Genealogie Wylie » Maximilian II Joseph King of (Maximilian II Joseph, King of) Bavaria [[34ggchCh-Wikibio]] (1811-1864)

Persoonlijke gegevens Maximilian II Joseph King of (Maximilian II Joseph, King of) Bavaria [[34ggchCh-Wikibio]] 

• Roepnaam Maximilian II Joseph, King of.
• Hij is geboren op 28 november 1811 in Munich, Bavaria.
• Hij is overleden op 10 maart 1864 in Munich, Bavaria, hij was toen 52 jaar oud.
• Een kind van Ludwig I King of Bavaria en Therese Princess of ADD Saxe-Hildburghausen
• Deze gegevens zijn voor het laatst bijgewerkt op 20 december 2023.

Gezin van Maximilian II Joseph King of (Maximilian II Joseph, King of) Bavaria [[34ggchCh-Wikibio]]

Hij is getrouwd met Marie of ADD Prussia.

Zij zijn getrouwd in het jaar 1842, hij was toen 30 jaar oud.

Kind(eren):

1. Ludwig II of ADD Bavaria  1845-1886
2. Otto King of ADD Bavaria  1848-1916

Notities over Maximilian II Joseph King of (Maximilian II Joseph, King of) Bavaria [[34ggchCh-Wikibio]]

Charlemagne Descendant many times over! Closest may be as indicated in the double brackets which is shown by the direct descent in this database, but there are lengthier descents as well, to wit:

This Charlemagne descendant is documented here on this one extended family site, among others, as either a 38th-39th-40th-41st-42nd great grandchild repeatedly so many times uniquely
as to at least be into the triple figures as such a multi-ancestral path descendant of ,
Charlemagne, first Holy Roman Emperor [HRE]---coronation on 25 December 800 in Rome---
with HREs so created and so serving until August 6, 1806, when the Empire was disbanded.

Thus the number of separate descents from Charlemagne is well beyond a mere 100.

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WIKIPEDIA
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Source above, includes portraits, paintings, maps and other
items not below; and working links and updates, is
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximilian_II_of_Bavaria

From Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia

Maximilian II of Bavaria

Contents: These live links at source as follows by clicking into wikibio
found by using above main link, clicking and looking at upper left column
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Crown Prince
King
Toggle King subsection
Domestic policy
Foreign policy
Later life
Cultural legacy
Private life and family
Honours
Ancestry
References
Toggle References subsection
Works cited
External links
-------
Contents list above are live links at source as follows by clicking into wikibio
found by using above main link, clicking and looking at upper left column or
this link https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximilian_II_of_Bavaria

Maximilian II of Bavaria
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
For the earlier elector, see Maximilian II Emanuel, Elector of Bavaria.

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Maximilian II

Maximilian II c. 1860, by Franz Hanfstaengl
King of Bavaria
Reign20 March 1848 – 10 March 1864
PredecessorLudwig I
SuccessorLudwig II
Prime Ministers
See list
Born28 November 1811
Munich, Bavaria
Died10 March 1864 (aged 52)
Munich, Bavaria
BurialTheatinerkirche, Munich
SpouseMarie of Prussia
IssueLudwig II of Bavaria
Otto, King of Bavaria
Names
Maximilian Joseph
HouseWittelsbach
FatherLudwig I of Bavaria
MotherTherese of Saxe-Hildburghausen
ReligionRoman Catholicism
Maximilian II (28 November 1811 – 10 March 1864) reigned as King of Bavaria between 1848 and 1864.

Unlike his father, King Ludwig I, "King Max" was very popular and took a greater interest in the business of Government than in personal extravagance. Ascending the throne during the German Revolution of 1848, King Maximilian restored stability in his kingdom. The rest of his reign was characterized by attempts to maintain Bavarian independence during the wars of German Unification and to transform his capital city of Munich into a cultural and educational city.

Crown Prince
He was born in Munich and was the eldest son of the Crown Prince of Bavaria (later King Ludwig I) and his wife Therese of Saxe-Hildburghausen.

