Généalogie Wylie » Princess Louise Auguste of Hesse-Darmstadt [[32ggchCh-Wikibio]] (1757-1830)

Données personnelles Princess Louise Auguste of Hesse-Darmstadt [[32ggchCh-Wikibio]] 

• Elle est née le 30 janvier 1757 dans Berlin, Prussia.
• Elle est décédée le 14 février 1830, elle avait 73 ans.
• Un enfant de Louis IX Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt et Caroline Countess Palatine of Zweibrücken
• Cette information a été mise à jour pour la dernière fois le 25 décembre 2023.

Famille de Princess Louise Auguste of Hesse-Darmstadt [[32ggchCh-Wikibio]]

Elle est mariée avec Charles Augustus Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach.

Ils se sont mariés le 3 octobre 1775 à Karlsruhe, Baden-Württemberg, elle avait 18 ans.

Enfant(s):

1. Louise Auguste Amalie of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach  1779-1784
2. A daughter of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach  1781-1781
3. Charles Frederick Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach  1783-1853 
4. A son of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach  1785-1785
5. Caroline Louise of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach  1786-1816 

Notes par Princess Louise Auguste of Hesse-Darmstadt [[32ggchCh-Wikibio]]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princess_Louise_of_Hesse-Darmstadt_(1757%E2%80%931830)

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Princess Louise of Hesse-Darmstadt (1757–1830)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Louise of Hesse-Darmstadt

Luise von Hessen-Darmstadt, in a painting by Johann Heinrich Wilhelm Tischbein
Grand Duchess consort of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
Tenure21 April 1815 – 14 June 1828
Born30 January 1757
Berlin
Died14 February 1830 (aged 73)
SpouseCharles Augustus, Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
​
​(m. 1775; died 1828)​
IssueCharles Frederick, Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
Caroline Louise, Hereditary Grand Duchess of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
Prince Bernhard
Names
Louise Auguste
HouseHesse-Darmstadt
FatherLouis IX, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt
MotherCountess Palatine Caroline of Zweibrücken
ReligionLutheranism
Princess and Landgravine Louise of Hesse-Darmstadt (30 January 1757 – 14 February 1830) was a German princess. She was the daughter of Louis IX, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt. On 3 October 1775 she married duke (later grand-duke) Charles Augustus of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach and as such a member of the court sphere of Weimar Classicism. She was held to be serious and introverted but also compassionate and sympathetic, in the aftermath of the Battle of Jena which guaranteed her part in the later "myth of Weimar" ("Weimarmythos").

Life
Early life
The princess belonged to the House of Darmstadt, which held the Hessian landgraviate. She was born on 30 January 1757 in Frederick II's Prussian capital, Berlin, where her parents were due to the Seven Years' War. Her father Louis IX succeeded to the landgraviate in 1768 and was at the time of her birth fighting as a general for the Prussian forces. He was thus often away from his children and so the princess's education was in her mother Caroline's hands. Caroline educated Louise in the evangelical Protestant tradition, and she became interested in literature and music.

As the youngest daughter, with eight siblings, Louise's education was important to improve her marriage prospects. Since Louis IX showed little interest in his children, it was vital to get Louise married off and a matter also in the hands of her mother, becoming known as the "great Landgräfin" and von Zweibrücken due to her expert international dynastic politics in ancien regime Europe. In 1773 Louise travelled with her mother and sisters Amalie and Wilhelmine to Beschau then to the Russian court in St Petersburg. Tsarina Catharine II decided Louise was unsuitable as a wife for the grand-prince and future Tsar Paul, preferring her sister Wilhemine. This rebuff and her relationship with her future brother-in-law Paul formed Louise, leading to her being a persistent influence in the Russian state.

Nevertheless, this journey was not without influence on Louise, since on the way to Russia Caroline had learned of another female regent of a small German state - Anna Amalia. Anna and Louise probably found favour together.

Marriage
At the end of this acquaintance, under the influence of the governor in Erfurt from the Archbishopric of Mainz, Karl Theodor Anton Maria von Dalberg, the 18-year-old Louise was betrothed to the young knight Carl August of Sachsen-Weimar. The marriage occurred on 3 October 1775 at the Karlsruher court, where (as a new princess-consort) Louise became caught up in the Ernestine Weimar court.

