Genealogie Wylie » Erik IV "Victorious" Bjornsson King of (Erik IV "Victorious" Bjornsson King of) Sweden (935-994)

Persoonlijke gegevens Erik IV "Victorious" Bjornsson King of (Erik IV "Victorious" Bjornsson King of) Sweden 

• Ook bekend als Erik /Bjornsson/, King of Sweden.
• Roepnaam Erik IV "Victorious" Bjornsson King of.
• Hij is geboren in het jaar 0935 in Sweden.Bronnen 16, 17
• (Fact 1 ) .Bron 4
• Hij is overleden in het jaar 0994 in Uppsala, Sweden, hij was toen 59 jaar oud.Bronnen 16, 17, 18
• Een kind van Bjorn "The Old" Eriksson King of Sweden
• Deze gegevens zijn voor het laatst bijgewerkt op 25 april 2023.

Gezin van Erik IV "Victorious" Bjornsson King of (Erik IV "Victorious" Bjornsson King of) Sweden

(1) Hij is getrouwd met Sigrid "The Haughty" Storrada.

Zij zijn getrouwd te 1st wife-divorced after 985.Bronnen 19, 20

Kind(eren):

1. Olaf III Eriksson King of Sweden  ± 969-± 1022 

(2) Hij is getrouwd met Oda Hakonsdottir.

Zij zijn getrouwd na 0985 te 2nd wife.Bronnen 19, 20

Kind(eren):

1. Holmfrid Eriksdottir  ± 987-???? 

(3) Hij is getrouwd met Gunnhild of Poland.

Zij zijn getrouwd na 0990 te 3rd wife.Bronnen 11, 15

Notities over Erik IV "Victorious" Bjornsson King of (Erik IV "Victorious" Bjornsson King of) Sweden

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_the_Victorious

WikipediaThe Free Encyclopedia

Eric the Victorious

Eric's kingdom
Saga sources
Adam of Bremen
Family
See also
References
External links

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_the_Victorious

Eric the Victorious
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Eric the Victorious
Eric the victorious.jpg
Eric praying to Odin before the Battle of Fýrisvellir, as envisioned by Twentieth century artist Jenny Nyström
King of Sweden
Reignc. 970 – c. 995[1]
SuccessorOlof Skötkonung
Bornc. 945
Diedc. 995
BurialOld Uppsala
Consort
Sigrid the Haughty (?)
Świętosława (?)
Gunhild of Wenden (?)
Aud Haakonsdottir of Lade (?)
IssueOlof Skötkonung
HouseMunsö
Father
Björn (III) Eriksson (?)
Emund Eriksson (?)
ReligionPagan, possibly briefly Christian
Eric the Victorious (Old Norse: Eiríkr inn sigrsæli, Modern Swedish: Erik Segersäll; c. 945 – c. 995) was a Swedish monarch as of around 970. Although there were earlier Swedish kings, he is the first Swedish king in a consecutive regnal succession, who is attested in sources independent of each other, and consequently Sweden's list of rulers usually begins with him.[2][3] His son Olof Skötkonung, however, is considered the first ruler documented to definitely have been accepted both by the original Swedes around Lake Mälaren and by the Geats around Lake Vättern. Adam of Bremen reports a king named Emund Eriksson before Eric, but it is not known whether he was Eric's father.[4] The Norse sagas' accounts of a Björn Eriksson[5] are considered unreliable.

Some sources have referred to Eric the Victorious as either King Eric V or Eric VI, modern inventions by counting backwards from Eric XIV (1560–1568), who adopted his numeral according to a 16th-century work on the history of Sweden, Historia de omnibus Gothorum Sueonumque regibus. Whether or not there were any Swedish monarchs named Eric before Eric the Victorious is disputed, with some historians claiming that there were several earlier Erics,[6] and others questioning the reliability of the primary sources used and the existence of these earlier monarchs.[7] The list of monarchs after him is also complicated and sketchy in some early periods, which makes the assignment of any numeral problematic (see Eric and Eric and Erik Årsäll) whether counting backward or forward.

Eric's kingdom
His original territory was in Uppland and neighbouring provinces.[8] He acquired the epithet of Segersäll – Victorious or literally blessed with victory – after defeating an invasion force from the south in the Battle of Fýrisvellir which took place near Uppsala.[9][10] A brother of Eric's named Olof allegedly being the father of Styrbjörn the Strong, Eric's main opponent in that battle, is part of the traditions about them. [11][12]

The extent of Eric's kingdom is unknown. In addition to the Swedish heartland around lake Mälaren it may have extended down along the Baltic Sea as far south as Blekinge. According to Adam of Bremen, he was also King of Denmark after defeating King Sweyn Forkbeard.

