The temperature on June 23, 1943 was between 10.7 °C and 19.3 °C and averaged 15.3 °C. There was 6.7 hours of sunshine (40%). The average windspeed was 3 Bft (moderate breeze) and was prevailing from the west-southwest. Source: KNMI
In The Netherlands , there was from July 27, 1941 to February 23, 1945 the cabinet Gerbrandy II, with Prof. dr. P.S. Gerbrandy (ARP) as prime minister.
February 27 » In Berlin, the Gestapo arrest 1,800 Jewish men with German wives, leading to the Rosenstrasse protest.
March 14 » The liquidation of the Kraków Ghetto is completed.
April 30 » World War II: The British submarine HMSSeraph surfaces near Huelva to cast adrift a dead man dressed as a courier and carrying false invasion plans.
June 20 » World War II: The Royal Air Force launches Operation Bellicose, the first shuttle bombing raid of the war. Lancaster bombers damage the V-2 rocket production facilities at the Zeppelin Works while en route to an air base in Algeria.
November 15 » The Holocaust: German SS leader Heinrich Himmler orders that Gypsies are to be put "on the same level as Jews and placed in concentration camps".
December 26 » World War II: German warship Scharnhorst is sunk off of Norway's North Cape after a battle against major Royal Navy forces.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Coos van Spijk, "Family tree of Spijk and her many ancestors", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/van-spijk-stamboom/I85751.php : accessed January 11, 2026), "Elisabeth de Vreede (1912-)".
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