The marriage was wholly dynastic in purpose (her sisters were married off to heir to Prussia and the Tsarevitch), consolidating the duchy of Saxe-Weimar's place at the heart of the Holy Roman Empire. Primary and secondary sources agree that it was as unhappy, with Louise (noted for her delicacy and timidity) had difficulty fitting in at court and remained in the shadow of her mother-in-law, the dowager duchess Anna Amalia. Louise especially attended the convents in her new country. A Romantic avant la lettre, she did not have a taste for the Romantic lifestyle. Goethe was court poet and minister to her husband (and his companion in his extra-marital affairs), but was moved by her charm, noble-heartedness and her eyes "the colour of cornflowers". Taking her under his wing, Goethe dedicated the following words to her:

I know one, thin as the lily / Whose pride is only innocence. / No one - not even Solomon - ever saw her like.
(J'en sais une, mince comme lys/ Dont la fierté n'est qu'innocence./ Nul - pas même Salomon -n'en vit de pareille.)

After four years of marriage, in 1779 Louise finally gave birth her first child; sadly, wasn't the hoped male heir but a daughter, named after her and lived only five years; her next pregnancy, in 1781, produced a second daughter who died immediately after birth. At this time the Weimar ducal court also went through its sturm und drang phase, drawing not only Goethe but also the Ernestines from Miseleien and Eseleien. The resulting emotional coldness did not help their marriage, with her husband publicly humiliating the marriage by a long-term affair with the actress Karoline Jagemann. Louise only gave him the heir in 1783, with the birth of Charles Frederick; after him, followed four more children, of whom two survive infancy: Caroline Louise in 1786 and Bernhard in 1792. With the birth of Bernhard the marriage had finally served its purpose of guaranteeing the succession to the throne and the continuation of the dynasty. Charles Frederick later married Maria (sister of Alexander I of Russia, and their daughter Augusta of Saxe-Weimar married prince Wilhelm of Prussia, thus becoming the first empress of Germany.

Napoleonic Wars
Louise had her great moment in October 1806. Despite her childhood and her early experiences in Weimar, she was a great influence in literary circles. The battle of Jena-Auerstedt (14 October), led to the defeat of the Prussian-Saxon forces and the total submission of all the German states to France and precipitated the fall of the Holy Roman Empire. Soon after the battle, the victorious French troops advanced on Weimar. The other family members either fled or were away fighting in the Prussian forces, and so Louise remained in Weimar as mother and protector of the nation.

Two days after the battle she ended up opposing Napoleon himself. He insisted that her husband withdraw from Prussian military service but she quite undiplomatically made it clear to Napoleon that he could not do so. Nevertheless, at her husband's request and inspired by the example of the German patriot queen Louise of Prussia, she managed to arrange the French plundering of the area so that Weimar got off lightly compared to the university-city of Jena. Whether Napoleon let himself soften towards Louise, or whether he acted this way due to his own calculations in power-politics remains open to discussion. The Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach duchy remained with the alliance upon the Treaty of Poznań and survived the Napoleonic era via further politicking. Since Louise was now considered as the country's leader, and her subjects and contemporaries maintained this image of her - along with her part in the Weimar myth.

In 1815 her politicking during the war ensured that at the Congress of Vienna her husband's small duchy not only retained all its territory but rose to become a grand duchy (her Thuringian cousins the house of Saxony, in contrast, merely preserved their title of duke). She then became devoted to ambassadorial duties. The Russian alliance ended with her successor Maria Pawlowna. The jubilee of her rule and her golden wedding, both in 1825, passed with little celebration and - already very withdrawn - she died aged 73 on 14 February 1830.

Issue

The children of Charles Augustus and Louise's: Charles Frederick, Caroline Louise and Bernhard. Portrait by Johann Friedrich August Tischbein, 1798.
She and Charles Augustus had 7 children, of whom only three survive adulthood:[1]

Louise Auguste Amalie (Weimar, 3 February 1779 – Weimar, 24 March 1784).
A daughter (born and died Weimar, 10 September 1781).
Charles Frederick, Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach (Weimar, 2 February 1783 – Schloss Belvedere, Weimar, 8 July 1853).
A son (born and died Weimar, 26 February 1785).
Caroline Louise (Weimar, 18 July 1786 - Ludwigslust, 20 January 1816), married Hereditary Prince Frederick Louis of Mecklenburg-Schwerin.
A son (born and died, Weimar, 13 April 1789).
Charles Bernhard (Weimar, 30 May 1792 - Liebenstein, 31 July 1862).
Archives
Louise's letters to her parents, grandmother and other persons, written between 1760 and 1776, are preserved in the Hessian State Archive (Hessisches Staatsarchiv Darmstadt) in Darmstadt, Germany.[2]