According to the Flateyjarbok, his success was largely due to an alliance with free farmers against an earl-class nobility, but archaeological findings suggest that the influence of that class diminished during the last part of the tenth century.[13] Eric probably introduced a system of universal conscription known as ledung in the provinces around Mälaren.

In all probability he also founded the town of Sigtuna, which still exists and where the first Swedish coins were minted for his son and successor King Olof.[14]

Saga sources

Another example of King Eric in fantasy art, this published by Gustaf Henrik Mellin in 1850
Eric the Victorious is named in a number of sagas, Nordic tales of history preserved from oral tradition. In various stories, he is described as the son of a Björn Eriksson and as having ruled together with his brother Olaf. One saga describes his marriage to the infamous Queen Sigrid the Haughty, daughter of a legendary Viking, Skagul Toste, and how in their divorce he gave her all of Gothenland as a fief. According to Eymund's saga he then took a new queen, Aud, daughter of Haakon Sigurdsson, ruler of Norway.[15]

Before that, Eric's brother Olaf died, and a new co-ruler was to be appointed, but the Swedes allegedly refused to accept Eric's rowdy nephew Styrbjörn as such. Eric granted Styrbjörn 60 longships in which he sailed away for a seafaring existence as a Viking. He became the ruler of Jomsborg and an ally of Danish King Harold Bluetooth, whose daughter Tyra he married. Styrbjörn returned to Sweden with an army, although Harold and the Danish troops seem to have turned back. Eric won the Battle of Fýrisvellir, according to Styrbjarnar þáttr Svíakappa, after making sacrifice to Odin and promising that, if victorious, he would give himself to Odin in ten years.

Two skaldic verses by Thorvaldr Hjaltason describe the alleged battle. The first expressly mentions how an Eric has utterly defeated an enemy host at a fortification at Fýrisvellir, while the second specifies that the Vikings were superior in numbers but nevertheless were handily captured when they attacked Sweden, and only those who fled survived. The runestones of Hällestad and Sjörup in Scania, then a part of Denmark, do mention a battle at Uppsala characterized by the defeat and flight of the attackers. These stones have traditionally been associated with the battle, but they also present chronological problems and may be from the next century.[4]

Adam of Bremen

In 1691 coin expert Elias Brenner published designs allegedly used by King Eric, but a minting of coins by Eric is unknown to modern scientists, and these attributions are considered inaccurate;[16] Brenner's methods are not considered reliable on early medieval Swedish coins.[17]
German ecclesiastic chronicler Adam of Bremen (around 1075) provides by far the oldest narrative about King Eric, and it differs substantially from the sagas. As his source he refers to the current King Sweyn II of Denmark whom he interviewed for his chronicle. Adam places Eric's reign after that of a certain Emund Eriksson, without clarifying how they were related. He does not mention the Battle of Fýrisvellir but relates that Eric gathered a large army and invaded Denmark against King Sweyn Forkbeard. The direct reason for the attack is not given, but somehow it concerned an alliance between Eric and "the very powerful king of the Polans, Bolesław (992–1025). He gave Eric his sister or daughter in marriage".[18] That princess has been identified as Gunhild of Wenden, in some Nordic sources the daughter of a king Burislev (Bolesław).[19] According to other interpretations, she was identical with a woman known in later sagas as Sigrid the Haughty, whose name is possibly a misunderstanding of the Old Polish name Świętosława.[20] Eric's invasion of Denmark was successful. Several battles were fought at sea, and there the Danish forces, attacked from the east by Slavs, were annihilated.[21] After his victory, Eric kept Denmark for a time, while Sweyn was forced to flee, first to Norway, then to England, and finally to Scotland whose king received the refugee with kindness.[22]

According to Adam, Eric's rule in Denmark coincided with increased Viking activity in northern Germany. A fleet of Swedish and Danish ships sailed up the Elbe and landed at Stade in Saxony. A Saxon army confronted the invaders but was badly defeated. Several prominent Saxons were captured and brought to the ships, while the Vikings ravaged the province with no resistance. One of the prisoners, a Margrave Siegfried, managed to escape at night with the help of a fisherman. The infuriated Vikings then maimed their remaining prisoners and threw them ashore. However, Siegfried and Duke Benno soon raised a new army and raided the Vikings encamped at Stade. Another Viking detachment was tricked deep into the desolate marsh of Glindesmoor by a captured Saxon knight and annihilated by pursuing Germans.[23]

Adam characterises Eric as a heathen and initially very hostile to the Christian religion. Nevertheless, a number of missionaries were at work during his reign, foreigners as well as some belonging to recently converted Nordic families. Among them was Odinkar the Elder who preached in Funen, Zealand, Scania and Sweden. Eventually Eric agreed to baptism, presumably while staying in Denmark; and if so he was the first Swedish king to do so. Due to that significant event, missionaries were allowed to sail over from Denmark to Sweden where they "worked valiantly in the name of the Lord". After some time, Eric is said to have forgotten the Christian faith and reverted to the religion of his ancestors. When Eric died, Sveyn Forkbeard returned from exile and regained Denmark. He also is alleged to have married Eric's widow (whoever she was), mother of Eric's successor King Olof. Thus an alliance between the Swedish and Danish royal houses was created.[24]

