Genealogy Richard Remmé, The Hague, Netherlands » John (=king Robert III) Stewart King of Scots (1390-1406) ; Of Innermeath (1337-1406)

Persoonlijke gegevens John (=king Robert III) Stewart King of Scots (1390-1406) ; Of Innermeath 

• Alternatieve namen: John (=king Robert III) [Stewart] van Scotland, Born as John Stewart, John (=king Robert III) Stewart, The Regent Robert Stewart
• Hij is geboren in het jaar 1337 in Dundonald Castle, Ayrshire, Scotland.
• Hij werd gedoopt in Was christened John.
• Beroep: koning van Schotland.
• (Alt. Burial) : Alt. Burial.

  Dunfermline Abbey, Fifeshire, Scotland

• (Alt. Death) : Alt. Death.
• (Nationality) : Scottish.
• (Scottish Clan) : Stewart of Bute.
• (Titled) .

  Earl of Carrick

• (Titled) .

  Chancellor of Scotland

• (Titled) .

  Duke of Albany

• (Titled) .

  King of Scots

• (Titled) : Breton, Scot.
• (Titled) : Earl of Carrick.
• (Alt. Birth) in het jaar 1337: Alt. Birth.Bron 7
• (Alt. Birth) in het jaar 1337: Alt. Birth.

  Dundonald Castle, Ayrshire, Scotland

• (Alt. Birth) in het jaar 1337: Alt. Birth.

  Dundonald, Ayrshire, Scotland

• (Legitimized) in het jaar 1347.Bron 7
• (ascended) in het jaar 1368: Robert III King of Scotland.
• (Titled) op 22 juni 1368.

  Earl of Carrick by King David II of Scotland

• (Reigned) tussen 19 april 1390 en 4 april 1406.Bron 7

  Scotland

• (Titled) op 19 april 1390.

  King of the Scots, at Scone, Scotland

• (Alt. Death) op 4 april 1406: Alt. Death.
• (Alt. Death) op 4 april 1406: Alt. Death.

  Rothsay Castle, Dundonald, Ayrshire, Scotland

• (Alt. Death) in het jaar 1420: Alt. Death.Bron 7
• Hij is overleden op 4 april 1406 in Rothsay castle // Dundonald Castle, Ayrshire, Scotland, hij was toen 69 jaar oud.
• Hij is begraven in het jaar 1406 in Paisley Abbey, Renfrew, Scotland.
• Een kind van Robert II Stewart en Elizabeth Mure
• Deze gegevens zijn voor het laatst bijgewerkt op 4 december 2022.

Gezin van John (=king Robert III) Stewart King of Scots (1390-1406) ; Of Innermeath

Gebeurtenis (Alt. Marriage) op 13 Mar: Alt. Marriage.

By Dispensation, Scotland

Gebeurtenis (Alt. Marriage) op 13 Mar 1363-1364: Alt. Marriage.

Gebeurtenis (Alt. Marriage) op 13 Mar 1363-1364: Alt. Marriage.

By Dispensation, Scotland

(2) Hij is getrouwd met Annabella Drummond.

Zij zijn getrouwd op 13 maart 1367, hij was toen 30 jaar oud.

Kind(eren):

1. Margaret Stewart  1370-1450 
2. David of Scotland  1378-1402
3. Mary Stewart  ± 1380-> 1458 
4. James I [Stuart] of Scotland  1394-1437 
5. Elizabeth Stewart  1371-1409 
6. Prince Robert of Scotland  1383-????
7. Princess Egidia of Scotland  1390-????

(3) Hij is getrouwd met Nn Nn.

Zij zijn getrouwd te Not Married.

Kind(eren):

1. John [illegitimate ?] Stewart  ????-± 1412 

Notities over John (=king Robert III) Stewart King of Scots (1390-1406) ; Of Innermeath

Given a hostage for the release of King David II (replaced by his brother Walter, June 1358).

Given a hostage for the release of King David II (replaced by his brother Walter, June 1358).

