van tukker tot voorbij de romeinen » Janna Makkinga (1835-1914)

Day of marriage May 20, 1858

• The temperature on May 20, 1858 was about 13.0 °C. The air pressure was 2.5 kgf/m² and came mainly from the northwest. The airpressure was 76 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 77%. Source: KNMI
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  De Republiek der Verenigde Nederlanden werd in 1794-1795 door de Fransen veroverd onder leiding van bevelhebber Charles Pichegru (geholpen door de Nederlander Herman Willem Daendels); de verovering werd vergemakkelijkt door het dichtvriezen van de Waterlinie; Willem V moest op 18 januari 1795 uitwijken naar Engeland (en van daaruit in 1801 naar Duitsland); de patriotten namen de macht over van de aristocratische regenten en proclameerden de Bataafsche Republiek; op 16 mei 1795 werd het Haags Verdrag gesloten, waarmee ons land een vazalstaat werd van Frankrijk; in 3.1796 kwam er een Nationale Vergadering; in 1798 pleegde Daendels een staatsgreep, die de unitarissen aan de macht bracht; er kwam een nieuwe grondwet, die een Vertegenwoordigend Lichaam (met een Eerste en Tweede Kamer) instelde en als regering een Directoire; in 1799 sloeg Daendels bij Castricum een Brits-Russische invasie af; in 1801 kwam er een nieuwe grondwet; bij de Vrede van Amiens (1802) kreeg ons land van Engeland zijn koloniën terug (behalve Ceylon); na de grondwetswijziging van 1805 kwam er een raadpensionaris als eenhoofdig gezag, namelijk Rutger Jan Schimmelpenninck (van 31 oktober 1761 tot 25 maart 1825).
• In The Netherlands , there was from July 1, 1856 to March 18, 1858 the cabinet Van der Brugghen, with Mr. J.L.L. van der Brugghen (protestant) as prime minister.
• From March 18, 1858 till February 23, 1860 the Netherlands had a cabinet Rochussen - Van Bosse with the prime ministers J.J. Rochussen (conservatief-liberaal) and Mr. P.P. van Bosse (liberaal).
• In the year 1858: Source: Wikipedia
  • The Netherlands had about 3.3 million citizens.
  • January 25 » The Wedding March by Felix Mendelssohn is played at the marriage of Queen Victoria's daughter, Victoria, and Friedrich of Prussia, and becomes a popular wedding processional.
  • January 30 » The first Hallé concert is given in Manchester, England, marking the official founding of The Hallé orchestra as a full-time, professional orchestra.
  • February 11 » Bernadette Soubirous's first vision of the Blessed Virgin Mary in Lourdes, France.
  • April 10 » After the original Big Ben, a 14.5 tonnes (32,000lb) bell for the Palace of Westminster, had cracked during testing, it is recast into the current 13.76 tonnes (30,300lb) bell by Whitechapel Bell Foundry.
  • August 11 » The Eiger in the Bernese Alps is ascended for the first time by Charles Barrington accompanied by Christian Almer and Peter Bohren.
  • August 20 » Charles Darwin first publishes his theory of evolution through natural selection in The Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London, alongside Alfred Russel Wallace's same theory.

Day of death October 3, 1914

• The temperature on October 3, 1914 was between 4.5 °C and 16.7 °C and averaged 11.4 °C. There was 0.3 hours of sunshine (3%). The average windspeed was 3 Bft (moderate breeze) and was prevailing from the west-southwest. Source: KNMI
• Koningin Wilhelmina (Huis van Oranje-Nassau) was from 1890 till 1948 sovereign of the Netherlands (also known as Koninkrijk der Nederlanden)
• In The Netherlands , there was from August 29, 1913 to September 9, 1918 the cabinet Cort van der Linden, with Mr. P.W.A. Cort van der Linden (liberaal) as prime minister.
• In the year 1914: Source: Wikipedia
  • The Netherlands had about 6.2 million citizens.
  • April 20 » Nineteen men, women, and children die in the Ludlow Massacre during a Colorado coal-miners' strike.
  • July 18 » The U.S. Congress forms the Aviation Section, U.S. Signal Corps, giving official status to aircraft within the U.S. Army for the first time.
  • August 6 » World War I: Serbia declares war on Germany; Austria declares war on Russia.
  • August 14 » World War I: Start of the Battle of Lorraine, an unsuccessful French offensive designed to recover the lost province of Moselle from Germany.
  • November 13 » Zaian War: Berber tribesmen inflict the heaviest defeat of French forces in Morocco at the Battle of El Herri.
  • December 23 » World War I: Australian and New Zealand troops arrive in Cairo, Egypt.

Source: Wikipedia

• 1907 » Jacob Nash Victor, American engineer (b. 1835)
• 1911 » Rosetta Jane Birks, Australian suffragist (b. 1856)
• 1917 » Eduardo Di Capua, Neapolitan composer, singer and songwriter (b. 1865)
• 1929 » Gustav Stresemann, German politician, Chancellor of Germany, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1878)
• 1929 » Jeanne Eagels, American actress (b. 1894)
• 1931 » Carl Nielsen, Danish violinist, composer, and conductor (b. 1865)