*Druhtinaz (Old English: dryhten, Old Norse: dróttinn, Old Middle English: drihten, Middle English: dri?ten)[1] is a Common Germanic term meaning a military leader or warlord and is derived from *druhti "war band" and the "ruler suffix" -ina- (c.f. Wod-ina-z)
Forms
Proto-Germanic: druhtinaz'[4]
Old English: dryhten[5][6]
Old Norse: dróttinn[7][8]
Old English-Middle English: drihten[9][10]
Old Saxon: drohtin[11]
Old Frisian: drochten[12]
Old High German: truhtin[13]
New High German: Trechtein (meaning Lord, Officer); Kriegstrechtein (military officer) [14]
Middle English: dri?ten, dri?tin, drihtin, drightinn, drightun, dri?tyn, dry?t(t)yn, dri?tine, drightin(e, dryghtyn(e, drichtine, driht(e, dryght, drichte, dright(e, drytte, dry?t(e[15][16]
Etymology
The same word existed in Old Saxon: drohtin, druhtin, Old English: dryhten, Old High German: truhtîn, trohtîn, trehtîn, trehten (Low German Drost, Early Modern Bavarian German Trecht "Lord God", New High German (Kriegs-) Trechtein "military officer"). The word comes from Proto-Germanic *druhtinaz[17] and is derived from *druhti "war band" and the "ruler suffix" -ina- (c.f. Wod-ina-z).[18][19]
Reflexes of *druhti itself are found in Icelandic: drótt, Old English: dryht, driht, Old High German: truht (surviving into 19th century Swiss German as Trucht "ruffians, scallywags "). In Gothic appears the verb driugan meaning "to do military service". In Old English dréogan (Modern English drudge/drudgery, and dialectal dree) and in Icelandic drýgia(n) appear, both meaning "to perform". The root is the same as in Slavic drug meaning "companion" (see druzhina). Old Norse drôttseti, Old High German truhtsâzzo and trohtsâzzo (Modern German Truchsess) is the term for the office of maior domus.
Anthroponymy
This same word was commonly used as personal name in Galicia, during the Early Middle Ages,[20] in the form Tructino (origin of modern Galician surname Troitiño) together with other related names such as Tructemiro, Tructesindo, Tructesenda f. or Tructu, of probable Suevi origin.
Mythology
In the Heimskringla, Snorri Sturluson wrote that Domar married Drott, the daughter of Danp who was the son of Ríg (Heimdall).
Snorri wrote:
Dygvi's mother was Drótt, a daughter of King Danp, the son of Ríg, who was first called konungr in the Danish tongue. His descendants always afterwards considered the title of konungr the title of highest dignity. Dygvi was the first of his family to be called konungr, for his predecessors had been called dróttinn ['chieftain'], and their wives dróttning, and their court drótt ['war band']. Each of their race was called Yngvi, or Ynguni, and the whole race together Ynglingar. Queen Drótt was a sister of King Dan Mikillati, from whom Denmark took its name.
Current usage
The Scandinavian word for Queen, drottning/dronning is derived from this title. Similarly, in Ukrainian druzhina (uk:???????) means a spouse (wife).
The Finnish word ruhtinas, denoting a high lord or Sovereign Prince, is an early loanword from Germanic. Finnish is not an Indo-European language and therefore unrelated to Germanic.
Elle est mariée à Domar van Zweden.
Ils se sont mariésSource 2
Enfant(s):