uncle Canute the Great. He joined forces with Edgar Atheling, the last remaining heir of the Anglo-Saxon royal house, and sent a force to attack king William in 1069. However, after capturing York, Sweyn accepted a payment from William to desert Edgar, who then returned into exile in Scotland. Sweyn failed another attempt in 1074/1075.[5]

Relationship with the church
Sweyn feared that Archbishop Adalbert of Hamburg would fill the upper ranks of Denmark's churches with Germans, so he brought Anglo-Danes over from England to keep the Danish church independent. Under the influence of Sweyn,[12] Denmark was divided into eight dioceses around 1060.[13] He set the dioceses up by donating large tracts of land, with the Diocese of Roskilde being the most-favoured one, as he had a good relationship with Bishop Vilhelm of Roskilde.[5] When Archbishop Adalbert died in 1072, Sweyn was able to deal directly with the Holy See.

He brought scholars to Denmark to teach him and his people Latin so they could converse with the rest of Europe on equal terms. Adam of Bremen travelled to meet this learned king and came away with greater respect for the king's patience and wisdom. Sweyn encouraged the building of churches all over Denmark, and Adam of Bremen was astounded that there were 300 churches in Scania alone, more than in all the other countries of the north put together.[citation needed]

Death
King Sweyn died at the royal estate Søderup, 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) west of Åbenrå at the Little Belt strait. The Danish chronicles inaccurately date his death to 1074, but it is known that he received and answered letters in 1075 and died in 1076.[3][2] The king's body was carried to Roskilde Cathedral where he was interred in a pillar of the choir next to the remains of Bishop Vilhelm (who was the actual person who died in 1074). Later he was called the "father of kings" because five of his fifteen sons became kings of Denmark.[7]

He was the last Viking ruler of Denmark and an ancestor of all subsequent Danish kings.[14] The remains of other Danish kings are also entombed in Roskilde Cathedral. According to the saga, Sweyn's mother was entombed inside a pillar across from the chapel. However, analysis of mitochondrial DNA proved that this person was not the king's mother, as his mtDNA indicated Haplogroup H, HVR1 7028C.[14]

Legacy
One of the legacies of King Sweyn was a fundamental change in Danish society which had been based on whether a person was free or a bondsman. Sweyn is often considered to be Denmark's last Viking king as well as the first medieval one. A strengthened church in alliance with the land-owning noble families begin to pit their power against the royal family. The peasants were left to fend for themselves.[15]

Sweyn built a strong foundation for royal power through cooperation with the church. He completed the final partition of Denmark into dioceses by corresponding directly with the pope, bypassing the Archbishop of Hamburg-Bremen. During his reign hundreds of small wooden churches were built throughout the kingdom; many were rebuilt in stone in the 12th century.[5] Sweyn sought to create a Nordic Archbishopric under Danish rule, a feat which his son Eric I accomplished.[12]

Sweyn seems to have been able to read and write, and was described as an especially educated monarch by his personal friend Pope Gregory VII.[12] He is the source of much of our current knowledge about Denmark and Sweden in the 9th and 10th centuries, having told the story of his ancestry to historian Adam of Bremen around 1070.

Family
Sweyn's first marriage was to Gyda of Sweden, daughter of king Anund Jacob of Sweden. His second marriage, in 1050, was to Gunnhildr Sveinsdóttir, the stepmother of Gyda. The Archbishop of Hamburg-Bremen ordered that the union be dissolved,[5] which was effectuated by Pope Leo IX.[12] After Harald Hardrada's death, Sweyn married his widow Tora Torbergsdatter. He took one mistress after another during his life. Sweyn fathered at least 20 children, of whom only one was born in wedlock.[4]

With Gunnhildr:

Svend Svendsen, who died young[4]
With various concubines:[4]

Knud Magnus
Harald III Hen of Denmark (d. 1080)
Canute IV the Saint of Denmark (d. 1086)
Olaf I Hunger of Denmark (d. 1095)
Eric I Evergood of Denmark (d. 1103)
Svend Tronkræver (d. 1104)
Ulf Svendsen (Ubbe) (d. 1104)
Benedict Svendsen (d. 1086)
Bjørn Svendsen, Duke of Nordalbingien from 1099 (d. 1100)[16]
Niels of Denmark (d. 1134)
Sigrid Svendsdatter (d. 1066), wife of prince Gottschalk
Ingerid, wife of Olav III of Norway
Sweyn the Crusader (d. 1097)
Thorgils Svendsen
Sigurd Svendsen, died in war against the Wends[4]
Guttorm Svendsen
Ømund Svendsen
Gunhild Svendsdatter (Helene)
Ragnhild Svendsdatter, wife of Svein Aslaksson
See also
Media related to Sweyn II of Denmark at Wikimedia Commons

