West-Europese adel » Arnoldine Emilie van Wattenwyl (1838-1909)

Day of marriage August 4, 1859

• The temperature on August 4, 1859 was about 22.4 °C. The air pressure was 1.5 kgf/m² and came mainly from the southwest. The airpressure was 76 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 75%. Source: KNMI
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  De Republiek der Verenigde Nederlanden werd in 1794-1795 door de Fransen veroverd onder leiding van bevelhebber Charles Pichegru (geholpen door de Nederlander Herman Willem Daendels); de verovering werd vergemakkelijkt door het dichtvriezen van de Waterlinie; Willem V moest op 18 januari 1795 uitwijken naar Engeland (en van daaruit in 1801 naar Duitsland); de patriotten namen de macht over van de aristocratische regenten en proclameerden de Bataafsche Republiek; op 16 mei 1795 werd het Haags Verdrag gesloten, waarmee ons land een vazalstaat werd van Frankrijk; in 3.1796 kwam er een Nationale Vergadering; in 1798 pleegde Daendels een staatsgreep, die de unitarissen aan de macht bracht; er kwam een nieuwe grondwet, die een Vertegenwoordigend Lichaam (met een Eerste en Tweede Kamer) instelde en als regering een Directoire; in 1799 sloeg Daendels bij Castricum een Brits-Russische invasie af; in 1801 kwam er een nieuwe grondwet; bij de Vrede van Amiens (1802) kreeg ons land van Engeland zijn koloniën terug (behalve Ceylon); na de grondwetswijziging van 1805 kwam er een raadpensionaris als eenhoofdig gezag, namelijk Rutger Jan Schimmelpenninck (van 31 oktober 1761 tot 25 maart 1825).
• From March 18, 1858 till February 23, 1860 the Netherlands had a cabinet Rochussen - Van Bosse with the prime ministers J.J. Rochussen (conservatief-liberaal) and Mr. P.P. van Bosse (liberaal).
• In the year 1859: Source: Wikipedia
  • The Netherlands had about 3.3 million citizens.
  • February 5 » Alexandru Ioan Cuza, Prince of Moldavia, is also elected as prince of Wallachia, joining the two principalities as a personal union called the United Principalities, an autonomous region within the Ottoman Empire, which ushered the birth of the modern Romanian state.
  • May 4 » The Cornwall Railway opens across the Royal Albert Bridge linking Devon and Cornwall in England.
  • June 30 » French acrobat Charles Blondin crosses Niagara Falls on a tightrope.
  • August 16 » The Grand Duchy of Tuscany formally deposes the exiled House of Lorraine.
  • August 27 » Petroleum is discovered in Titusville, Pennsylvania leading to the world's first commercially successful oil well.
  • September 17 » Joshua A. Norton declares himself "Norton I, Emperor of the United States."

Day of death March 9, 1909

• The temperature on March 9, 1909 was between -3.5 °C and 4.1 °C and averaged 0.4 °C. There was 2.7 mm of rain. The average windspeed was 3 Bft (moderate breeze) and was prevailing from the east-southeast. Source: KNMI
• Koningin Wilhelmina (Huis van Oranje-Nassau) was from 1890 till 1948 sovereign of the Netherlands (also known as Koninkrijk der Nederlanden)
• In The Netherlands , there was from February 12, 1908 to August 29, 1913 the cabinet Heemskerk, with Mr. Th. Heemskerk (AR) as prime minister.
• In the year 1909: Source: Wikipedia
  • The Netherlands had about 5.8 million citizens.
  • January 23 » RMSRepublic, a passenger ship of the White Star Line, becomes the first ship to use the CQD distress signal after colliding with another ship, the SS Florida, off the Massachusetts coastline, an event that kills six people. The Republic sinks the next day.
  • February 2 » The Paris Film Congress opens. An attempt by European producers to form an equivalent to the MPCC cartel in the United States.
  • March 10 » By signing the Anglo-Siamese Treaty of 1909, Thailand relinquishes its sovereignty over the Malay states of Kedah, Kelantan, Perlis and Terengganu, which become British protectorates.
  • April 27 » Sultan of Ottoman Empire Abdul Hamid II is overthrown, and is succeeded by his brother, Mehmed V.
  • September 7 » Eugène Lefebvre crashes a new French-built Wright biplane during a test flight at Juvisy, south of Paris, becoming the first aviator in the world to lose his life in a powered heavier-than-air craft.
  • September 20 » The South Africa Act 1909 creates the Union of South Africa from the British Colonies from four smaller colonies.

Source: Wikipedia

• 1888 » William I, German Emperor (b. 1797)
• 1895 » Leopold von Sacher-Masoch, Austrian journalist and author (b. 1836)
• 1897 » Sondre Norheim, Norwegian-American skier (b. 1825)
• 1918 » Frank Wedekind, German author and playwright (b. 1864)
• 1925 » Willard Metcalf, American painter and academic (b. 1858)
• 1926 » Mikao Usui, Japanese spiritual leader, founded Reiki (b. 1865)