Arbre généalogique Bas » Olof II "Skötkonung" van Zweden (970-1022)

Données personnelles Olof II "Skötkonung" van Zweden 

• Il est né en l'an 970.
• (Geschiedenis) .Source 1

  Olof II van Zweden, ook wel Olof Skötkonung (Olof Schatkoning) (ca. 970 - 1022) was van (ca.) 995 tot 1022 koning van Zweden.
  
  Olof was een zoon van Erik Segersäll (de Overwinnaar). Als zijn moeder worden in verschillende bronnen de namen van twee vrouwen genoemd (die mogelijk ook nog dezelfde vrouw kunnen zijn geweest):
  
  Sigrid de Hoogmoedige (een dochter van de Viking hoofdman Skoglar-Toste, en
  Gunhilda (eigenlijk Swietoslawa, dochter van Mieszko I van Polen en Dubrawka van Bohemen en zus van Boleslaw I van Polen).
  
  Bij het begin van het bewind van Olof ging het Zweedse oppergezag over Denemarken verloren. Ook stopten de volken in Estland en Letland met het betalen van schattingen. In 999 vocht hij met Sven Gaffelbaard en de Noorse jarl Erik Hakonson, tijdens de Slag van Svolder tegen de Noorse koning Olaf I van Noorwegen die werd verslagen en gedood. Olof verwierf daardoor Bohuslän en een deel van Trøndelag, maar zou die gebieden later weer verliezen aan Olaf II van Noorwegen. Olof wordt de eerste koning genoemd die zowel over de landsdelen Götalands (Västergötland en Östergötland) en Svealands regeerde. (Hier moet in aanmerking worden genomen dat Zweden in deze tijd nog geen homogene staat was. Anderzijds zijn er onderzoekingen die er toe leiden dat al in de tijd van de Vikingen een verenigd koninkrijk onder de Uppsala-koningen heeft bestaan. Sommige bronnen noemen ook zijn vader -Erik VI- als koning van de gezamenlijke Zweden.) Olofs bevoegdheden als koning waren echter zeer beperkt. Hij was de eerste christelijke koning van Zweden maar verloor daardoor steeds meer autoriteit, totdat hij feitelijk alleen nog macht had in het toen al overwegend christelijke Västergötland. Onder koning Olof werden de eerste Zweedse munten in Sigtuna, het toenmalige machtscentrum van het rijk, geslagen door Engelse muntmeesters. Dat verklaart zijn bijnaam Skötkonung (Schatkoning; lees: Muntkoning).
  
  Volgens een legende werd Olof (in 1008) in de kerk van Husaby door de Engelse bisschop Siegfried gedoopt. Weer andere bronnen noemen daarentegen ene missionaris Bernhard als diegene die Olof doopte. Daarna bevorderde Olof de stichting van het eerste Zweedse bisdom in Skara. De overgang naar het christendom schijnt zijn regeringstijd vooral in Svealand bijzonder moeilijk gemaakt te hebben. De Svear kozen met het oog daarop zijn eveneens christelijke zoon Anund Jacob tot koning, waarop Olof als een soort onderkoning in Västergötland regeerde. Snorri Sturluson geeft een andere grond voor de afzetting van Olof aan. Volgens hem zouden de Svear Olofs voortdurende oorlogen tegen de Noren tegengestaan hebben, wat er weer toe geleid zou hebben dat de andere volkeren aan de Oostzee zich aan de invloed van de Svear onttrokken.
  
  In 1018 probeerden Zweedse en Noorse edelen een vrede tussen Noorwegen en Zweden te bemiddelen en te bezegelen door een huwelijk van Olaf II van Noorwegen met Olofs dochter Ingrid. Olof wil daar niets van weten en dreigde de Noorse bemiddelaars te verbannen. De landdag dreigde op zijn beurt Olof om hem af te zetten of te doden als hij zijn oorlogspolitiek tegen Noorwegen zou doorzetten. Olof trok zich er niets van aan huwelijkte zijn dochter uit aan Jaroslav de Wijze van Kiev. Als tegenzet arrangeerden Zweedse edelen een huwelijk tussen Olofs bastaarddochter Astrid en Olof II van Noorwegen, en met een voldongen feit geconfronteerd moest Olof zich bij de vrede en het huwelijk neerleggen.

• (Levens event) .Source 2

  Olof Skötkonung (Old Swedish: Olawær Skotkonongær, Old Icelandic: Óláfr sænski), also known as Olaf Eiríksson (c. 980–1022) was King of Sweden, son of Eric the Victorious and, according to Icelandic sources, Sigrid the Haughty. He succeeded his father in 995.
  
  Etymology
  
  One of many explanations to the name Skötkonung is that it is derived from the Swedish word "skatt", which can mean either "taxes" or "treasure". The latter meaning has given the interpretation "tributary king" and one English scholar speculates about a tributary relationship to the Danish king Sweyn Forkbeard, who was his stepfather.[1] This explanation is however highly speculative as it is not supported by any evidence or historical sources. Another possible explanation of the name is that it means "treasure king" and refers to the fact that he was the first Swedish king to stamp coins.[2] An ancient land ownership ceremony which placed a parcel of earth in someone's lap (Swedish: sköte) was called scotting and may have been involved in this epithet.[3]
  
  The Icelandic "Óláfr sænski" means "Olaf the Swedish", an epithet used to distinguish him from the Norwegian kings Olaf Tryggvasson and Olaf Haraldsson.
  Life
  