After studying at Göttingen and Berlin and travelling in Germany, Italy and Greece, he was introduced by his father into the council of state (1836). From the first, he showed a studious disposition and declared on one occasion that had he not been born in a royal cradle, his choice would have been to become a professor. As crown prince, in the chateau of Hohenschwangau near Füssen, which he had rebuilt, he gathered about him an intimate society of artists and men of learning and devoted his time to scientific and historical study.[1] The Wittelsbacher Palais was built for Maximilian as a Crown Prince Palace in Munich but was completed only when he ascended the throne.

King

Maximilian II by Julius Zimmermann.
When the abdication of Ludwig I (20 March 1848) called him suddenly to the throne, his choice of ministers promised a liberal regime.[1]

Domestic policy
In 1849 an uprising in the Bavarian Palatinate was broken down with the support of the Prussian Army.

Though from 1850 onwards his government tended in the direction of absolute monarchy,[1] King Maximilian steered a moderate course between the extremes of classical liberalism, Prussian-inspired Pan-Germanism, and the so-called "Ultramontanes".

In his attempts to transform Bavaria into a centre of culture, education, and the arts, he enraged conservative Catholics and Protestants by inviting a number of celebrated men of learning (such as Geibel, Liebig, Heyse and Sybel) to Munich, regardless of their religious views.[1]

Devoted to his family and his people, the King also financed studies of the art, costumes, dialects and customs of the Bavarian peasantry. That was done to promote a separate national identity against Prussian-inspired Pan-Germanism.

The King was assisted in that by his Personal Private Secretary, Franz Xaver von Schönwerth. A native of the Oberpfalz region of the Bavarian Kingdom, Schonwerth's work collecting the folklore and traditions of his native district won him the admiration of the Brothers Grimm and made him a model for future folklore collectors.

Foreign policy
Maximilian II responded also to the demands of the people for a united German state by attending the Frankfurt Assembly which intended to create such a state. The progress of the 1848 Revolution, however, gave him pause. The king strenuously opposed the unionist plans of the Frankfurt Parliament, refused to recognize the imperial constitution devised by it and assisted Austria in restoring the federal diet and in carrying out the federal execution in Hesse-Kassel and Holstein.[1] In the aftermath of the failure of the Frankfurt Assembly, Prussia and Austria continued to debate which monarchy had the inherent right to rule Germany.

The dispute between Austria and the Electoral Prince of Hesse-Kassel (or Hesse-Cassel) was used by Austria and its allies, including Bavaria, to promote the isolation of Prussia in German political affairs. That diplomatic insult almost led to war when Austria, Bavaria and other allies moved troops through Bavaria towards Hesse-Kassel in 1850. However, the Prussian Army backed down and accepted the principle of dual leadership. The event was known as the Punctation of Olmütz but also as the "Humiliation of Olmütz" by Prussia. The event solidified the Bavarian kingdom's alliance with Austria against Prussia.

Maximilian II (1860, photo by Franz Hanfstaengl)
In his German policy, Maximilian was guided by the desire to maintain the union of the princes.[1] During the cold warfare between Austria and Prussia, King Maximilian and his ministers favoured the former, which was a policy enthusiastically supported by the Catholics and the Protestants of the Bavarian Kingdom. Simultaneously, however, the King and his Ministers also attempted to preserve Bavaria's independence by trying to play both powers against each other. That policy continued under his son, King Ludwig II.[2]

In 1863, however, the King supported the project of reform proposed by Austria at the Frankfurt Fürstentag [de].[1]

Attempts by Austria to reorganise the loose and entirely-decentralised German Confederation were opposed by Prussia and therefore the other German princes did not act on the reform proposals. The failure of those plans and the attitude of the Austrian Court towards the Confederation and the Schleswig-Holstein Question disillusioned King Maximilian. The last days of his reign were spent attempting to deal with the new situation created by the outbreak of the war with Denmark.[3]

Later life
In the summers of 1849 and 1855, King Maximilian travelled his kingdom. Between 24 June and 27 July 1858, he undertook a journey on foot through his country, which began in Lindau. However, because of frequent rain, he repeatedly had to be carried physically.

In government policy, the King repeatedly requested the advice of his ministers and scholarly experts before making a decision, which led to long delays. In addition, King Maximilian often traveled to Italy and Greece, which also led to long delays.

After a brief and unexpected illness, King Maximilian died at Munich on 10 March 1864. He is buried in the Theatinerkirche there.

