West-Europese adel » Maria Clementine Leopoldine Clotilde "Clementine" de Bourbon-Orléans (1817-1907)

Day of marriage April 20, 1843

• The temperature on April 20, 1843 was about 10.0 °C. Wind direction mainly southwest. Weather type: helder weerlicht. Source: KNMI
•  This page is only available in Dutch.
  De Republiek der Verenigde Nederlanden werd in 1794-1795 door de Fransen veroverd onder leiding van bevelhebber Charles Pichegru (geholpen door de Nederlander Herman Willem Daendels); de verovering werd vergemakkelijkt door het dichtvriezen van de Waterlinie; Willem V moest op 18 januari 1795 uitwijken naar Engeland (en van daaruit in 1801 naar Duitsland); de patriotten namen de macht over van de aristocratische regenten en proclameerden de Bataafsche Republiek; op 16 mei 1795 werd het Haags Verdrag gesloten, waarmee ons land een vazalstaat werd van Frankrijk; in 3.1796 kwam er een Nationale Vergadering; in 1798 pleegde Daendels een staatsgreep, die de unitarissen aan de macht bracht; er kwam een nieuwe grondwet, die een Vertegenwoordigend Lichaam (met een Eerste en Tweede Kamer) instelde en als regering een Directoire; in 1799 sloeg Daendels bij Castricum een Brits-Russische invasie af; in 1801 kwam er een nieuwe grondwet; bij de Vrede van Amiens (1802) kreeg ons land van Engeland zijn koloniën terug (behalve Ceylon); na de grondwetswijziging van 1805 kwam er een raadpensionaris als eenhoofdig gezag, namelijk Rutger Jan Schimmelpenninck (van 31 oktober 1761 tot 25 maart 1825).
• In the year 1843: Source: Wikipedia
  • The Netherlands had about 3.1 million citizens.
  • February 6 » The first minstrel show in the United States, The Virginia Minstrels, opens (Bowery Amphitheatre in New York City).
  • June 26 » Treaty of Nanking comes into effect, Hong Kong Island is ceded to the British "in perpetuity".
  • October 1 » The News of the World tabloid begins publication in London, UK.
  • October 13 » In New York City, B'nai B'rith, the oldest Jewish service organization in the world, is founded.
  • October 14 » Irish nationalist Daniel O'Connell arrested by British on charges of criminal conspiracy.
  • December 16 » The discovery of octonions by John T. Graves, who denoted them with a boldface O, was announced to his mathematician friend William Hamilton, discoverer of quaternions, in a letter on this date.

Day of death February 16, 1907

• The average temperature on February 16, 1907 was 3.8 °C. There was 4.7 mm of rain. There was 0.7 hours of sunshine (7%). The average windspeed was 3 Bft (moderate breeze) and was prevailing from the west. Source: KNMI
• Koningin Wilhelmina (Huis van Oranje-Nassau) was from 1890 till 1948 sovereign of the Netherlands (also known as Koninkrijk der Nederlanden)
• In The Netherlands , there was from August 17, 1905 to February 11, 1908 the cabinet De Meester, with Mr. Th. de Meester (unie-liberaal) as prime minister.
• In the year 1907: Source: Wikipedia
  • The Netherlands had about 5.6 million citizens.
  • January 14 » An earthquake in Kingston, Jamaica kills more than 1,000 people.
  • June 14 » The National Association for Women's Suffrage succeeds in getting Norwegian women the right to vote in parliamentary elections.
  • August 3 » Judge Kenesaw Mountain Landis fines Standard Oil of Indiana a record $29.4million for illegal rebating to freight carriers; the conviction and fine are later reversed on appeal.
  • September 29 » The cornerstone is laid at the Cathedral Church of Saint Peter and Saint Paul (better known as Washington National Cathedral) in Washington, D.C.
  • October 27 » Fifteen people are killed in Hungary when a gunman opens fire on a crowd gathered at a church consecration.
  • December 14 » The Thomas W. Lawson, the largest ever ship without a heat engine, runs aground and founders near the Hellweather's Reef within the Isles of Scilly in a gale. The pilot and 15 seamen die.

Source: Wikipedia

• 1898 » Thomas Bracken, Irish-New Zealand journalist, poet, and politician (b. 1843)
• 1899 » Félix Faure, French merchant and politician, 7th President of France (b. 1841)
• 1907 » Giosuè Carducci, Italian poet and educator, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1835)
• 1912 » Nicholas of Japan, Russian-Japanese monk and saint (b. 1836)
• 1917 » Octave Mirbeau, French journalist, novelist, and playwright ( (b. 1848)
• 1919 » Vera Kholodnaya, Ukrainian actress (b. 1893)