Robert Stewart, 3rd, but 2nd surviving son of Robert, High Steward of Scotland, afterwards (1370-90) Robert II, by his 1st wife, Elizabeth, daughter of Sir Adam Mure, of Rowallan, was b. about 1340, and while a young man (1361), became, in right of his wife, Earl of Menteith. By agreement, 30 Mar 1371, with Isabel, suo jure Countess of Fife, he became, on her resignation, Earl of Fife, by which later title he was generally known. Great Chamberlain 1383-1407. He made two successful raids into England, one in 1385, and another in 1388. On 1 Dec 1388 the King (his father), being aged, and his eldest brother (afterwards Robert II) infirm, he was made, by Parliament, Guardian of the Realm, and, as such, agreed to a treaty with the English in 1389; but on 27 Jan 1398/9, he was superseded, by the appointment of David, the heir apparent of the throne, as "King's Lieutenant" with as ample powers as his (David's) uncle (the said Duke) had as "Guardian of the Realm". On the death, sp. legit, of his brother Alexander Stewart, Earl of Buchan, he appears to have been considered to have succeeded to that Earldom, (recognized to the said Alexander, 25 July 1382) which he resigned 20 Sep 1406. In Mar 1398 he, with his said nephew David, had an interview at Haudenstank with John, Duke of Lancaster, and other English Commissioners, and shortly afterwards, he and his said nephew were each advanced to a Dukedom (the first Dukes ever made in Scotland), he being, on 28 Apr 1398, created Duke of Albany, in a solemn Council held at Scone. For his complicity in the arrest of his said nephew, David, then Duke of Rothesay (who d. a prisoner in Albany's Castle of Falkland, 27 Mar 1402), he received a remission from Parliament. After his nephew's death, the Duke assumed the then vacant office of "King's Lieutenant"; and by Charter, 2 Sep 1403, was created Earl of Atholl, during the life of the reigning King, with remainder (should he die before the said King) to his 2nd son John. By the death of the said King, 4 Apr 1406, this Earldom consequently became extinct. At the council held June 1406, after the death of his brother Robert III, he was made Regent, the King (his nephew James I), being then a prisoner in England, which Kingdom accordingly he again invaded in 1417, but on this occasion without success.

He m., 1stly (dispensation 9 Sep 1361), Margaret, suo jure Countess of Menteith (who had previously been the wife of Sir John Moray of Bothwell (dsp. 1352), of Thomas Erskine, 9th Earl of Mar, and of Sir John Drummond of Concraig), daughter (only surviving child & heir) of John Graham, jure uxoris Earl of Menteith, by Mary, suo jure Countess of Menteith. She d. about 1380, between 21 Jul 1372 and 4 May 1380. He m. 2ndly (Papal dispensation 4 May 1380), Muriel, 1st daughter of Sir William Keith, Marischal of Scotland, by Margaret, daughter and heir of John Fraser of Zouch (sic. Touch?) Fraser, son and heir of Sir Alexander Fraser, High Chamberlain. He d. 3 Sep 1420, at Stirling Castle, aged above 80, and was buried in Donfermline Abbey. His widow d. shortly before Whitsunday (1 June) 1449. [Complete Peerage I:77-79, XIV:15]

___________________________

Robert Stewart, third son of King Robert II by Elizabeth Mure, his first wife, born in 1339, married first, by dispensation dated 9 September 1361, as her fourth husband, Margaret, Countess of Menteith, by which marriage he became by courtesy Earl of Menteith. He entered into an indenture with Isobel, Countess of Fife, relict of his elder brother Walter, dated at Perth, 30 March 1371, wherein she acknowledges him to be her lawful heir-apparent, and that, when the Earldom of Fife is recovered and the Countess has got possession of it, whe will resign it into the King's hands for infeftment in his favour. In consequence of this he succeeded to that Earldom, and was styled Earl of Fife and Menteith. By Crown charter, dated 7 February 1372-3, the custody of the Castle of Stirling was committed to his care. In 1382 he was appointed Great Chamberlain of Scotland, which office he held till 1408, when he resigned in favour of his son John, Earl of Buchan. In 1385, in conjunction with the Earl of Douglas and a body of French auxiliaries under Jean de Vienne, Admiral of France, he invaded England with an army of 30,000 men, took the Castle of Wark, and ravaged the country from Berwick to Newcastle. On the advance of the Duke of Lancaster against him, he retired into Scotland, which was thereupon invaded by the English. The Earls of Fife and Douglas, along with Archibald, Lord of Galloway, thereupon invaded Cumberland as far as Cockermouth, spoiling the country between the Felis and the sea. The Earl of Menteith made another successful invasion of England in 1388. His father, King Robert II, being now far advanced in years, and his elder brother, the Earl of Carrick, afterwards Robert III, being from bodily infirmity unable to take an active part in government, a parliament was called in which the Earl of Fife was by the Three Estates solemnly recognised on 1 December 1388 as guardian of the kingdom, in which office hd continued after the death of his father and the accession of his elder brother, Joh, Earl of Carrick, to the throne, under the title of Robert III, in 1390. Eight years after this, when the heir-apparent to the throne was created Duke of Rothesay, the Earl of Fife and Menteith, on 28 April 1398, was created Duke of Albany. The following year he had the pretended King Richard II placed under his custody. His nephew, the Duke of Rothesay, having been for some youthful excesses, by order of his father, King Robert III, seized and delivered into his safe-keeping, it has been alleged that he was most barbarously starved to death in Albany's Castle of Falkland, 27 March 1402. It is more likely, however, that he died of dysentery. A parliament was called and met at Edinburgh, 16 May 1402, to inquire into the fact, and Albany and the Earl of Douglas having confessed the imprisonment, imputing the death to divine provindence, were acquitted of the charge and obtained a full remission under the Great Seal. The following year the Regent assembled forces, took Innerwick from the English and saved Cocklaws Castle from being delivered up to the Percies by James de Gladstanes, who had agreed to surrender if not succoured in time. On 2 September 1403 the Earldom of Atholl, which had reverted to the Crown on the death of the Duke of Rothesay, was conferred on him in free regality during the lifetime of the King only, with a remainder to his son John in case of his predecease. On the death of King Robert III in 1406, the Duke of Albany was constituted regent and governor of the realm of Scotland, his hephwe James being a prisoner in England. When King Henry V was in France, in 1417, the regent raised an army to invade England and attack Berwick, but was forced to retire by the Dukes of Bedford and Exeter. In 1419 he despatched his son John, Earl of Buchan, with a chosen army of 7000 men inot France to assist the Dauphin against the English, and he concluded a long and active life of vigorous exertion at the Castle of Stirling, 2 September 1420, aged upwards of eighty. His body was interred in the Abbey Church of Dunfermline. Wintoun and Bower draw his character in very flattering colours, and while he may not be the melodramatic villain described by Pinkerton, neither was he, as represented by the writer of the 'Red Book of Menteith,' the most perfect man who ever inhabited this world.