Cultural legacy

Monument of King Max II, Maximilianstrasse in Munich
Maximilian offered Paul Heyse and other writers from North Germany large stipends. Hans Christian Andersen visited "King Max" (as he called him) in his castle Starnberg, and wrote of him as a young, highly amiable man. The King, having read his novels and fairy tales, let Andersen know that he was deeply impressed by The Improvisatore, En Digters Bazar, The Little Mermaid and Paradisets Have. During the visit Andersen also read The Ugly Duckling.[4] Later Andersen visited the King at the Schloss Hohenschwangau.

Hohenschwangau Castle
Next to Hohenschwangau Castle also the Hambach Castle was reconstructed from 1844 for Crown Prince Maximilian by August von Voit. In 1849 King Maximilian II instructed the architect Eduard Riedel to redesign Berg Castle in neo-gothic style with several towers and a crenellate.

Maximilian II was the principal of the Maximilianstrasse and the Bavarian National Museum in Munich. Compared to his father, Maximilian preferred a new architectural style with strong reference to the Gothic Revival architecture which would combine the best features of historical models combined with then modern building technology. The neo-gothic Royal Mansion in Regensburg was built for Maximilian 1854–1856, the Royal Mansion in Berchtesgaden and the Royal Villa on Rose Island already in 1853. The hiking path in Upper Bavaria called Maximiliansweg is named after him, as he made a longer hike in the Bavaria alps in the summer of 1858.[5] The Bavarian Maximilian Order for Science and Art was first established on 28 November 1853 by King Maximilian II.

Private life and family

Photograph of King Maximilian II hunting in the Alps (taken by Franz Hanfstaengl c. 1860).
While king, Maximilian was hampered by constant ill health which often compelled him to travel abroad and, when at home, to live much of the time in the countryside. The relationship with his father, who had persisted in his architectural projects even after his abdication, was mostly tense. By his wife, Marie Friederike Franziska Hedwig, daughter of Prince William of Prussia, who he married in 1842, he had two sons:[3]

Ludwig II of Bavaria (25 August 1845 - 13 June 1886)[3]
Otto, King of Bavaria (27 April 1848 - 11 October 1916)[3]
both of whom became king, were declared insane, and deposed.

