The temperature on February 10, 1818 was about 2.0 °C. Wind direction mainly south east. Weather type: zwaar mist. Source: KNMI
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De Republiek der Verenigde Nederlanden werd in 1794-1795 door de Fransen veroverd onder leiding van bevelhebber Charles Pichegru (geholpen door de Nederlander Herman Willem Daendels); de verovering werd vergemakkelijkt door het dichtvriezen van de Waterlinie; Willem V moest op 18 januari 1795 uitwijken naar Engeland (en van daaruit in 1801 naar Duitsland); de patriotten namen de macht over van de aristocratische regenten en proclameerden de Bataafsche Republiek; op 16 mei 1795 werd het Haags Verdrag gesloten, waarmee ons land een vazalstaat werd van Frankrijk; in 3.1796 kwam er een Nationale Vergadering; in 1798 pleegde Daendels een staatsgreep, die de unitarissen aan de macht bracht; er kwam een nieuwe grondwet, die een Vertegenwoordigend Lichaam (met een Eerste en Tweede Kamer) instelde en als regering een Directoire; in 1799 sloeg Daendels bij Castricum een Brits-Russische invasie af; in 1801 kwam er een nieuwe grondwet; bij de Vrede van Amiens (1802) kreeg ons land van Engeland zijn koloniën terug (behalve Ceylon); na de grondwetswijziging van 1805 kwam er een raadpensionaris als eenhoofdig gezag, namelijk Rutger Jan Schimmelpenninck (van 31 oktober 1761 tot 25 maart 1825).
January 2 » The British Institution of Civil Engineers is founded by a group of six engineers; Thomas Telford would later become its first president.
March 16 » In the Second Battle of Cancha Rayada, Spanish forces defeated Chileans under José de San Martín.
April 16 » The United States Senate ratifies the Rush–Bagot Treaty, limiting naval armaments on the Great Lakes and Lake Champlain.
April 19 » French physicist Augustin Fresnel signs his preliminary "Note on the Theory of Diffraction" (deposited on the following day). The document ends with what we now call the Fresnel integrals.
April 20 » The case of Ashford v Thornton ends, with Abraham Thornton allowed to go free rather than face a retrial for murder, after his demand for trial by battle is upheld.
July 29 » French physicist Augustin Fresnel submits his prizewinning "Memoir on the Diffraction of Light", precisely accounting for the limited extent to which light spreads into shadows, and thereby demolishing the oldest objection to the wave theory of light.
Day of death August 2, 1881
The temperature on August 2, 1881 was about 20.2 °C. The air pressure was 1 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the north-northeast. The airpressure was 77 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 51%. Source: KNMI
In The Netherlands , there was from August 20, 1879 to April 23, 1883 the cabinet Van Lijnden van Sandenburg, with Mr. C.Th. baron Van Lijnden van Sandenburg (conservatief-AR) as prime minister.
February 27 » First Boer War: The Battle of Majuba Hill takes place.
April 28 » Billy the Kid escapes from the Lincoln County jail in Mesilla, New Mexico.
June 28 » The Austro–Serbian Alliance of 1881 is secretly signed.
July 1 » The world's first international telephone call is made between St. Stephen, New Brunswick, Canada, and Calais, Maine, United States.
July 14 » Billy the Kid is shot and killed by Pat Garrett outside Fort Sumner.
September 19 » U.S. President James A. Garfield dies of wounds suffered in a July 2 shooting. Vice President Chester A. Arthur becomes President upon Garfield's death.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Jon Vandenberg, "Vandenberg Tree", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/vandenberg-tree/R1691.php : accessed May 1, 2025), "Martijntje Verjaal (1818-1881)".
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