West-Europese adel » Francesca-de-Paula "Francesca" Ruffo (1838-1912)

Day of marriage March 6, 1856

• The temperature on March 6, 1856 was about 1.1 °C. The air pressure was 1 kgf/m² and came mainly from the east-northeast. The atmospheric humidity was 81%. Source: KNMI
•  This page is only available in Dutch.
  De Republiek der Verenigde Nederlanden werd in 1794-1795 door de Fransen veroverd onder leiding van bevelhebber Charles Pichegru (geholpen door de Nederlander Herman Willem Daendels); de verovering werd vergemakkelijkt door het dichtvriezen van de Waterlinie; Willem V moest op 18 januari 1795 uitwijken naar Engeland (en van daaruit in 1801 naar Duitsland); de patriotten namen de macht over van de aristocratische regenten en proclameerden de Bataafsche Republiek; op 16 mei 1795 werd het Haags Verdrag gesloten, waarmee ons land een vazalstaat werd van Frankrijk; in 3.1796 kwam er een Nationale Vergadering; in 1798 pleegde Daendels een staatsgreep, die de unitarissen aan de macht bracht; er kwam een nieuwe grondwet, die een Vertegenwoordigend Lichaam (met een Eerste en Tweede Kamer) instelde en als regering een Directoire; in 1799 sloeg Daendels bij Castricum een Brits-Russische invasie af; in 1801 kwam er een nieuwe grondwet; bij de Vrede van Amiens (1802) kreeg ons land van Engeland zijn koloniën terug (behalve Ceylon); na de grondwetswijziging van 1805 kwam er een raadpensionaris als eenhoofdig gezag, namelijk Rutger Jan Schimmelpenninck (van 31 oktober 1761 tot 25 maart 1825).
• From April 19, 1853 till July 1, 1856 the Netherlands had a cabinet Van Hall - Donker Curtius with the prime ministers Mr. F.A. baron Van Hall (conservatief-liberaal) and Mr. D. Donker Curtius (conservatief-liberaal).
• In The Netherlands , there was from July 1, 1856 to March 18, 1858 the cabinet Van der Brugghen, with Mr. J.L.L. van der Brugghen (protestant) as prime minister.
• In the year 1856: Source: Wikipedia
  • The Netherlands had about 3.3 million citizens.
  • March 30 » The Treaty of Paris is signed, ending the Crimean War.
  • May 1 » The Province of Isabela was created in the Philippines in honor of Queen Isabela II.
  • May 22 » Congressman Preston Brooks of South Carolina severely beats Senator Charles Sumner of Massachusetts with a cane in the hall of the United States Senate for a speech Sumner had made regarding Southerners and slavery.
  • July 31 » Christchurch, New Zealand is chartered as a city.
  • August 10 » The Last Island hurricane strikes Louisiana, resulting in over 200 deaths.
  • October 8 » The Second Opium War between several western powers and China begins with the Arrow Incident.

Day of death August 23, 1912

• The temperature on August 23, 1912 was between 9.5 °C and 15.8 °C and averaged 12.8 °C. There was 27.6 mm of rain. The average windspeed was 3 Bft (moderate breeze) and was prevailing from the south-southwest. Source: KNMI
• Koningin Wilhelmina (Huis van Oranje-Nassau) was from 1890 till 1948 sovereign of the Netherlands (also known as Koninkrijk der Nederlanden)
• In The Netherlands , there was from February 12, 1908 to August 29, 1913 the cabinet Heemskerk, with Mr. Th. Heemskerk (AR) as prime minister.
• In the year 1912: Source: Wikipedia
  • The Netherlands had about 6.0 million citizens.
  • January 5 » The 6th All-Russian Conference of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (Prague Party Conference) opens. In the course of the conference, Vladimir Lenin and his supporters break from the rest of the party to form the Bolshevik movement.
  • February 14 » The U.S. Navy commissions its first class of diesel-powered submarines.
  • March 5 » Italo-Turkish War: Italian forces are the first to use airships for military purposes, employing them for reconnaissance behind Turkish lines.
  • May 5 » Pravda, the "voice" of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, begins publication in Saint Petersburg.
  • November 27 » Spain declares a protectorate over the north shore of Morocco.
  • December 28 » The first municipally owned streetcars take to the streets in San Francisco.

Source: Wikipedia

• 1892 » Deodoro da Fonseca, Brazilian field marshal and politician, 1st President of Brazil (b. 1827)
• 1900 » Kuroda Kiyotaka, Japanese general and politician, 2nd Prime Minister of Japan (b. 1840)
• 1924 » Heinrich Berté, Slovak-Austrian composer (b. 1856)
• 1926 » Rudolph Valentino, Italian actor (b. 1895)
• 1927 » Bartolomeo Vanzetti, Italian anarchist convicted of murder (b. 1888)
• 1927 » Nicola Sacco, Italian anarchist convicted of murder (b. 1891)