Honours

Greater Royal Coat of Arms of King Maximilian II Joseph of Bavaria
Kingdom of Bavaria:[6]
Knight of the Order of St. Hubert
Grand Prior of the Royal Bavarian House Equestrian Order of St. George
Württemberg: Grand Cross of the Order of the Württemberg Crown, 1828[7]
Kingdom of Prussia: Knight of the Order of the Black Eagle, 23 January 1831[8]
Two Sicilies: Knight of the Order of St. Januarius, 1833[9]
Grand Duchy of Hesse: Grand Cross of the Ludwig Order, 18 December 1833[10]
Saxe-Coburg and Gotha Duchy of Saxe-Altenburg Saxe-Meiningen Ernestine duchies: Grand Cross of the Saxe-Ernestine House Order, March 1838[11]
Baden:[12]
Knight of the House Order of Fidelity, 1840
Grand Cross of the Order of the Zähringer Lion, 1840
Sweden Norway Sweden-Norway: Knight of the Royal Order of the Seraphim, 17 December 1846[13]
Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach: Grand Cross of the Order of the White Falcon, 5 October 1847[14]
Kingdom of Hanover:[15]
Knight of the Order of St. George, 1847
Grand Cross of the Royal Guelphic Order
Austrian Empire:
Knight of the Order of the Golden Fleece, 1849[16]
Grand Cross of the Order of St. Stephen, 1853[17]
Belgium: Grand Cordon of the Order of Leopold (military), 28 July 1850[18]
Electorate of Hesse: Knight of the Order of the Golden Lion, 18 October 1852[19]
Oldenburg: Grand Cross with Golden Crown of the House and Merit Order of Peter Frederick Louis, 24 August 1853[20]
Duchy of Modena and Reggio: Grand Cross of the Order of the Eagle of Este, 1856[21]
Tuscany Grand Duchy of Tuscany: Grand Cross of the Order of St. Joseph[22]
Ancestry
Ancestors of Maximilian II of Bavaria
8. Frederick Michael, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken
4. Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria
9. Countess Palatine Maria Franziska of Sulzbach
2. Ludwig I of Bavaria
10. Prince George William of Hesse-Darmstadt
5. Princess Augusta Wilhelmine of Hesse-Darmstadt
11. Countess Maria Louise Albertine of Leiningen-Dagsburg-Falkenburg
1. Maximilian II of Bavaria
12. Ernest Frederick III, Duke of Saxe-Hildburghausen
6. Frederick, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg
13. Princess Ernestine of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
3. Princess Therese of Saxe-Hildburghausen
14. Charles II, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
7. Duchess Charlotte Georgine of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
15. Princess Friederike of Hesse-Darmstadt
References
Chisholm 1911, p. 921.
George Windell (1954), The Catholics and German Unity, University of Minnesota Press. Pages 17–19.
Chisholm 1911, p. 922.
Hans Christian Andersen (1996) [1855]. Mit Livs Eventyr. Vol. II. Gyldendal. ISBN 87-00-24708-1.
"Wandern" (in German). Upper Bavaria tourist association (Tourismusverband München Oberbayern). Archived from the original on 11 December 2005. Retrieved 11 March 2007.
Hof- und Staatshandbuch des Königreichs Bayern: 1846. Landesamt. 1846. pp. 6, 10.
Württemberg (1854). Königlich-Württembergisches Hof- und Staats-Handbuch: 1854. Guttenberg. p. 32.
Liste der Ritter des Königlich Preußischen Hohen Ordens vom Schwarzen Adler (1851), "Von Seiner Majestät dem Könige Friedrich Wilhelm III. ernannte Ritter" p. 19
Angelo Scordo, Vicende e personaggi dell'Insigne e reale Ordine di San Gennaro dalla sua fondazione alla fine del Regno delle Due Sicilie (PDF) (in Italian), p. 9, archived from the original (PDF) on 4 March 2016
Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Großherzogtum Hessen (1863), "Großherzogliche Orden und Ehrenzeichen" p. 8
Adreß-Handbuch des Herzogthums Sachsen-Coburg und Gotha (1843), "Herzogliche Sachsen-Ernestinischer Hausorden" p. 5
Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Großherzogtum Baden (1858), "Großherzogliche Orden" pp. 33, 46
Sveriges och Norges statskalender (in Swedish). 1864. p. 421. Retrieved 6 January 2018 – via runeberg.org.
Staatshandbuch für das Großherzogtum Sachsen / Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach (1859), "Großherzogliche Hausorden" p. 12
Staat Hannover (1859). Hof- und Staatshandbuch für das Königreich Hannover: 1859. Berenberg. pp. 36-37, 67.
Boettger, T. F. "Chevaliers de la Toisón d'Or - Knights of the Golden Fleece". La Confrérie Amicale. Retrieved 25 June 2019.
"A Szent István Rend tagjai" Archived 22 December 2010 at the Wayback Machine
"Liste des Membres de l'Ordre de Léopold", Almanach Royal Officiel (in French), 1851, p. 36 – via Archives de Bruxelles
Kurfürstlich Hessisches Hof- und Staatshandbuch (1863), "Kurfürstliche Orden und Ehrenzeichen" p. 16
Hof- und Staatshandbuch des Großherzogtums Oldenburg für 1863, "Der Großherzogliche Haus und Verdienstorden des Herzogs Peter Friedrich Ludwig" p. 34
Almanacco di corte. p. 30.
Almanacco Toscano per l'anno 1855. Stamperia Granducale. 1855. p. 274.
Works cited
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Maximilian II., king of Bavaria". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 17 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 921–922.
External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Maximilian II. (Bayern).
The King's portrait
Maximilian II of Bavaria
House of Wittelsbach
Born: 28 November 1811 Died: 10 March 1864
Regnal titles
Preceded by
Ludwig I
King of Bavaria
1848–1864Succeeded by
Ludwig II
vte
Princes of Bavaria
vte
Kings of Bavaria
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Categories as live links found at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximilian_II_of_Bavaria :
1811 births
1864 deaths
19th-century kings of Bavaria
House of Wittelsbach
Princes of Bavaria
Burials at the Theatine Church, Munich
Knights of the Order of Saint Joseph
Knights of the Golden Fleece of Austria
Grand Crosses of the Order of Saint Stephen of Hungary
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