Swedish historians such as Birger Nerman, Åke Ohlmarks and Lars O. Lagerqvist have suggested that the smaller tumuli at Old Uppsala probably include King Eric's grave.
Adam's account seems to date the death of Eric the Victorious between 992, when the accession took place in Poland of his ally Boleslaw I (above), and 995, when his son Olof's coinage began in Sigtuna. According to Snorre Sturlasson, Eric died in Uppsala. Discrepancies between Adam's account and other sources have led to a variety of interpretations among Swedish historians, especially about Eric's marriages. The details on his conquest of Denmark have been questioned, since they are not supported in other source material. According to a recent evaluation, however, "that is not unlikely, at least if we consider it a loose suzerainty over powerful Danish lords".[25] At any rate, a comparison between Adam's records and Nordic sagas gives a lasting picture of Eric as a warlike and successful ruler.

Family
Various sources and sagas (see above) list King Eric's wives as Sigrid, Świętosława, Gunhild and Aud, of which two or three may have been the same person but depicted differently and under different names. Such sources have also given Eric a total of four known children:

Olof Skötkonung d. 1022, Eric's only historically attested child
Emund, allegedly ruled over part of the realm under his brother Olof
Holmfrid, sometimes credited as a daughter, not a sister, of Olof and married to Sweyn Haakonsson
Daughter, married to an Åke and grandmother of Ingvar the Far-Travelled
Eric's nephew Styrbjörn and niece Gyrid were allegedly children of his semi-legendary brother and co-ruler Olof, mentioned in connection with Styrbjörn.

See also
List of Swedish monarchs
Adam of Bremen
Icelandic sagas
References
Liljegren, Bengt (2004) "Rulers of Sweden". Lund: Historiska Media. (translated by Adam Williams) p.11 ISBN 91-8505763-0
Lindkvist, Thomas (2003), "Kings and provinces in Sweden", The Cambridge History of Scandinavia, p. 223, ISBN 0-521-47299-7
Listing the Royal Court of Sweden
Bolin, Sture, "Erik segersäll"
Hervarar saga, Saga of Harald Fairhair and Styrbjörn's saga
Lagerqvist & Åberg in Kings and Rulers of Sweden ISBN 91-87064-35-9 pp. 8–9
Harrison, Dick (2009), Sveriges historia 600-1350, pp. 21, 121, ISBN 978-91-1-302377-9
Alternatively, it has been speculated that he belonged to a Geatic clan that established its power in the Mälaren Valley and founded Sigtuna in c. 980; see Niels Lund (1995), "Scandinavia c. 700-1066", in Cambridge Medieval History Vol. II. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, p. 202–27.
Jones, Gwyn (1973), A History of the Vikings, Oxford University Press, p. 128, ISBN 0-19-285063-6
Thunberg, Carl L. (2012). Slaget på Fyrisvallarna i ny tolkning (Eng. "The Battle of Fýrisvellir in a New Interpretation"). Göteborgs universitet. CLTS, p. 9-10, ISBN 978-91-981859-5-9, ISBN 978-91-981859-7-3
Odelberg, Maj (1995), "Eric Segersäll", Vikingatidens ABC, Swedish Museum of National Antiquities, ISBN 91-7192-984-3, archived from the original on 2007-09-30, retrieved 2007-08-18
Thunberg, Carl L. (2012). Slaget på Fyrisvallarna i ny tolkning (Eng. "The Battle of Fýrisvellir in a New Interpretation"). Göteborgs universitet. CLTS, p. 98-102, ISBN 978-91-981859-5-9, ISBN 978-91-981859-7-3
Larsson, Mats G. (1998), Svitiod: resor till Sveriges ursprung, Atlantis, ISBN 91-7486-421-1
Ros, Jonas (2002) "Sigtuna och folklanden; den tidiga Sigtunamyntningen och den politiska geografin", Fornvännen 97:3, p. 170 [1] Archived 2017-10-20 at the Wayback Machine
The saga of Yngvar the Traveller Archived June 17, 2010, at the Wayback Machine
Finskt museum, Volym 23–29. Retrieved 7 September 2015.
Numismatiska forskningsgruppen: verksamhetsberättelse 1992-1993 (PDF). Retrieved 7 September 2015."Brenners bestämningsmetoder för mynten före 1300-talets mitt visar inga spår av vetenskaplighet eller analytisk förmåga." English: Brenner's determination methods for the coins before the mid-14th century show no trace of scientific or analytical ability.
Adam av Bremen (1984) Historien om Hamburgstiftet och dess biskopar. Stockholm: Proprius Förlag, p. 119 (Book II, Scholion 24).
Adam av Bremen (1984), p. 268–9.
Fritz, Birgitta, "Sigrid storråda"
Adam av Bremen (1984) p. 86.
Adam av Bremen (1984) p. 88.
Adam av Bremen (1984) pp. 87–8 (Book II, Chapters 31-32).
Adam av Bremen (1984) p. 91 (Book II, Chapter 91).
Harrison, Dick (2009) Sveriges historia 600-1350. Stockholm: Norstedts, p. 121.
External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Eric the Victorious.
Carl L. Thunberg (2012): Slaget på Fyrisvallarna i ny tolkning (The Battle of Fýrisvellir in a New Interpretation)
Erik Segersäll
House of Munsö
Born: c. 945? Died: c. 995
Regnal titles
Preceded by
Emund Eriksson? (Adam of Bremen)
Björn Eriksson? (Norse sagas)
King of Sweden
970?–c. 995Succeeded by
Olof Skötkonung
vte
Monarchs of Sweden
===================================================
Categories live at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_the_Victorious :
940s births
990s deaths
10th-century Swedish monarchs
House of Munsö
====================================================
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============================================================================

