The temperature on September 30, 1860 was about 12.0 °C. The air pressure was 0.5 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the south-southwest. The airpressure was 76 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 91%. Source: KNMI
From March 18, 1858 till February 23, 1860 the Netherlands had a cabinet Rochussen - Van Bosse with the prime ministers J.J. Rochussen (conservatief-liberaal) and Mr. P.P. van Bosse (liberaal).
From February 23, 1860 till March 14, 1861 the Netherlands had a cabinet Van Hall - Van Heemstra with the prime ministers Mr. F.A. baron Van Hall (conservatief-liberaal) and Mr. S. baron Van Heemstra (liberaal).
March 24 » Sakuradamon Incident: Assassination of Japanese Chief Minister (Tairō) Ii Naosuke.
March 28 » First Taranaki War: The Battle of Waireka begins.
June 30 » The 1860 Oxford evolution debate at the Oxford University Museum of Natural History takes place.
September 8 » The steamship PSLady Elgin sinks on Lake Michigan, with the loss of around 300 lives.
October 17 » First The Open Championship (referred to in North America as the British Open).
October 26 » The Expedition of the Thousand ends when Giuseppe Garibaldi presents his conquests to King Victor Emmanuel of Sardinia.
Day of marriage November 13, 1878
The temperature on November 13, 1878 was about 8.3 °C. The air pressure was 2 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the south-southeast. The airpressure was 75 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 67%. Source: KNMI
In The Netherlands , there was from November 3, 1877 to August 20, 1879 the cabinet Kappeijne van de Coppello, with Mr. J. Kappeijne van de Coppello (liberaal) as prime minister.
January 4 » Russo-Turkish War (1877–78): Sofia is liberated from Ottoman rule and designated the capital of Liberated Bulgaria.
January 16 » Russo-Turkish War (1877–78): Battle of Philippopolis: Captain Aleksandr Burago with a squadron of Russian Imperial army dragoons liberates Plovdiv from Ottoman rule.
January 28 » Yale Daily News becomes the first independent daily college newspaper in the United States.
March 15 » Restoration of the Scottish Catholic hierarchy, broken off back in 1603.
June 15 » Eadweard Muybridge takes a series of photographs to prove that all four feet of a horse leave the ground when it runs; the study becomes the basis of motion pictures.
December 31 » Karl Benz, working in Mannheim, Germany, filed for a patent on his first reliable two-stroke gas engine, and he was granted the patent in 1879.
Day of death June 25, 1901
The temperature on June 25, 1901 was between 9.8 °C and 18.6 °C and averaged 13.7 °C. There was 3.7 hours of sunshine (22%). Source: KNMI
January 1 » The British colonies of New South Wales, Queensland, Victoria, South Australia, Tasmania, and Western Australia federate as the Commonwealth of Australia; Edmund Barton is appointed the first Prime Minister.
August 14 » The first claimed powered flight, by Gustave Whitehead in his Number 21.
October 24 » Annie Edson Taylor becomes the first person to go over Niagara Falls in a barrel.
November 8 » Gospel riots: Bloody clashes take place in Athens following the translation of the Gospels into demotic Greek.
November 13 » The 1901 Caister lifeboat disaster.
December 10 » The first Nobel Prize ceremony is held in Stockholm on the fifth anniversary of Alfred Nobel's death.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Coos van Spijk, "Family tree of Spijk and her many ancestors", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/van-spijk-stamboom/I54835.php : accessed February 2, 2026), "Petronella Don (1860-1901)".
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