He married first, Margaret, Countess of Menteith, only daughter of Sir John Graham and Mary, Countess of Menteith, widow of Sir John Moray, Lord of Bothwell, Thomas, thirteenth Earl of Mar, and Sir John Drummond of Concraig.

The regent married, secondly, Muriella, eldest daughter of Sir William de Keith, Great Marischal of Scotland, who survived him and died shortly before Witsunday 1449. [ The Scots Peerage I:146-148]

In 1388, John, Earl of Carrick, was kicked by a horse and received an injury which left him lame for life. When Robert II died in April 1390, he was succeeded by a semi-invalid who was already over fifty. Carrick took the name of Robert III as John appeared to have been an unlucky name for kings. Between Robert III's accession and his coronation occurred one of the most notorious outrages ever committed against the royal authority. On 17 June 1390, the king's brother, Alexander, "the Wolf of Badenoch", in pursuit of a feud with the Bishop of Moray, burned the Cathedral and the town of Elgin with the parish church and the Maison Dieu Hospital. Robert III and his councillors made Alexander submit and promise reparations to the bishop of Moray. Robert III acknowledged his incapacity by delegating his authority to his next brother, Robert, Earl of Fife, who possessed both ability and ambition. However, while they acted together against their brother, Alexander, there was rivalry between the king and Robert, Earl of Fife. After a period, Robert III ousted Fife but, under his personal rule, law and order deteriorated sharply. As a result, he appointed his son-and-heir, David, as his deputy. However, despite a successful beginning, David made powerful enemies, including his own brother-in-law and his uncle, the latter imprisoning him in Falkland Castle where he died, according to a parliamentary enquiry "through Divine providence and not otherwise". However, it seems more likely that he was killed on his uncle's orders. In 1406, in order to keep him safe from his uncle, Robert III sent James, his 12-year-old son and heir, to France. However, James's ship was captured by English pirates and he spent the next 18 years in captivity. The news killed Robert III. He had once said, "Bury me in the midden, and write: "Here lies the worst of kings and the most wretched of men". [Leo van de Pas]

He succeeded his father Robert II and was succeeded by his son James I. His given name was John, but he took the name Robert III upon has accession.