Ancestry
Ancestors of Princess Louise of Hesse-Darmstadt (1757–1830)[3]
16. Louis VI, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt
8. Ernest Louis, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt
17. Elisabeth Dorothea of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg
4. Louis VIII, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt
18. Albrecht II, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach
9. Dorothea Charlotte of Brandenburg-Ansbach
19. Sophie Margaret of Oettingen-Oettingen
2. Louis IX, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt
20. Johann Reinhard II of Hanau-Lichtenberg
10. Johann Reinhard III of Hanau-Lichtenberg
21. Countess Palatine Anna Magdalena of Birkenfeld-Bischweiler
5. Countess Charlotte of Hanau-Lichtenberg
22. Johann Friedrich, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach
11. Dorothea Friederike of Brandenburg-Ansbach
23. Johanne Elisabeth of Baden-Durlach
1. Princess Louise Auguste of Hesse-Darmstadt
24. Christian I, Count Palatine of Birkenfeld
12. Christian II of Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld
25. Countess Palatine Magdalene Catherine of Zweibrücken
6. Christian III, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken
26. Johann Jakob, Count of Rappoltstein
13. Katharina Agathe of Rappoltstein
27. Anna Klaudie of Salm
3. Countess Palatine Caroline of Zweibrücken
28. Gustav Adolph, Count of Nassau-Saarbrücken
14. Louis Crato, Count of Nassau-Saarbrücken
29. Eleonore Klare of Hohenlohe
7. Caroline of Nassau-Saarbrücken
30. Henry Frederick, Count of Hohenlohe-Langenburg
15. Philippine Henriette of Hohenlohe-Langenburg
31. Juliana Dorothea of Castell-Remlingen
Notes
Louise Auguste Prinzessin v.Hessen-Darmstadt in: Genealogy Database by Herbert Stoyan Archived 2014-11-26 at the Wayback Machine [retrieved 14 November 2014].
"Briefe der Prinzessin Luise, verheiratete Herzogin von Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach". Hessisches Staatsarchiv Darmstadt.
Genealogie ascendante jusqu'au quatrieme degre inclusivement de tous les Rois et Princes de maisons souveraines de l'Europe actuellement vivans [Genealogy up to the fourth degree inclusive of all the Kings and Princes of sovereign houses of Europe currently living] (in French). Bourdeaux: Frederic Guillaume Birnstiel. 1768. p. 69.
Bibliography
(in German) Bornhak, Friederike: Aus Alt-Weimar. Die Großherzoginnen Luise und Maria Paulowna, Breslau 1908.
(in German) Hammerich, Louis Leonor: Zwei kleine Goethestudien. II. Grossherzogin Louise von Sachsen-Weimar – eine politische, keine schöne Seele, Kopenhagen 1962.
(in German) Taxis-Bordogna, Olga: Frauen von Weimar, München 1950.

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Luise Auguste of Hesse-Darmstadt.
Princess Louise of Hesse-Darmstadt (1757–1830)
House of Hesse-Darmstadt
Cadet branch of the House of Hesse
Born: 30 January 1757 Died: 14 February 1830
German royalty
Vacant
Title last held by
Anna Amalia of Brunswick-WolfenbüttelDuchess consort of Saxe-Weimar
3 October 1775 - 1809Merged into one State
Duchess consort of Saxe-Eisenach
3 October 1775 - 1809
New titleDuchess consort of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
1809 - 21 April 1815Title Abolished
New titleGrand Duchess consort of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
21 April 1815 – 14 June 1828Succeeded by
Maria Pavlovna of Russia
Authority control Edit this at Wikidata
Categories
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princess_Louise_of_Hesse-Darmstadt_(1757%E2%80%931830) :
births1830 deathsGrand Duchesses of Saxe-Weimar-EisenachDuchesses of Saxe-Weimar-EisenachDuchesses of Saxe-WeimarDuchesses of Saxe-EisenachHouse of Hesse-DarmstadtHouse of Saxe-Weimar-EisenachGerman people of the Napoleonic WarsPeople from BerlinPrincesses of Saxe-Weimar-EisenachLandgravines of Hesse-DarmstadtDaughters of monarchsMothers of monarchs
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