Acceded: 980. King Of Denmark.

First King of all Sweden who reigned from 970-994. He was on many warring expeditions and increased the dominion of the Swedes and defended it valiantly. He was easy to approach for advice.

======================

[ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_the_Victorious ]
Eric the Victorious
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search

Eric praying to Odin before the Battle of the Fýrisvellir, c 985, by Jenny Nyström (1895).Eric the Victorious (VI), Old Norse: Eiríkr inn sigrsæli, Modern Swedish: Erik Segersäll, (970?- 994 or 995), was king of the Swedes during the second half of the 10th century.

The extent of his kingdom is unknown. In addition to the Swedish heartland round lake Mälaren it may have extended down the Baltic Sea coast as far south as Blekinge.

The Norse sagas relate that he was the son of Björn Eriksson and that he ruled together with his brother Olof Björnsson. He married Sigrid the Haughty, the daughter of the legendary Viking Skagul Toste, but would later divorce her and give her Götaland as a fief. According to Eymund's saga he took a new queen, Auð, the daughter of Haakon Sigurdsson, the ruler of Norway.

Before this happened, his brother Olof died, and a new co-ruler had to be appointed, but the Swedes refused to accept his rowdy nephew Styrbjörn the Strong as his co-ruler. Styrbjörn was given 60 longships by Eric and sailed away to live as a Viking. Styrbjörn would become the ruler of Jomsborg and an ally and brother-in-law of the Danish king Harold Bluetooth. Styrbjörn returned to Sweden with a major Danish army, which Eric defeated in the Battle of the Fýrisvellir at Old Uppsala.

According to Adam of Bremen, Eric would conquer Denmark and chase away its king Sweyn Forkbeard and proclaimed himself the king of Sweden and Denmark which he ruled until his death which would have taken place in 994 or 995. He is said to have been baptised in Denmark, but later returned to the Norse gods.

In all probability he founded the town of Sigtuna, which still exists and where the first Swedish coins were stamped for his son and successor Olof Skötkonung.

However, Adam of Bremen only gives Emund Eriksson as predecessor to Eric the Victorious, but it is possible that Emund and Björn were co-rulers, like Erik and Olof and their semi-legendary ancestors Björn at Hauge and Anund Uppsale.

Eric the Victorious
House of Munsö

Preceded by
Björn Eriksson(?)
and/or Emund Eriksson King of Sweden
with Olof Björnsson Succeeded by
Olof of Sweden

[edit] Sources
This article contains content from the Owl Edition of Nordisk familjebok, a Swedish encyclopedia published between 1904–1926 now in Public Domain.

See also
House of Munsö
List of Swedish monarchs
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_the_Victorious"
Categories: 994 deaths | Swedish monarchs | Viking Age monarchs
[ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_the_Victorious ]

[ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_the_Victorious ]
Eric the Victorious
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search

Eric praying to Odin before the Battle of the Fýrisvellir, c 985, by Jenny Nyström (1895).Eric the Victorious (VI), Old Norse: Eiríkr inn sigrsæli, Modern Swedish: Erik Segersäll, (970?- 994 or 995), was king of the Swedes during the second half of the 10th century.

Eric the Victorious
House of Munsö

Preceded by
Björn Eriksson(?)
and/or Emund Eriksson King of Sweden
with Olof Björnsson Succeeded by
Olof of Sweden

See also
House of Munsö
List of Swedish monarchs
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_the_Victorious"
Categories: 994 deaths | Swedish monarchs | Viking Age monarchs
[ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_the_Victorious ]

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