  Our knowledge of Olof is mostly based on Snorri Sturluson's and Adam of Bremen's accounts, which have been subject to criticism from source-critical scholars. But according to Adam of Bremen, Sweyn Forkbeard was forced to defend his Danish kingdom from attacks by Olof who claimed the Danish throne. The conflict was resolved by Sweyn's marriage with Olaf's mother and the two kings were thereafter allies. Also Snorri Sturluson describes Sweyn and Olof as equal allies when they defeated the Norwegian king Olav Tryggvason in the battle of Svolder 1000, and thereafter divided Norway between themselves.
  Viking expedition to Wendland
  
  In a Viking expedition to Wendland, he had captured Edla, the daughter of a Wendish chieftain, and she gave him the son Emund (who was to become king of Sweden), and the daughter Astrid - later wife of Olaf II of Norway. He later married Estrid of the Obotrites, and she bore him the son Anund Jacob and the daughter Ingegerd Olofsdotter.
  Alliance with Sweyn Forkbeard
  
  Olof is said to have preferred royal sports to war and therefore Sweyn Forkbeard retook Denmark, which Olof's father Eric had conquered.[4] Olof also lost the right to tribute which his predecessors had preserved in what is now Estonia and Latvia.
  
  In 1000, he allied with Sweyn Forkbeard, who was married to Olof's mother, and with the Norwegian Jarls Eric and Sven, against the Norwegian King Olaf Tryggvason. Olaf Tryggvason died in the Battle of Svolder and Olof gained a part of Trøndelag as well as modern Bohuslän.[5]
  Norwegian-Swedish War
  
  When the Norwegian kingdom was reestablished by Olaf II of Norway, a new war erupted between Norway and Sweden. Many men in both Sweden and Norway tried to reconcile the kings. In 1018, Olof's cousin, the earl of Västergötland, Ragnvald Ulfsson and the Norwegian king's emissaries Björn Stallare and Hjalti Skeggiason had arrived at the thing of Uppsala in an attempt to sway the Swedish king to accept peace and as a warrant marry his daughter Ingegerd Olofsdotter to the king of Norway. The Swedish king was greatly angered and threatened to banish Ragnvald from his kingdom, but Ragnvald was supported by his foster-father Thorgny Lawspeaker.
  
  Thorgny delivered a powerful speech in which he reminded the king of the great Viking expeditions in the East that predecessors such as Erik Anundsson and Björn had undertaken, without having the hubris not to listen to their men's advice. Thorgny, himself, had taken part in many successful pillaging expeditions with Olof's father Eric the Victorious and even Eric had listened to his men. The present king wanted nothing but Norway, which no Swedish king before him had desired. This displeased the Swedish people, who were eager to follow the king on new ventures in the East to win back the kingdoms that paid tribute to his ancestors, but it was the wish of the people that the king make peace with the king of Norway and give him his daughter Ingegerd as queen.
  
  Thorgny finished his speech by saying: if you do not desire to do so, we shall assault you and kill you and not brook anymore of your warmongering and obstinacy. Our ancestors have done so, who at Mula thing threw five kings in a well, kings who were too arrogant as you are against us.
  
  However, Olof married his daughter Ingegerd-Irene to Yaroslav I the Wise instead. An impending war was settled when Olof agreed to share his power with his son Anund Jacob. Olof was also forced to accept a settlement with Olaf II of Norway at Kungahälla, who already had been married (unbeknownst to Olof) with Olof's daughter, Astrid, through the Geatish jarl Ragnvald Ulfsson.
  Christian King
  
  Olof was baptised in Husaby, probably by the missionary Sigfrid, c.1008, At Husaby church,there is sign at Husaby Honor his baptism and what is thought to be the well at the Holy spring where Olaf was baptised. to He was the first Swedish king to remain Christian until his death. However, according to Adam of Bremen, the fact that the vast majority of the Swedes were still pagan forced him to limit Christian activities to the already Christian border province of Västergötland.
  
  When he stamped coins in Sigtuna in the province of Uppland Olof used the word rex for king. OLUF REX as in the coin displayed above or OLAF REX. The use of Latin seems to suggest that he was already baptised at this time but on the other hand the coins were imitating English pennies in type and style. Sigtuna is written SITUN, ZINT (in the coin above), ZTNETEI, or SIDEI. The two last has been deciphered as Si(gtuna) Dei meaning God's Sigtuna.[6][7]
  Óláfsdrápa sænska
  
  The Icelandic skald Óttarr svarti spent some time at Olof's court and composed the poem Óláfsdrápa sænska describing Olof's war expeditions in the east. Other skalds who served Olof were Gunnlaugr ormstunga, Hrafn Önundarson and Gizurr svarti.
  Death and Veneration
  The alleged Olaf Grave at Husaby Church
  
  His death is said to have taken place in the winter of 1021–1022. According to a legend he was martyred at Stockholm after refusing to sacrifice to pagan gods. He's venerated as a saint in the Catholic Church.
  
  Since the 1740s, it has been claimed that he was buried in Husaby in the Christian part of his kingdom, but such identifications are controversial.

• Il est décédé en l'an 1022, il avait 52 ans.
• Un enfant de Erik VI "Segersäll" van Zweden et Swietoslawa van Polen
• Cette information a été mise à jour pour la dernière fois le 15 novembre 2012.

Famille de Olof II "Skötkonung" van Zweden

(1) Il est marié avec Estrid von Mecklenburg.

Ils se sont mariés.Source 3

Enfant(s):

1. Ingegerd van Zweden  1002-1050 
2. Anund Jacob van Zweden  1010-1050

(2) Il avait une relation avec Edla van Venden.

La relation a commencé

Enfant(s):

1. Astrid van Noorwegen   
2. Edmund "de Oude' van Zweden  ????-1060 
3. Holmfrid van Zweden  

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Barre chronologique Olof II "Skötkonung" van Zweden

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