January 7 » Galileo Galilei makes his first observation of the four Galilean moons: Ganymede, Callisto, Io and Europa, although he is not able to distinguish the last two until the following day.
May 14 » Henry IV of France is assassinated by Catholic zealot François Ravaillac, and Louis XIII ascends the throne.
July 4 » The Battle of Klushino is fought between forces of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and Russia during the Polish–Muscovite War.
July 5 » John Guy sets sail from Bristol with 39 other colonists for Newfoundland.
August 2 » During Henry Hudson's search for the Northwest Passage, he sails into what is now known as Hudson Bay.
August 9 » The First Anglo-Powhatan War begins in colonial Virginia.
January 17 » England's Long Parliament passes the "Vote of No Addresses", breaking off negotiations with King Charles I and thereby setting the scene for the second phase of the English Civil War.
May 15 » The Peace of Münster is ratified, by which Spain acknowledges Dutch sovereignty.
June 1 » The Roundheads defeat the Cavaliers at the Battle of Maidstone in the Second English Civil War.
August 8 » Mehmed IV (1648–1687) succeeds Ibrahim I (1640–1648) as Ottoman Emperor.
October 24 » The Peace of Westphalia is signed, marking the end of the Thirty Years' War.
December 6 » Colonel Thomas Pride of the New Model Army purges the Long Parliament of MPs sympathetic to King Charles I of England, in order for the King's trial to go ahead; came to be known as "Pride's Purge".
June 25 » Venetian Elena Cornaro Piscopia is the first woman awarded a doctorate of philosophy when she graduates from the University of Padua.
August 3 » Robert LaSalle builds the Le Griffon, the first known ship built on the Great Lakes.
November 25 » Trunajaya rebellion: After a long and logistically challenging march, the allied Mataram and Dutch troops successfully assaulted the rebel stronghold of Kediri.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Pieter, "West-Europese adel", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/west-europese-adel/I121896.php : accessed May 6, 2024), "Johan Sigismund Vrijheer Kettler Heer van Ambotten (1610-1678)".
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