Alias: John /Stewart/   born John Stewart Named John, Earl o f Carrick, but assumed the name Robert. Legitimized by his parents' marriage . Robert III Stewart (called John at birth), b. 1337, legitimated (dispensat ion) 1347, d. 4 Apr 1406, Earl of Carrick 22 June 1368, King of Scotland 1390 -1406; m. in or before 1367 (dispensation 13 Mar 1365/6), Annabella, d. 1401, daughter of Sir John Drummond and Mary (perhaps Montefichet), of Stobhall. [ Magna Charta Sureties] Robertt III..., after having ruled Scotland in the name of his father, Robert II, from 1384 to 1388, physically disabled by a kick f rom a horse, he was never the real ruler of Scotland during the years of his kingship. The eldest son of Robert the Steward and Elizabeth Mure, he was le gitimized by their marriage several years after his birth. In 1362-3 he joine d his father in a futile revolt against King David II, who both imprisoned hi m and created him Earl of Carrick in 1368. (He had been created Earl of Athol l in 1367.) Robert II became king in 1371; in 1384, because of his advanced a ge, he turned over the government to Carrick. After his injury in 1388, howev er, Carrick was supplanted by his brother Robert, Earl of Fife. On his acces sion, probably on April 19, 1390, he changed his name to Robert III from John to avoid reminding others of John De Balliol, King of Scotland from 1292 to 1296, who was not favourably remembered. Fife, created Duke of Albany in 1398 , continued to govern throughout this reign, except for three years (1398-140 2) when Robert III's eldest son, David Duke of Rothesay, took his place. The dissolute Rothesay died in March 1402 while imprisoned in Albany's castle of Falkland, Fife. Perhaps in an attempt to save his remaining son, James (after ward James I King of Scotland) from death at Albany's hands, Robert III sent the boy to France, but James was captured by English sailors, a shock to the aging king. [Encylclopedia Britannica] Robert III (c. 1340- April 4, 1406), king of Scotland, was the eldest son of King Robert II by his mistress, Eliza beth Mure, and was legitimised when his parents were formally married about 1 349. They had previously been married in 1336, but this ceremony had been cri ticized as being uncanonical. In 1368 he was created Earl of Carrick, and he took some part in the government of the kingdom until about 1387, when he wa s disabled by the kick of a horse. It was probably in consequence of this acc ident that his brother Robert, Earl of Fife, and not the crown prince himself , was made guardian of the kingdom in 1389; but the latter succeeded to the t hrone on his father's death in May 1390. At this time he changed his baptism al name of John, which was unpopular owing to its connexion with John De Bali ol, for that of Robert, being crowned at Scone in August 1390 as King Robert III. Although he probably attended several parliaments the new king was only the nominal ruler of Scotland, the real power being in the hands of his broth er, the Earl of Fife. In 1399, however, owing to the king's "sickness of the body," his elder son, David, Duke of Rothesay, was appointed lieutenant of t he kingdom; but this event was followed by an English invasion of Scotland, b y serious differences between Rothesay and his uncle, Robert, now Duke of A lbany, and finally in March 1402 by Rothesay's mysterious death at Falkland P alace. Early in 1406 the king's only surviving son, afterwards King James I, w as captured by the English; and in 1406 Robert died, probably at Rothesay, and was buried at Paisley. Robert III married Annabella Drummond (c. 1350-140 2), daughter of Sir John Drummond of Stobhall, and by her, in addition to the two sons already mentioned, had four daughters (Margaret, Mary, Egidia, and Elizabeth). He also had an illegitimate son, James Stewart of Kilbride.

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euweb.dir [1m.] John, became ROBERT III King of Scots (1390-1406), *1337, +Rothsay Castle 4.4.1406, bur Paisley Abbey, England; m.1367 Anabella Drummond (*ca 1350, +Scone Palace, Perthshire X.1401, bur Dunfermline) dau.of Sir John Drummond of Stobhall

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E: John Stewart, King Robert III of Scots (b c1337, d 04.04.1406) He took Robert as his kingly name because, after John Baliol (and possibly also John of England), John was thought to be an unlucky name for a King. m. (1365-6) Annabella Drummond (d 1401, dau of John Drummond of that ilk)

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royal_lineage.ged

     Since John was thought an ill-omened name for a king, John the
Steward of Scotland was crowned as King Robert III.  He had succeeded at about the same age as his father, and he had not the force to keep his nobles in check, nor to stop the descent of the hungry Highlanders raiding the lowlands.  He maintained as Guardian (Regent) of the kingdom his brother Robert, Earl of Fife, who had administered the country during his father's last years.  Later he made Fife Duke of Albany but, "being unable to govern the realm" appointed his son David as King's Lieutenant, creating him Duke of Rothesay.  These were the first dukedoms created in Scotland, and have been restricted to the Royal Family - the Prince of Wales is Duke of Rothesay now.  After a disastrous invasion of Scotland by King Henry IV of England, Albany quarrelled with Rothesay, who died in suspicious circumstances.  The king's sole remaining son was James, who was only eleven years old, having been born after the accession.  On a voyage to France, James was captured by the English, and the shock of this loss coincided with the death of King Robert III.

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