List of Danish monarchs
Notes
His first name is also spelled Swen, Swein, Svein and Sven, and his last name as Estridson, Estrithson or Estridsøn.
References
Monarkiet i Danmark – Kongerækken Archived 2009-11-18 at the Wayback Machine at The Danish Monarchy
Steenstrup, Johannes C. H. R. (1903). "Svend Estridsen". In Bricka, Carl Frederik (ed.). Dansk Biografisk Leksikon (in Danish). Vol. 17. Kjøbenhavn: Gyldendalske Boghandels Forlag (F. Hegel & Søn). p. 4. Retrieved 2007-02-22. Sweyn died at the royal estate Søderup in [the Duchy of] Schleswig April 28, 1076 (the Danish annals have, certainly incorrect, 1074) and was buried in Roskilde Cathedral. [S. døde paa Kongsgaarden i Søderup i Slesvig 28. April 1076 (de danske Aarbøger have, sikkert urigtig, 1074) og blev begravet i Roskilde Domkirke.]
Ræder, J. G. F. (1871). "Danmark under Svend Estridsen og hans Sønner (Copenhagen, pp. 202–203)". archive.org. Retrieved 2017-02-22. At Vilhelm er død før Kongen, meddeles af de ikke meget senere Skribenter Anonymus Roskild. (Lgb.I. S. 378) og Ætnothus (Lgb.III. S. 338). At fremdeles Svend Estridsen døde 1076 og ikke allerede 1074, er ligeledes hævet over enhver Tvivl; naar nu ikke destomindre en hel Række Kildeskrifter lader ham dø allerede 1074, saa synes dette at hænge sammen med det allerede tidlig opstaaede og hos Saxo opbevarede Sagn om, at Vilhelm døde faa Dage efter Kongen og af Sorg over hans Død. Det kan da tænkes , at man har draget Kongens Død tilbage til Bispens Dødsaar 1074, ligesom Nyere (t. Ex. Molbech, hist. Aarb. III S. 19) drage Bispens Dødsaar frem til 1076 for at faa Begges Dødsaar til at falde sammen." ... & ... "men derimod giver en ny Skrivelse, som Paven afsendte til Svend d. 17. April s. A. [1075], En det bestemte Indtryk, at der i Mellemtiden er foregaaet Noget, hvorved Svend har gjort sig Paven forbunden
Bricka, Carl Frederik, Dansk Biografisk Lexikon, vol. XVII [Svend Tveskjæg – Tøxen], 1903, pp.3–5.
Stefan Pajung, Artikel: Svend Estridsen ca. 1019-1074/76, danmarkshistorien.dk, Aarhus University, January 19, 2010
Louise Kæmpe Henriksen, Historiske Personer – Svend Estridsen – konge af Danmark 1047–74., vikingeskibsmuseet.dk
Huitfeldt, Arild. Danmarks Riges Krønike
http://mcllibrary.org/Heimskringla/hardrade2.html, p.61
http://mcllibrary.org/Heimskringla/hardrade2.html, p.63
http://mcllibrary.org/Heimskringla/hardrade2.html, p.65
"Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2013-09-01.
Svend 2. Estridsen at Gyldendal Åbne Encyklopædi
Diocese of Lund, Diocese of Odense, Diocese of Ribe, Diocese of Roskilde, Diocese of Schleswig, Diocese of Viborg, Diocese of Vestervig, and Diocese of Aarhus.
iGenea – DNA profiles and haplogroups of famous persons: Sven II Estridsen – the last Viking King, accessed July 2018.
Danmarks Historie II perbenny.dk
Kings and Queens of Denmark at JMarcussen.dk
Sweyn Estridson
House of Estridsen
Born: c. 1019 Died: April 28 1076
Regnal titles
Preceded by
Magnus the Good
King of Denmark
1047–1076Succeeded by
Harald III
vte
Monarchs of Denmark
vte
Norman Conquest
Authority control Edit this at Wikidata
Sturlason, Snorre. Heimskringla – The Norse King Sagas.
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Categories https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweyn_II_of_Denmark :
House of Estridsen
1010s births
1076 deaths
Burials at Roskilde Cathedral
11th-century kings of Denmark
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Sweyn II ESTRIDSEN, Danish SVEND ESTRIDSEN, Norwegian SVEIN ESTRIDSSON(b. c 1020, Denmark - d. 28 April 1074, Denmark), king of Denmark(1047-74) who ended a short period of Norwegian domination (1042-47).

The son of Ulf, a Danish earl, and Estrid, a sister of Canute I the Great, Sweyn fled to Sweden after his father was murdered in 1027 on orders of Canute. After the death of Canute (1035), when Hardecanute was ruling in Denmark and Magnus in Norway, the young kings agreed that whoever lived longer would rule both countries. Under this agreement Magnus became king also of Denmark in 1042 [when Hardecanute died] and appointed Sweyn viceroy. While Magnus was fighting the Wends (Slavs) in1043, Sweyn, who was favoured by the Danish nobles, was proclaimed king, provoking a war over the Danish throne with Magnus and then with his successor, Harald III Hardraade (reigned 1045-1066).

Although Sweyn's forces were continually defeated, Harald's troops were mainly interested in plunder and failed to conquer Denmark. The two rulers recognized each other as sovereign in their respective countries in 1064 while Harald was preparing to attack England. Strengthened by Harald's death in 1066, Sweyn sponsored a successful Danish attack on England in 1069, aiding Anglo-Saxon rebels against William I the Conqueror. Although the Danish forces achieved a favourable position,Sweyn, by an agreement with William I in 1070 withdrew his troops.

On returning to Denmark, Sweyn worked to free the Danish Christian churchfrom control by the archbishop of Bremen and by the English church, and he cooperated with Pope Gregory VII. Knowledgeable in history and geography, Sweyn was Adam of Bremen's main source on Scandinavian affars in the latter's valuable "Gesta Hammaburgensis ecclesiaue pontificum" (c.1070-75; "History of the Archbishops of Hamburg-Bremen"). Five ofSweyn's sons succeeded to the throne, and his dynasty (the Valdemars) reigned for 300 years. [Encyclopaedia Britannica]

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Note: Svend had so many mistresses (Gunnhild-his cousin, Jutta, Jakob of Sweden, Tora, Gunnhild-widow of Anund Jakob, Elizabeth, and "others" -one of whom may have been a legitimate wife) that Royal Families of Medieval Scandinavia makes no attempt at assigning children (he had at least 17) to the various mistresses. I have purposely distributed the children among many of the different mistresses.

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